24.
Cornelius Irvine Walker,
The Life of Lieutenant General Richard Heron Anderson of the Confederate States Army
(Charleston, SC: Art Publishing Co., 1917), 19, 25; Alexander,
Fighting for the Confederacy
, 365; Steven H. Newton,
The Battle of Seven Pines, May 31–June 1, 1862
(Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, 1993), 29, 99; Don Walters, “In Defense of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson and His Division at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863,”
Blue & Gray Magazine
(Holiday 2003),16, 18.
25.
“Report of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, C.S. Army” (August 7, 1863), in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 2):614; Longstreet,
Manassas to Appomattox
, 365; Busey and Martin,
Regimental Strengths and Losses
, 234, 308.
26.
“Report of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, C.S. Army” (August 7, 1863) and “Report of Brig. Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox, C.S. Army” (July 17, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 2):614, 618; John C. Carter,
Welcome the Hour of Conflict: William Cowan McClellan and the 9th Alabama
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007), 250; Waters and Edmonds,
A Small but Spartan Band
, 67.
27.
Clark B. Baldwin to J. B. Bachelder (May 20, 1865) and Hilary A. Herbert to J. B. Bachelder (July 9, 1884), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:193, 2:1057; Clark, “Wilcox’s Alabama Brigade at Gettysburg,”
Confederate Veteran
17 (May 1909), 229–30; Warren H. Cudworth,
History of the First Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry
(Boston: Walker, Fuller & Co., 1866), 397; Kevin
O’Brien, “ ‘To Unflinchingly Face Danger and Death’: Carr’s Brigade Defends Emmitsburg Road,”
Gettysburg Magazine
12 (January 1995), 15; “Colonel Hilary A. Herbert’s ‘History of the Eighth Alabama Volunteer Regiment, C.S.A.,’ ” ed. M. S. Fortin,
Alabama Historical Quarterly
39 (1977), 117; Bowden and Ward,
Last Chance for Victory
, 327.
28.
Asa W. Barlett,
History of the Twelfth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion
(Concord: Ira C. Evans, 1897), 121, 123–24; Blake,
Three Years in the Army of the Potomac
, 207–8; Toombs,
New Jersey Troops in the Gettysburg Campaign
, 238; Carr interview with Alexander Kelly, in
Generals in Bronze
, 95; Brown,
History of the Third Regiment, Excelsior Brigade
, 104; Rafferty, “Gettysburg” (November 7, 1883), in
Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion
, 26–27; Humphreys to Rebecca Humphreys (July 4, 1863), in Andrew Atkinson Humphreys Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Seeley to J. B. Bachelder, in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:607–8; Humphreys to Lafayette McLaws (January 6, 1878), Southern Historical Collection.
29.
William Colvill to J. B. Bachelder (June 9, 1866), and Charles Richardson to J. B. Bachelder (May 8, 1868), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:256–57, 339; Bigelow,
The Peach Orchard at Gettysburg
, 12; Moran, “A Fire Zouave—Memoirs of a Member of the Excelsior Brigade,”
National Tribune
(November 6, 1890); “College Hospital in Gettysburg,”
The Land We Love: A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Literature, Military History and Agriculture
2 (February 1867), 293.
30.
“Nineteenth Maine Regiment,” in
Maine at Gettysburg
, 292; Heath to J. B. Bachelder (October 12, 1889), in
Bachelder Papers
, 3:1651–52; Schultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 75, 158–59; R. Lee Hadden, “The Granite Glory: The 19th Maine at Gettysburg,” in
Gettysburg Magazine
13 (July 1995), 52, 54. Forty-six years later, the regimental historian of the 19th Maine tried to squelch the story that Humphreys had ordered Heath to turn his weapons on his own men, but even then, he conceded that “doubtless some officer did urge Colonel Heath to do what he claimed” (see Smith,
History of the Nineteenth Regiment of Maine Volunteer Infantry
, 76). One of the 19th’s line officers, Silas Adams, specifically rebutted Smith’s denial in “The Nineteenth Maine at Gettysburg,” in
War Papers Read Before the Commandery of the State of Maine
, 4:253.
31.
“Colonel Hilary A. Herbert’s ‘History of the Eighth Alabama Volunteer Regiment, C.S.A.,’ ” 117.
1.
“Reports of Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock,” in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 1):370.
2.
Gibbon,
Personal Recollections
, 137; Schultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 54; Bowden and Ward,
Last Chance for Victory
, 321; Hancock to J. B. Bachelder (November 7, 1885), in
Bachelder Papers
, 2:1135;
Life of David Bell Birney
, 189.
3.
