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132.
Date: June 28, 1988
Target: U.S. Defense Attache William Nordeen
Location: Athens, Greece
Details: Nordeen left his home
en route
to work, driving a partially armored car. About 100 meters from his residence, he drove past a parked car containing a bomb. Two November 17 terrorists on a nearby motorcycle detonated the bomb, throwing Nordeen's car 18 feet. Nordeen's body was found 30 feet from his car. The terrorists escaped.

133.
Date: September 20, 1988
Target: Information Minister Joseph Skaff
Location: Beirut, Lebanon
Details: A car bomb exploded, killing three people, wounding 25, and destroying 25 cars. Skaff and three bodyguards were among the injured.

134.
Date: September 28, 1988
Target: Texaco Executive
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: The executive was being driven home from work in his armored car when a remote-control bomb was detonated. The device was concealed in a cart along the road, but was set off a fraction of a second too soon. The executive, his driver, and his bodyguard all survived.
(2-STARS: Protective Strategies or Resources at the scene favorably influenced safety/survival.)

135.
Date: January 25, 1989
Target: Military Commander Gustavo Martinez
Location: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Details: Rebels, disguised as telephone repairmen, opened fire on Martinez's car at a stop sign three blocks from his house. He and his driver were killed. He had refused to use bodyguards.

136.
Date: March 17, 1989
Target: Congressman Moises Espinosa
Location: Manila, Philippines
Details: Espinosa was walking from his airplane to his car when a gunman opened fire with an assault rifle, killing him and two others. The killer escaped on a motorcycle.

137.
Date: April 19, 1989
Target: Attorney General Roberto Alvarado
Location: El Salvador, San Salvador
Details: Leftist guerrillas placed a bomb on the top of Alvarado's armored Jeep Cherokee while it was stopped in traffic. It exploded, killing him.

138.
Date: April 21, 1989
Target: Military Commander James Rowe
Location: Manila, Philippines
Details: Gunmen pulled alongside Rowe's armored car in a traffic circle two blocks from his office. They opened fire with a .45 pistol and an M-16, hitting Rowe in the back of the head. He was killed and his Filipino driver was wounded.

139.
Date: May 16, 1989
Target: Moslem Leader Hassan Khaled
Location: Beirut, Lebanon
Details: Khaled was riding in a motorcade when a car bomb exploded, killing him, the driver, and three others. Four riot police in the lead vehicle were also killed.

140.
Date: May 30, 1989
Target: Police Chief Maza Marquez
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: Marquez was
en route
to the office in an armored limousine when a car bomb exploded, killing a bodyguard and three others, and wounding 38 people, including seven bodyguards. Marquez was injured slightly. He was scheduled to attend an international conference on protecting officials.
(2-STARS: Protective Strategies or Resources at the scene favorably influenced safety/survival.)

141.
Date: June 9, 1989
Target: Cabinet Minister Jose Rodriguez
Location: San Salvador, El Salvador
Details: As Rodriguez walked out of his home and was getting into his car, a gunman on a motorcycle shot him three times in the chest, killing him, his driver, and a groundskeeper. He did not have bodyguards.

142.
Date: July 4, 1989
Target: Governor Roldan Betancur
Location: Medellin, Colombia
Details: A car bomb exploded as Betancur's armored limousine drove past, killing him, two bodyguards, two pedestrians, and a councilman in the car. Another bodyguard was seriously wounded. The Medellin Drug Cartel was blamed.

143.
Date: August 16, 1989
Target: Magistrate Judge Carlos Valencia Garcia
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: Medellin Drug Cartel gunmen, riding on two motorcycles and in a taxi, ambushed Garcia after he left his office in his car. They shot him six times with automatic weapons, and he later died at the hospital. His body armor was thwarted when he was struck in the neck and the armpit areas. His three bodyguards were wounded.

144.
Date: August 18, 1989
Target: Police Commander W. F. Quintero
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: Quintero departed his home in a limousine when he was cut off by a carload of five Medellin Drug Cartel gunmen. They opened fire, spraying over one hundred rounds into Quintero and his bodyguard. Quintero had recently assigned most of his bodyguards to protect judges.

145.
Date: August 18, 1989
Target: Presidential Candidate (Senator) L. C. Galan
Location: Soacha, Colombia
Details: Galan was speaking at a political rally when seven Medellin Drug Cartel gunmen opened fire with automatic weapons, wounding several people. Galan was wearing a bullet-resistant vest, but was struck in the neck and stomach. He later died at the hospital, along with Councilman Julio Penalosa. On August 5, Galan escaped an assassination attempt in Medellin by the drug cartel.

146.
Date: September 11, 1989
Target: Former Mayor Pablo Gonzalez
Location: Medellin, Colombia
Details: Two gunmen opened fire with 9mm pistols on Gonzalez's BMW sedan as he was driving to work. He and his driver were killed.

147.
Date: October 17, 1989
Target: Federal Judge Hector Rodriguez
Location: Medellin, Colombia
Details: Rodriguez was getting into his car at his home when two Medellin Drug Cartel gunmen on a motorcycle pulled up and shot him six times, killing him.

148.
Date: October 27, 1989
Target: State Assemblyman G. J. Santamaria
Location: Medellin, Colombia
Details: Santamaria was sitting at his office desk when a gunman walked in and opened fire with an automatic weapon, killing him. Bodyguards returned fire, killing the gunman.

