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856
AClITE CARE HANDBOOK FOR PHYSICAL THERA1'ISTS
Table IV-1S .B. COlltillued
Generic Name
(Trade Name)
Side Effects
Daunorubicin
Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, tissue necrosis, sto
(Cerubidine)
matitis, alopecia, cardiotoxicity
Doxorubicin
Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, tissue necrosis,
(Adriamycin)
stomatitis, alopecia, cardiotoxiciry
Mitomycin
Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, tissue necrosis,
(Mutamycin)
stomatitis, pulmonary and renal toxicity
Mitoxantrone
Myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity (congestive heart
(Novantrone)
failure, arrhythmias), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, hepatic dysfunction, seizures
Plicamycin
Myelosuppression, central nervous system and renal
(Mithracin)
toxicity, nausea, vomiting, coagulation abnormalities,
tissue necrosis, weakness, malaise
Sources: Dam from C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1 996;
and D Moreau (ed). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse, 1996.
Table IV-IS.C. Antimetabolite Agents (Chemotherapy Agents)
Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease
Mechanism of action: Interfere with normal metabolites during DNA and
RNA biosynthesis
Generic Name
(Trade Name)
Side Effects
Cladribine (2-chlorode
Neutropenia, anemia, leukopenia, nausea, rash,
oxyadenosine)
chills, diaphoresis, arthralgia, myalgia, malaise
Cytarabine (Cyrosar-U)
Neurotoxicity, ataxia, nystagmus, keratitis,
nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, flulike
syndrome
Floxuridine (FUDR)
Anorexia, stomatitis, cramps, araxia, vercigo,
nystagmus, seizures, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
bleeding, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, erythema, alopecia, hiccups, jaundice
S -Fluorouracil (Adrucil) Ataxia, weakness, malaise, stomatitis, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, alopecia, dermatitis,
erchema, pain, burning, scaling, pruritus, confusion, disorientation
APPENDIX IV: PHAR..\1ACOLOGIC AGENTS
857
Generic Name
(Trade Name)
Side Effects
Hydroxyurea (Hydrea)
Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, leukopcnia, thromb�
ocytopenia, anemia, nausea, myelosuppression,
skin rash, renal and neuroroxicity
Mercapropurine
Nausea, vomiting, anorcxia, thrombocytopenia,
(Purinethol)
anemia, jaundice, hepatic necrosis, rash,
leukopenia
Methorrexate (Folex,
Pharyngitis, nausea, anemia, leukopenia, pulmo�
Mexatc, Rheumatrcx)
nary fibrosis
Thioguanine (Lanvis)
Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepato�
roxicity, nausea
Sources: D:na (rom C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,
1 996; 0 Moreau (cd). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,
1 996; and lM Tierney, Sj McPhee, MA I)apadakis (cds). Current Medical Diagnosis
and Treatment. New York: McGraw·Hill, 2000.
Table IV-IS.D. Hormones (Chemotherapy Agents)
Indications: Malignanr neoplasms, mctastatic disease
Mechanism of action: Inhibit growth of neoplasm; usually combined with
other chcmorherapy agems
Generic Name
(Trade Name)
General Side Effects
Anriestrogens
Tamoxifcn (Nol·
Nausea, vomiting, tmnsiem fall in
vadex)
white blood cell and platelet counts
Toremifene
Occasional fluid retemion, rare throm·
bosis, weight gain
Estrogens
Chlororrianisene
Nausea, leg cramps, thromboembolism,
(TACE)
cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary
embolism, myocardial infarction
Dieth ylstilbesrrol Nausea, leg cramps, thromboembo
(DES)
lism, cerebrovascular accidcnt,
pulmonary embolism, myocardial
infarction
Estradiol
Thromboembolism, nausea, leg cramps
(Oestradiol,
Valerate)
Medroxyproges·
Occasional fluid retention, rare throm·
terone
basis, weight gain
858
ACUTE CARE HANDBOOK FOR PHYSICAL THERAPISTS
Table lV-IS.D. Continued
Generic Name
(Trade Name)
General Side Effecrs
Ad renocortico-
Prednisone (DeI-
Euphoria, insomnia, muscle weakness,
steroids
tasone, Ora-
osteoporosis, congestive heart failure,
sone)
hypertension, delayed wound healing
Prednisolone
Euphoria, insomnia, muscle weakness,
(Delra-Corref)
osteoporosis, congestive heart failure,
hypertension, delayed wound healing
Androgens
Fluoxymesterone Edema, nausea, vomiring, thrombo-
(Android-F)
cytopenia
Anriandrogcns
Flutamide
Drowsiness, confusion, numbness,
(Eulexin)
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hor
flashes
Anasrra:z.ole
Occasional fluid retention, rare thrombosis, weight gain
Aromarase
Aminoglure-
Skin rash, weight gain, fluid retenrion,
inhibitor
thimide
leg cramps, jaundice
Gonadorropin-
Leuprolide
HOt flashes, pulmonary embolism,
releasing
(Lupron)
arrhythmia, angina, myocardial
hormone
infarction
drugs
Goserelin acetate Hot flashes, pulmonary embolism,
arrhythmia, angina, myocardial
infarction
Goserelin
Lethargy, pain, arrhythmia, congestive
(Zoladex)
heart failure, hypertension,
myocardial infarction, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, upper
respiratory tract infections
Megestrol
Hypertension, edema, thrombo
(Megace)
phlebitis, nausea, vomiting, carpal
runnel syndrome
Anticachetics
Megestrol
Occasional fluid retenrion, rare thromacetate
bosis, weight gain
Sources: Data from C Ciccone (cd). Cancer Chemotherapy. Philadelphia: FA Davis,
1 996; D Moreau (ed). Nursing '96 Drug Handbook. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse,
1996; and LM Tierney, SJ McPhee, MA Papadakis (cds). Current Medical Diagnosis and
Treannem. New York: McGraw-Hili, 2000.
APPE.NDIX IV: I'HARMACOLOGIC AGENTS
859
Table I V-1 5_E_ Plant Alkaloids (Chemorherapy Agents)
Indications: Malignant neoplasms, metastatic disease
Mechanism of action: Disrupt the mitotic apparatus and cause death of the
ca ncerous cell
Generic Name (Trade Name)