How Animals Grieve (28 page)

American Anthropological Association (AAA),
141–43

American bison: fascination with,
136–37
; grief-related behavior,
137–38
; human killed by,
135

American Bison
(Lott),
138

American Psychiatric Association,
122–23

American Sign Language,
141–43

Amvrakikos Gulf (Greece),
97–98

Amy (cat),
15
,
16–17
,
20

Anderson, James R.,
83
,
84
,
128–29

Angel (dog),
26
, 26–27

Angell, Tony,
93–96

animal-behavior science: areas for further research,
28–29
,
36
; cautions against anthropomorphism,
9
,
13–14
,
29
,
76
,
138
; event analysis and controlled experiments,
59
; recognition of differences within species,
8
; rethinking hierarchy,
3
,
5
; short-term positive association,
109–11
; social versus sexual monogamy,
90
.
See also
animal studies; emotional lives; scientific methods

“Animal” series (Reaktion Books),
86

animal studies: dog cognition,
24–25
; elephants and elephant bones,
58–59
; pair-bonding (voles),
73–74
; “separation experiments,”
15–16
; stress and depression,
48
.
See also
scientific methods

animal suicide.
See
suicide

Annabel (rabbit),
44–45

Anthony, Lawrence,
140

Anthropology News
(AAA newsletter),
142

anthropomorphism,
9
,
13–14
,
29
,
76
,
138

ants,
1–2

Ape
(Sorenson),
85

apes.
See
great apes

Archer, John,
49–50
,
146
,
163

Archie (orangutan),
78–79

art: Hachiko’s statue,
21–22
; memoirs of grief as,
7
,
145–52
; prehistoric creative expression via,
136
,
153
,
156–58
.
See also
literature; rituals

Asia, bear farms,
115–17

ASPCA, Companion Animal Mourning project,
27

“astrochimps,”
77–78

Attenborough, David,
64

Australopithecus afarensis
,
158

automobiles,
22–24

Baboon Metaphysics
(Cheney and Seyfarth),
70–71

Baboon Mothers and Infants
(Altmann),
65

baboons: Amboseli research on,
53
,
56
,
65
,
69
; grief-related behavior,
73
,
76
,
164
; predation data,
71–72
; sick infants among,
70–71
; stress responses,
72–73
,
74

Babs (gorilla),
130–31

Baghdad Zoo (Iraq),
140

Baker, Lucy,
58–59

Bales, Karen,
75

Bana (gorilla),
130

Barash, David,
89–90

Barry, Tyler,
70

Bar-Yosef Mayer, Daniella E.,
156

Bea (goat),
3
,
4

Bear (dog),
143

bears: bile collection from,
115–17
,
124
; humans killed by grizzlies,
136
; memorialization of,
112
,
141
; play of dogs and polar bears,
109–10
; responsibility for,
124

Bebe (gorilla),
130–31
,
132

Becky (gorilla),
132

Bekoff, Marc,
8
,
52
,
115
,
116

Bella (dog),
107
; burial site of,
107–9
,
165
; elephant’s bond with,
62
; elephant’s response to death of,
106–7

Berger, Joel,
138–39

Berlin (Germany), Holocaust memorial,
160

Berlin Zoo, Knut at,
112
,
141

Bernstein, Carl,
89

Betsy (owl monkey),
75–76

Better to Eat You With, The
(Berger),
139

Bib, Faysal,
54

Big Orange (cat),
19

bile farms,
115–17
,
124

birds: alleged monogamy,
89–90
; attachment to human,
91–92
; bonds,
88–89
,
90
,
92
; pair-bonding,
73
.
See also
chickens; crows; ducks; ravens

Birkett, Lucy,
123

Biro, Dora,
82

bison.
See
American bison

blackbirds,
90

Blombos Cave (South Africa),
156–57

Blondie (goat),
37–38

Blossum (chimpanzee),
128–29

Bobby (gorilla),
130–31
,
132

Boesch, Christophe,
83–86

Boesch-Achermann, Hedwige,
83–86

Bond, Melanie,
78–79
,
86

Boris (cat),
18

Bosch, Oliver J.,
73–74

Bossou (Guinea), chimpanzee illness,
81–83

Botswana, Moremi Game Reserve,
71–72
,
164

bottlenose dolphins,
97–100

Bradbury, Ray,
140–41

Bradshaw, Gay,
123

Breath
(Mason),
139–40

breathing, conscious versus automatic,
121

British Royal Navy sonar,
122

Brookfield Zoo (Chicago),
130–31

Brown, Jenny,
38

Brutus
(chimpanzee),
84–86
,
128

buffalo,
136
.
See also
American bison

bunnies.
See
rabbits

Burghardt, Gordon,
104–5

Burton, Maurice,
6

Bush, Mitchell,
79

Buster (pig),
39

Buzhilova, Alexandra,
153–54

Canada geese,
91–92

Canary Islands, dolphins off coast,
99

canines.
See
dogs

Cape Cod (MA), dolphin strandings,
101

Caramel (rabbit),
41

Carson (cat),
12
; companion of,
12–13
; death of,
11
,
13
; empty spaces left by,
16–17
; searching for Willa,
12
,
14
,
165