Francis Heath to J. B. Bachelder (October 12, 1889), in
Bachelder Papers
, 3:1651; Gambone,
Hancock at Gettysburg
, 101; Schultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 62–64, 69–71, 80–82; Waitt,
History of the Nineteenth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
, 230–31.
4.
Wayne Mahood,
Alexander “Fighting Elleck” Hays: The Life of a Civil War General, from West Point to the Wilderness
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishing, 2005), 98; Campbell, “ ‘Remember Harper’s Ferry,’ ” 64; Ezra D, Simons, “ ‘What Mean These Stones?” in
New York at Gettysburg
, 2:888, and
A Regimental History: The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth New York State Volunteers
(New York: Ezra D. Simons, 1888), 105.
5.
A. B. Williams, “War Correspondence,” in Lewis H. Clark,
Military History of Wayne County N.Y. in the Civil War, 1861–1865
(Sodus, NY: Clark, Hulett & Gaylord, 1863),
Appendix B, 6; Gambone,
Hancock at Gettysburg
, 92; “Oration of Gen. Clinton D. MacDougall” (June 26, 1891), in
New York at Gettysburg
, 2:800; “Report of Col. Clinton MacDougall, One Hundred and Eleventh New York Infantry” (August 26, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 1):474; Walter Walcott, “Colors of the 126th Regiment,” in
The Military History of Yates County, N.Y., Comprising a Record of the Services Rendered by the Citizens of This County
(Penn Yan, NY: Express Book and Job Printing House, 1895), 75–76; Willson,
Disaster, Struggle, Triumph
, 169; Schultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 77, 79–80, 89, 90, 104, 105; Simons,
A Regimental History
, 111, 113–14; Martin W. Husk,
The 111th New York Volunteer Infantry: A Civil War History
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishing, 2010), 61; Charles Richardson to J. B. Bachelder (May 8, 1868), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:339–40.
6.
Henry Dietrich, “Unveiling of Monument” (July 2, 1895), and Charles A. Richardson, “Historical Sketch,” in
New York at Gettysburg
, 1:281 and 2:905; Bacarella,
Lincoln’s Foreign Legion
, 137–38; Bigelow,
The Peach Orchard at Gettysburg
, 24; Campbell, “Remember Harper’s Ferry,” 70; “Report of Capt. Augustus P. Martin, Third Massachusetts Battery” (July 31, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 1):660.
7.
Daniel W. Barefoot,
Let Us Die Like Brave Men: Behind the Dying Words of Confederate Warriors
(Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair, 2011), 119; Winey,
Confederate Army Uniforms at Gettysburg
, 30; Wheelock Veazey to J. B. Bachelder, Charles A. Richardson to J. B. Bachelder (August 18, 1867) and Benjamin G. Humphreys to J. B. Bachelder (May 1, 1876), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:59, 315–16, 340, 481; George G. Benedict,
Vermont at Gettysburgh: A Sketch of the Part Taken by the Vermont Troops, in the Battle of Gettysburgh
(Burlington, VT: Free Press, 1870), 8–9; Evan Rothera, “Forgotten Fire-Eater: William Barksdale in History and Memory,”
Journal of Mississippi History
72 (Winter 2010), 401–25; “Reports of Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday” (December 14, 1863), in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 1):260; Blake,
Three Years in the Army of the Potomac
, 214–15; Gambone,
Hancock at Gettysburg
, 95, 97; Muffly,
History of the 148th Pennsylvania
, 173; J. N. Searles, “The First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry,” in
Glimpses of the Nation’s Struggle: A Series of Papers Read Before the Minnesota Commandery
, 2:105.
8.
Francis A. Walker, “Hancock at Gettysburg,”
National Tribune
(October 28, 1886); William Colville to J. B. Bachelder (June 9, 1866) and Hancock to J. B. Bachelder (November 7, 1885), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:256–57, 2:1135; Shultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 92, 93; William Lochren, “The First Minnesota at Gettysburg,” in
Glimpses of the Nation’s Struggle
, 1:48–50; “Reports of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock,” in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 1):371.
9.
Moe,
The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
, 278, 349;
History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861–1864
(Stillwater, MN: Easton & Masterman, 1916), 350; Franklyn Curtiss-Wedge,
History of Goodhue County, Minnesota
(Chicago: H. C. Cooper, 1909), 507–8; Brian Leehan,
Pale Horse at Plum Run: The First Minnesota at Gettysburg
(St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 2001), 44, 56, 173–74, 176, 179; Colvill to J. B. Bachelder (August 30, 1866), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:285; Walker, “Hancock at Gettysburg,”
National Tribune
(October 28, 1886); Tucker,
Hancock the Superb
, 144.
10.
