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General Side Effecrs
Eroposide (VePesid)
Myelosuppression, anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting,
hypotension, anaphylaxis, a lopecia,
headache, peripheral neuropathy, central nervOliS system toxicity, fever, chills
Teniposide (VM-26)
Myelosuppression, tissue necrosis, fever,
hypotension, anaphylaxis, alopecia
Vinblasrine (Velban, Alkaban)
Myelosuppression, leukopenia, nausea,
vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, central
and peripheral neuropathy, tissue
necrosis
Vincristine (Oncovin, Vincasar)
Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, tissue necrosis, peripheral neuropathy,
constipation
Sources: Data from C Ciccone (ed). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,
1 996; D Moreau (ed), Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhollse,
1 996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (cds), Current Medical Diagnosis
and Trearmenr. New York: McGraw-HilI, 2000.
Table IV-1 5 .E Inrerferons (Chemorherapy Agenrs)
Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease
Mechanism of action: Provide antiviral and antineoplastic properties
Name
General Side Effecrs
Interferon alfa-2a
Fever, chills, malaise, dizziness, anorexia, bronchospasm, leukopenia,
hepatitis
Interferon alfa-2b
Fever, chills, malaise, dizziness, anorexia, leukopenia, hepatitis
Sources: Data from C Ciccone (ed). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,
1 996; D Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,
1 996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (eds). Current Medical Diagnosis
and Treatmem. New York: McCraw-Hili, 2000.
860
AClITE CARE HANDBOOK FOR PHYSICAL UIERAPISTS
Table I V-IS.G. Colony-Stimulating Factors (Chemotherapy AgentS)
Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease.
Mechanism of action: Colony-stimulating factors stimulate the production of
white blood cells and accelerate the recovery of bone marrow.
Generic Name (Trade Name)
Side Effects
Filgrastim ( Neupogen)
Medullary bone pain, nausea, vomiting, skeletal pain, diarrhea
Sargramostim (Leukine, Prokine)
Fever, malaise, na usea, diarrhea, anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, edema,
alopecia, rash, dyspnea
Sources: Data from C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemorhempy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,
1996; D Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,
t 996; and LM Tierney, 5J McPhee, MA Papadakis (cds). Current Medical Diagnosis
and Treatment. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Table l V- I S.H. Other Antineoplastic Agents (Chemotherapy Agents)
Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease
Mechanism of action:
Aminoglurerhimide-inhibits production of steroid hormones from adrenal
glands
Aldeslcukin-affects leukocyte function
Procarbazine-inhibits growth of cancer cells and blocks monoamine
oxidase in the central nervous system
Generic Name (Brand Name)
General Side Effects
Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
Drowsiness, dizziness, tachycardia)
hypotension, myalgia
Aldesleukin (IL-2)
Hypoglycemia, anemia
Procarbazine (Matulane)
Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression,
hallucinations, pleural effusion,
ceOlral nervous system and renal
toxicity
Sources: Data from C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,
1996; 0 Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,
1996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (eds). Current Medical Diagnosis
and Trearmenr. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
APPENDIX IV: PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS
861
Table IV- 16. Corricosteroids (In haled)
Indication: Stabilize and limit the inflammatory response (bronchoconstriction) in the respiratory tract
Mechanism of action: Unknown (may decrease the number and activiry of
inflammarory cells, inhibit bronchoconstriction mechanisms, or dirccrly
relax smooth muscle)
General side effects: Hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, immunosuppression, osteoporosis, decreased healing
Generic name (trade name): Beclomethasone (Beclovenr, Vanceril), budesonide (Pulmicort), f1unisolide (AeroBid), f1uticasone propionate (Flovent), triamcinolone aceronide (Azmacort)
ource: D3t3 from Drug Facts and Comparisons 2000 (54th cd). S[. Louis: Wohers
Kluwer, 2000.
Table IV-I? Diuretics
Indications: Heart failure, hypertension
Mechanism of action: Reduce preload and vascular volume
General side effects: Volume reduction, hypotension, arrhythmias, hyper- or
hypokalemia (Only potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to hyperkalemia,
all others generally lead to hypokalemia.)
Thiazides (generic name [trade name!): Bendrofluazide (Aprinox, Cenryl),
bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin), benthiazide (Exna, Hydrex),
chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorrhalidone (Hygroron) , cyclorhiazide
(Anhydron), cyclopenthiazide (Navidrex), hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex,
HydroDIURIL), hydroflumethiazide (Diucardin , Saluron) , indapamide
(Lozol, Natrilix), methyclothiazide (Enduron, Aquatenscn), metolazone
(Mykrox, Diulo, Zaroxolyn), poly thiazide (Renese), quinethazone
(Hydromox), trichlormcthiazide (Metahydrin, Naqua)
Loop (generic [trade name!): Bumetanide (Bumex), ethacrynic acid (Edecrin),
furosemide (Lasix, Furoside), frusemide (Frusetic, Frusid), pircranide (Arlix)
Potassium sparing (generic [ trade nameD: Amiloride (Midamor), potassium
canrenoate (Spiroctan-M), spironolactone (Aldactone), triamrerene
(Dyrenium)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (generic [ trade narnel): Acetazolamide
(Diarnox), dichlorphenamide (Daranide), methazolamide (Neprazane)
Source: Data from K Grimes, M Cohen. Cardiac Medicafions. In EA Hillegass, HS Sadowsky (cds), Esscnti"ls of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy (2nd cd). Philadelphia: Saunders, 2001 ;537-585.