Invisible Chains (44 page)

Protection Project, The,
26
–
27

psychological control

by Nakpangi,
124

trauma bonds,
84
,
85

of victims,
80
,
83
–
85
,
113
–
14
,
115
,
124

Q

Quebec

criminal charges for Trafficking,
127

treatment of victims,
99
–
101

R

Ramsay, David,
161
–
65

rape

as control of victim,
78

crisis lines,
181

effects of,
31

by husband,
66

resulting in pregnancy,
171

in sex trade,
12
,
13
,
53
,
214

Rashan (stowaway),
50

Raymond, Janice G.,
157

RCMP

and ACT Alberta,
109

Criminal Intelligence Unit,
34

and cross-border smuggling,
47
–
49
,
52
–
53

documenting of brutality,
53

Human Trafficking National Coordination Centre,
120
,
138
–
39
,
183
,
226

identifying victims,
110

Immigration and Passport Branch,
138
,
171

and immigration offi cials,
146

and international child exploitation,
18

investigations of human Trafficking,
29

Liaison Offi cers,
178
,
194

massage parlour raids,
108

National Child Exploitation Coordination Centre,
194
,
222
,
227

and pimps' internet use,
73
–
74

Project Surrender,
29

Sex Crime Investigations Unit,
74

training of police forces,
139
–
41

treatment of victims,
110

undercover investigations,
137

Youth Intervention Unit,
74

recovery centres, in Cambodia,
13
–
14

recruitment and control methods

befriending,
58
,
63
,
66
,
92
–
93

brainwashing,
84

branding (tattoos),
83

cellphones,
76

degradation,
80

deprivation,
82

dominance,
80

drugs and alcohol,
58
,
62
,
88
,
89
,
93
,
97
–
98
,
116

exhaustion,
80

fear of prosecution,
141
–
42

forcible confi nement,
78
,
88

global positioning systems,
76
–
66

group homes,
88

indulgence,
80
,
113
–
14

internet,
71
–
77

isolation,
67
,
79
,
81
–
82

love bombing,
61
–
62

psychological control,
80
,
83
–
85
,
113
–
14
,
115
,
124

rape,
62

rules for traffi ckers,
81

street gangs,
62
,
66
,
180
–
81

threats,
80
,
86
–
87
,
88

torture,
79
–
80

trauma bonds,
84
,
85

truck stops,
95

violence,
63
,
66
,
70
,
78
,
88
,
89

women's shelters,
88

Red Notices,
195

Redsky, Diane,
94
,
96
,
153

Report of the Canada–U.S. Consultation

in Preparation for World Congress III

Against Sexual Exploitation of Children

and Adolescents,
194

Rescue and Restore campaign,
209

Richardson, Steve,
50

Rico, Loly,
31
,
42
,
142
,
147

S

Sabrina (First Nations),
92
–
95

Sachi Professional Massage and Spa,
43

Saengchanh, Noi,
4

safe houses,
149
–
50

Salvation Army,
80
,
84
,
95
,
153

Samantha (Toronto),
69
–
71
,
123
–
25
,
138

Sandra (Prince George),
163
,
164

Sarah (B.C.),
71
–
72
,
129

Sarun (Cambodia),
13
,
14

Saryboyadijan, Manoudshag,
174

Saskatoon Police,
94

Schwartz, Mark,
34
,
58
,
75
,
114

Scotians, The (North Preston's Finest/ NPF),
112
–
14

Seinfeld
(TV series),
68

Senate Committee on Social Affairs,

Science and Technology,
129

sentences in criminal cases

adequacy of,
138

aim of,
127
–
28

Leonard-St. Vil,
126

minimum recommended,
128

Nakpangi,
124
,
125

Ng,
133
,
134

“one-for-one” credit,
129

practices,
127

Sevey (Cambodian girl),
xiv
–
xv

sex industry

in Australia,
214
–
15

in Belgium,
198
–
201

and biker gangs,
112

in Brampton (Ont.),
69

child statistics,
23

demand for,
159
–
61

domestic Trafficking,
57
–
67

income from,
25

in Italy,
202
–
5

in Mississsauga (Ont.),
69

in New Zealand,
215

in Sweden,
210
–
14
,
212

Trafficking in children,
51
–
52

in U.S.,
205
–
10

sex offenders

identifying,
222

international cooperation against,
193
–
96

use of internet,
72
–
73

sex tourism industry,
16
–
17

challenges to laws,
20
–
22

combatting,
231
–
32

countries favoured,
23

and law enforcement,
24
–
25

laws against,
19
–
22
,
20

legislation, Canadian,
19

sex tourists.
See
child sex tourism;