Castor (ox),
14–15

Çatalhöyük (Turkey), man-and-lamb burial,
156

cats: author’s,
19–20
,
113–14
; awareness of imminent death,
29
; cross-species grief,
18
,
111
; grief-related behavior,
11
,
13
,
14
,
17–19
,
165
; keening,
11
,
13
,
17
,
18
,
19
; memorials for,
112–14
; new companions for,
15
,
16–17
; rabbit tolerated by,
41
; stereotypes,
20
; territoriality,
18–19
; upset due to companion’s absence,
12–13
,
14
,
15
,
108
,
164

cave paintings,
136
,
153

CBS Sunday Morning
(television show),
62

Center for Great Apes (FL),
78

cetaceans.
See
dolphins; whales

Charming Quirks of Others, The
(McCall Smith),
22

chemicals: hormones,
72–74
; ketones released in human death,
29
; oleic acid released in ant death,
1–2
; ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA),
116
; ursodiol,
116

Cheney, Dorothy L.,
70–71

Chernobyl nuclear disaster,
138

Chicken
(Potts),
6
,
115

chickens: assumptions about,
3
; capacity for grief,
6
; rescue,
39
; slaughtering,
115
; “swimming pool rescue,”
5–6

Chile, dog rescue video,
22–23

chimpanzees: aggressive behavior,
79–80
,
126
,
129
,
165
; cognition,
2
,
24
; goats compared with,
5
; grief-related behavior in the wild,
80–86
,
126–28
,
164
; grief-related behavior in zoos,
128–30
; humans’ fascination with,
86–87
; language learning,
141–43
; maternal behavior variability,
36
; maternal corpse-carrying behavior,
81–83
; self-harm among captive,
123
; space flights,
77–78
; spiritual moments,
147
; tools,
79
,
125

China, alleged bear suicide,
115–17

Chippy (chimpanzee),
128–29
,
165

Clever Monkeys
(film),
64

Colorado, protective horse circle,
33–34

Companion Animal Mourning project (ASPCA),
27

Coren, Stanley,
13
,
23

corpse-carrying behavior: chimpanzees,
81–83
; dolphins,
98–99
; live infant carrying compared with,
83
; macaques,
67–69
.
See also
leaving body for viewing

corticotropin-releasing (CRF) factor,
74

corvids.
See
crows; ravens

Cote d’Ivoire, Tai Forest chimpanzees,
83–86
,
127
,
128
,
164

Cove, The
(film),
120–21

cows,
38

cross-species friendship: examples,
62
,
109–12
; obituaries of animals and,
141–44

cross-species grief: Dog Chapel,
140
; dogs and cats,
18
,
111
; dogs for humans,
21–22
,
25–26
,
30–31
; elephant for dog,
106–9
,
165
;
elephants
for human,
140
; goat and pony,
111–12
; memorializing,
112–14
.
See also
grief (human)

crows,
93–96

Cuniberti, Betty,
144

Current Biology
(journal),
128–29

Daily Mail
(UK),
115

Dandelion Wine
(Bradbury),
140–41

Daniel (cat),
19

Darkness Visible
(Styron),
49

Darwin, Charles,
117

David Graybeard (chimpanzee),
125

Davis, Ruth,
125–26
,
127
,
133

Dayton, Sue,
143

death: cat’s awareness of imminent,
29
; consciousness of living awakened by,
156
; corvids’ connection to,
92–96
; embodied knowledge of,
14
; human meaning-making around,
159–60
,
168–69
; on mass scale,
160–62
; shortly after companion’s death,
17
,
26–27
,
40
.
See also
corpse-carrying behavior; leaving body for viewing; rituals; suicide

Death in Yellowstone
(Whittlesey),
134–35

Debbie (cow),
38

declawing,
12
,
46–47

depression: in baboon,
73
; in horses,
35
; in humans,
48–49
,
122–23
; in rabbits,
43–44
,
47–48
; as response to absence,
9
,
18
,
35
,
40
; separation experiments and,
15
; as stress response,
48
,
49–50