149.
Date: November 1, 1989
Target: Federal Judge Mariela Espinoza
Location: Medellin, Colombia
Details: Espinoza arrived home, escorted by two motorcycle officers. As she opened the garage door, two cars loaded with gunmen drove past, firing automatic weapons. She was struck 13 times and died. She had survived two previous attempts on her life.

150.
Date: November 1, 1989
Target: Congressman Luis Madero
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: Madero arrived in a taxi, along with his bodyguard. A drug cartel assassin opened fire from the shadows, killing him.

151.
Date: November 1, 1989
Target: Embassy Official M. Ali Marzouqi
Location: Beirut, Lebanon
Details: Marzouqi was getting into his limousine when three Islamic Jihad gunmen opened fire with silenced weapons, killing him and wounding his driver.

152.
Date: November 22, 1989
Target: President Rene Mouawad
Location: Beirut, Lebanon
Details: Mouawad was riding in his armored Mercedes in a ten-car motorcade when a remote-controlled bomb exploded, hurling his limousine off the street. Mouawad, ten bodyguards, and 13 others were killed, and 36 were injured. The 400-pound bomb was hidden in a small shop along the street.

153.
Date: November 28, 1989
Target: Politician F. Jose Guerrero
Location: San Salvador, El Salvador
Details: Leftist guerrilla gunmen opened fire on Guerrero's car, killing him and wounding his bodyguard. Another bodyguard returned fire, killing one attacker.

154.
Date: November 30, 1989
Target: Bank Executive Alfred Herrhausen
Location: Bad Homburg, West Germany
Details: Herrhausen was riding to work in an armored Mercedes Benz when a remote-controlled bomb exploded, killing him and seriously injuring his driver. The 20 kg. bomb with a copper plate, planted by Red Army Faction terrorists, was hidden in the pouch of a bicycle parked along the street. A photo cell armed the device as the lead car of bodyguards drove past it, and Herrhausen's car triggered the switch, blowing the copper plate through Herrhausen's armored door and severing his femoral artery. The bodyguards in the lead and follow-up car were not injured. No one has ever been charged in his murder.

155.
Date: January 5, 1990
Target: Mayor Javier Hizon
Location: Angeles, Philippines
Details: Communist guerrillas gunned down Hizon and his bodyguard outside Hizon's home as they were leaving for work.

156.
Date: January 18, 1990
Target: Mayor Hitoshi Motoshima
Location: Nagasaki, Japan
Details: A man shot Motoshima in the back and killed him as he was leaving city hall, because he had made remarks against former Emperor Hirohito.

157.
Date: March 22, 1990
Target: Presidential Candidate Bernardo Jaramillo
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: Jaramillo walked into the Bogota International Airport when a gunman opened fire with an automatic weapon, striking him twice in the throat and twice in the abdomen. Bodyguards returned fire, wounding the gunman. Jaramillo later died at the hospital.

158.
Date: March 30, 1990
Target: Polish Diplomat Budgan Zbigniew
Location: Beirut, Lebanon
Details: Zbigniew was parking his car near the Bristol Hotel when gunmen opened fire with automatic weapons, wounding him and his wife.

159.
Date: April 24, 1990
Target: Opposition Leader Kazem Rajavi
Location: Geneva, Switzerland
Details: Rajavi was driving home when a car blocked the road and two occupants opened fire with 9mm submachine guns, killing him. The gunmen escaped.

160.
Date: April 25, 1990
Target: Opposition Leader Oskar Lafontaine
Location: Bonn, West Germany
Details: After a campaign rally, a woman who asked for his autograph stabbed Lafontaine in the neck. Her knife was hidden in her bouquet of flowers.

161.
Date: April 26, 1990
Target: Presidential Candidate Carlos Pizarro
Location: Bogota, Colombia
Details: Pizarro was flying aboard an Avianca Boeing 727 when a gunman came out of the lavatory with a submachine gun and opened fire, hitting Pizzaro 15 times and killing him. Bodyguards returned fire, killing the gunman.

162.
Date: May 21, 1990
Target: Senator Federico Belez
Location: Medellin, Colombia
Details: Belez was stopped at a traffic light when two gunmen on a motorcycle pulled alongside and opened fire, killing Belez and his driver.

163.
Date: July 20, 1990
Target: B. F. Goodrich Company Executive
Location: La Molina, Peru
Details: The executive, his driver, and two of his bodyguards were killed when a Shining Path terrorist group attacked his two-car convoy. They pulled a tanker truck across the road, blocking their path, and fired a barrage of gunfire and bombs.

164.
Date: July 24, 1990
Target: Prosecutor Maria Restrepo
Location: Uraba, Colombia
Details: Three gunmen opened fire as Restrepo left her office, killing her and her bodyguard. The gunmen were with a right-wing death squad.

165.
Date: July 27, 1990
Target: Ministry Official Hans Neusel
Location: Bonn, West Germany
Details: Neusel was driving himself in a BMW sedan when a roadside bomb exploded, destroying his car. He was only wounded. The device was planted by the Red Army Faction and activated by a light beam.

166.
Date: July 31, 1990
Target: Parliament Member Ian Gow
Location: Hankham, England
Details: Gow was backing his car out of his carport when an IRA bomb planted underneath exploded, killing him.

167.
Date: July 30, 1990
Target: PLO Official Younis Awwad
Location: Sidon, Lebanon
Details: Awwad was traveling in a two-car motorcade when a remote-controlled bomb planted along the road exploded, wounding him and killing two bodyguards.

168.
Date: September 19, 1990
Target: Former Governor Peter Terry
Location: Milford, England
Details: Terry was reading at home when an IRA gunman fired through his window, wounding him and his wife.