“Colonel Hilary Herbert’s ‘History of the Eighth Alabama Volunteer Regiment, C.S.A.,’ ” ed. M. S. Fortin,
Alabama Historical Quarterly
39 (1977), 116–18; Searles, “The First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry,” 105; Lochren, “The First Minnesota at Gettysburg,” 48–50; Clark, “Wilcox’s Alabama Brigade at Gettysburg,”
Confederate Veteran
17 (May 1909), 229–30; Patrick Hill, Perry Tholl, and Greg Johnson, “ ‘On This Spot …’: Locating the 1st Minnesota Monument at Gettysburg,”
Gettysburg Magazine
32 (January 2005), 97; Waters and Edmonds,
A Small but Spartan Band
, 70–71; “Report of Col. David Lang, Eighth
Florida Infantry” (July 29, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 2):631–32; Smith,
History of the Nineteenth Regiment of Maine Volunteer Infantry
, 71.
11.
History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry
, 349; Searles, “The First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry,” 107; “Report of Brig. Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox, C.S. Army” (July 17, 1863) and “Report of Col. David Lang, Eighth Florida Infantry” (July 29, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 2):618, 631–32; Leehan,
Pale Horse at Plum Run
, 74–75, 218–19.
12.
Shultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 30–31.
13.
“Report of Brig. Gen. A. R. Wright, C.S. Army” (September 28, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 2):622; Isaac W. Avery,
The History of the State of Georgia from 1850 to 1881, Embracing the Three Important Epochs: The Decade Before the War of 1861–5; the War; the Period of Reconstruction
(New York: Brown & Derby, 1881), 40; “Delegates to the Southern Convention” and “Georgia Convention,”
Macon Daily Telegraph
(January 26 and March 21, 1861); Margaret Mitchell, “General Wright: Georgia’s Hero at Gettysburg,”
Atlanta Historical Bulletin
9 (May 1950), 85; Eric A. Campbell, “So Much for Comrades in Arms,”
America’s Civil War
(July 2007), 56; Matt Atkinson, “ ‘We Were Now Completely Masters of the Field’: Ambrose Wright’s Attack on July 2,” in
The Second Day at Gettysburg
, 212; Frank H. Foote, “Marching in Clover: A Confederate Brigade’s Tramp from the Rappahannock to Gettysburg,” in
New Annals of the Civil War
, 276.
14.
William H. Stewart,
A Pair of Blankets: War-Time History in Letters to Young People of the South
(New York: Broadway Publishing, 1911), 96–97; “Report of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, C.S. Army” (August 7, 1863), in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 2):614; Rev’d Henry Stevens,
Souvenir of the Excursions to Battlefields by the Society of the 14th Connecticut
(Washington, DC: Gibson Brothers, 1893), 16;
Address by Col. Claiborne Snead at the Reunion of the Third Georgia Regiment, at Union Point on the 31st July, 1874: History of the Third Georgia Regiment and the Career of Its First Commander, Gen. Ambrose R. Wright
(Augusta, GA: Chronicle and Sentinel Job Printing Establishment, 1874), 9; Charles Teague,
Masters of the Field at Gettysburg: A Tactical Study of the Charge of Brigadier General Ambrose R. Wright’s Georgia Brigade on July 2, 1863
(privately printed, 2012), 17–18; “Private Letters from Lieut. Anderson, of Gen. Wright’s Staff,”
Macon Daily Telegraph
(July 22, 1863).
15.
“Report of Capt. Charles J. Moffett, Second Georgia Battalion” (July 18, 1863) and “Report of Brig. Gen. A. R. Wright, C.S. Army” (September 28, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 2):623, 630; Teague,
Masters of the Field at Gettysburg
, 19–20; Thomas L. Elmore, “Casualty Analysis of the Gettysburg Battle,”
Gettysburg Magazine
35 (July 2006), 95–96; Atkinson, “ ‘We Were Now Completely Masters of the Field’: Ambrose Wright’s Attack on July 2,” 215; Charles D. Page,
History of the Fourteenth Regiment, Connecticut Vol. Infantry
(Meriden, CT: Horton Printing, 1906), 144; Edward G. Longacre,
To Gettysburg and Beyond: The Twelfth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, II Corps, Army of the Potomac, 1862–1865
(Hightstown, NJ: Longstreet House, 1988), 124–25; Richard S. Thompson, “A Scrap of Gettysburg” (1897), in
Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read Before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
(Chicago: Dial Press, 1899), 98–99.
16.