pedophiles

sex Trafficking

domestic,
112
–
16

income from,
111
–
12

in N.S.,
112
–
14

sexually transmitted diseases,
22
,
28
,
74
,
84
,
158
,
169
,
188
,
214

Shared Hope International,
79
,
85
,
159

Sharpe, Robin,
20

Shu-fei (Vancouver),
103
–
4

Sisters of the Good Shepherd,
173

Skene, Catherine,
4

slave trade

Black Loyalists,
112

in children,
25

and corruption,
25
–
26

effect of poverty,
25

illegality in Canada,
6

and international law,
7

slavery,
6
–
7

Smith, Joy,
128
–
29
,
218

Smith, Linda,
159

Snow, Melissa,
85

social networking sites.
See
Facebook; internet

social networks, lack of,
87

Solberg, Monte,
xviii
,
32

Somebody's Daughter
(book),
113

South Korea, smuggling in N. America,
47
–
49
,
50
,
51
,
182

Southeast Asia

economy and sex trade,
25

impunity and child slavery,
25
–
26

movement of pedophiles in,
24

special residence permits (Italy),
203
–
4

Srey Mao (Cambodia),
12
–
14

sting operations,
209

Stop Sex with Kids campaign,
181

street gangs,
83

Haitian,
114

Jamaican,
53
,
114

Ledbury Banff Crips,
89
–
90

methods of recruitment,
180
–
81

North Preston's Finest,
112
–
14
,
149
,
226

as recruiters,
180

role in recruitment,
62
,
66

Wolf Pack,
165

street outreach teams,
203
–
4

Streetlight Support Services,
159
,
166
,
188

StreetReach,
184

strip clubs,
43
–
44

work in,
60
,
61

Sullivan, Sabrina,
25

Svetlana (Eastern Europe),
103
,
155

Sweden

best practices,
213

combatting humSan Trafficking,
210
–
13

crime of purchasing sex,
215
–
16

legalization of prostitution,
213
–
16

plan of action,
210
,
211
–
13

traffi ckers in,
212

treatment of johns,
210
–
11

Swedish National Police,
212

T

Taken
(fi lm),
52

Tasha (United States),
100
–
1

tattoos.
See
branding and tattoos

Tavcer, Scharie,
142

Temporary Foreign Workers Program,
176
,
177

temporary residence permits,
108
,
110
,
143
–
45
,
147
–
48
,
150
–
52
,
153

in Belgium,
199
–
200

in United States,
206

Terri-Lynn (Vancouver),
168

Thailand, pedophiles in,
23
–
24

Thérèse (Democratic Republic of theCongo),
5
–
6
,
36
,
109
–
10
,
145
,
150
,
153
,
224

threats, as control method,
80

Todd, Ian,
xviii

Toronto, child Trafficking in,
40

Toronto Police Service,
101
,
134
,
139
,
155

Sex Crimes Unit,
134
,
155
,
156

Special Victims Unit,
58
,
140
,
142
–
43

Torske, David,
3
,
4

torture,
79
–
80

Tracia's Trust,
184

traffi ckers.
See also
recruitment and control methods

control of victims,
8
–
9

cooperation between,
59

female,
88
–
91

methods of,
34
,
37
,
42
–
43

methods of coercion,
52
–
53
,
54

motives,
111

playbooks,
67
–
68

in Sweden,
212

use of internet,
71
–
77

victim breaking bond with,
85
–
86

Trafficking in Persons Report,
23
,
48
,
131
,
136
,
194

Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000,
205
–
7

Trafficking Victims Protection

Reauthorization Act of 2003
,
207

transit countries,
48
–
49

transition houses,
149

Transnational AIDS Prevention Among

Migrant Prostitutes in Europe

Project,
203

Transparency International,
26

trauma bonds,
84
,
85

travel documents

confi scation of,
1
,
170
,
172
,
234

fake,
30

illegal,
1
–
2
,
34

withholding of,
44