Emerson L. Bicknell to J. B. Bachelder (August 6, 1883), in
Bachelder Papers
, 2:963–64; “Dedication of Monument. 2d Regiment N.Y.S. Militia (82d Volunteers),” in
New York at Gettysburg
, 2:664; “Report of Lieut. Col. George C. Joslin, Fifteenth Massachusetts Infantry” (July 11, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 1):423; Andrew Elmer Ford,
The Story of the Fifteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War, 1861–1864
(Clinton, MA: J. Coulter, 1898), 280; John H. Rhodes,
The History of Battery B, First Regiment Rhode Island Light Artillery, in the War to Preserve the Union, 1861–1865
(Providence, RI: Snow & Farnham, 1894), 201, 203; “Address by Colonel Joseph R. C. Ward,” in
In Memoriam: Alexander Stewart Webb
, 82; Bowden and Ward,
Last Chance for Victory
, 330, 332; Bradley
Gottfried,
Stopping Pickett: The History of the Philadelphia Brigade
(Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Books, 1999), 158–59; Robert Grandchamp, “Brown’s Company B, 1st Rhode Island at the Battle of Gettysburg,”
Gettysburg Magazine
36 (January 2007), 87–88; Gary G. Lash,
“Duty Well Done”: The History of Edward Baker’s California Regiment, 71st Pennsylvania Infantry
(Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 2001), 332.
17.
Campbell, “So Much for Comrades in Arms,” 58
;
“Address by Colonel Joseph R. C. Ward,” 82;
Address by Col. Claiborne Snead
, 9; Marsena Patrick, diary entry for July 6, 1863, in
Inside Lincoln’s Army
, 267; Meade,
Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade
, 2:89; Cleaves,
Meade of Gettysburg
, 152–53.
18.
Benedict,
Vermont at Gettysburgh
, 6–7; Shultz and Wieck,
Battle Between the Farm Lanes
, 115–17, 122–24, 126–27, 129; George H. Scott, “Vermont at Gettysburg,”
Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society
(1930), 1:66; Williams to J. B. Bachelder (April 21, 1864, and November 10, 1865), in
Bachelder Papers
, 1:163–64, 215; Meade,
Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade
, 2:89; Gibbon,
Personal Recollections
, 138.
19.
Stewart,
A Pair of Blankets
, 96–97; Campbell, “So Much for Comrades in Arms,” 58; Cooper H. Wingert, “Masters of the Field: A New Interpretation of Wright’s Brigade and Their Assault at Gettysburg,”
Gettysburg Magazine
47 (July 2012), 74–75.
20.
“Report of Brig. Gen. Carnot Posey, C.S. Army” (July 29, 1863) and “Report of Col. N. H. Harris, Nineteenth Mississippi Infantry” (July 29, 1863), in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 2):633, 634; Tagg,
The Generals of Gettysburg
, 319; John L. Brady to J. B. Bachelder (May 24, 1886), in
Bachelder Papers
, 3:1389; Elwood W. Christ,
“Over a Wide, Hot … Crimson Plain”: The Struggle for the Bliss Farm at Gettysburg, July 2nd and 3rd, 1863
(Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1994), 20–30.
21.
“Report of Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, C.S. Army,” in
O.R.
, series one, 11 (pt. 1):945; Hal Bridges,
Lee’s Maverick General: Daniel Harvey Hill
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), 49–50; John W. De Peyster, “A Military Memoir of William Mahone, Major General in the Confederate Army,”
The Historical Magazine
10 (July 1871), 20; Kevin Levin, “William Mahone, the Lost Cause, and Civil War History,”
VMHB
113 (2005), 381; “Report of Brig. Gen. William Mahone” (July 10, 1863), in
O.R
., series one, 27 (pt. 2):621; Gottfried,
Brigades of Gettysburg
, 583; Freeman,
Lee’s Lieutenants
, 3:127–28.
22.
Foote, “Marching in Clover,” in
New Annals of the Civil War
, 281; “Letter from Lee’s Army” (July 15, 1863), in
Writing and Fighting from the Army of Northern Virginia
, 252; Teague,
Masters of the Field at Gettysburg
, 63, 71, 73–74; Zachery A. Fry, “ ‘Rally on Your Colors’: The 59th New York Volunteer Infantry from Antietam to Gettysburg,” unpublished honors thesis, Kent State University (December 2010), 153; Joseph Ripley Chandler Ward,
History of the One Hundred and Sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers
(Philadelphia: F. McManus, 1906), 400; William B. Judkins, “Memoir,” in 22nd Georgia Regiment, Gettysburg National Military Park Vertical Files [#7-GA22]; “Report of Brig. Gen. A. R. Wright, C.S. Army” (September 28, 1863), in
O.R.
, series one, 27 (pt. 2):624–25; C. H. Andrews, “Flag of the Third Georgia Regiment,”
Confederate Veteran
2 (July 1894), 201.