Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (161 page)

86.
Ibid.,
page 367.

87.
Gluck,
Op. cit.,
page 218.

88.
Johnston, Op.
cit.,
page 368.

89.
Ibid.,
page 372.

90.
Conrad, Op.
cit.,
page 504.

91.
Johnston, Op.
cit.,
page 374.

92.
Magee, Op.
cit.,
page 96.

93.
Ibid.

94.
Ben Rogers,
A. J. Ayer: A Life,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1999, pages 86–87.

95.
Magee,
Op. cit.,
pages 102–103.

96.
Ibid.,
page 103.

97.
Rogers, Op.
cit.,
pages 91–92.

98.
Johnston,
Op. cit.,
page 195.

99.
Robert Musil,
Der Mann Ohne Eigenschaften,
1930–1943;
The Man Without Qualities,
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995, (trans) Sophie Wilkins. In this section I am especially indebted to: Philip Payne,
Robert Musil’s ‘The Man without Qualities’,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988,
passim.

100.
Johnston, Op.
cit.,
page 335.

101.
Franz Kuna, ‘The Janus-faced Novel: Conrad, Musil, Kafka, Mann,’ in Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane (editors),
Modernism, Op. cit.,
page 449.

102.
Ronald Speirs and Beatrice Sandburg,
Franz Kafka, Op. cit.,
pages 1 and 5.

103.
Speirs and Sandburg,
Op. cit.,
page 15.

104.
P. Mailloux,
A Hesitation Before Birth: A Life of Franz Kafka,
London and Toronto: Associated Universities Presses, 1989, page 13.

105.
Ibid.,
page 352.

106.
Speirs and Sandburg, Op.
cit.,
pages 105ff.

107.
Mailloux, Op.
cit.,
page 355.

108.
Richard Davenport-Hines,
Auden,
London: Heinemann, 1995, page 26.

109.
Alan Bullock,
Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives,
London: HarperCollins, 1991; Fontana Paperback, 1993, page 148.

110.
Ibid.,
page 149.

111.
Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf,
published in English as ‘My Struggle’, London: Hurst & Blackett, The Paternoster Press, October 1933 (eleven impressions by October 1935); and see Bullock,
Op. cit.,
pages 405–406.

112.
George L. Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich, New York: Howard Festig, 1998.

113.
Ibid.,
pages 39ff for Langbehn, pages 72ff for the Edda and pages 52ff for Diederichs.

114.
Ibid.,
pages 102–103.

115.
Ibid.,
page 99.

116.
Ibid.,
page 155.

117.
Werner Maser,
Hitler: Legend, Myth and Reality,
New York: Harper & Row, 1973, page 157.

118.
Ibid.,
page 158.

119.
Ibid.,
page 159.

120.
Mosse,
Op. cit.,
pages 89–91.

121.
Maser,
Op. cit.,
page 162.

122.
Mosse,
Op. cit.,
pages 95, 159 and 303.

123.
Percy Schramm,
Hitler: The Man and the Military Leader,
London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1972, pages 77–78.

124.
Maser,
Op. cit.,
pages 42ff.

125.
Ibid.,
page 165.

126.
Ibid.,
page 167.

127.
Mosse,
Op. cit.,
page 295.

128.
Maser, Op.
cit.,
page 169.

129.
Ibid.,
page 135.

130.
Schramm, Op.
cit.,
pages 84ff

131.
Maser,
Op. cit.,
page 154.

1.
J. B. Bury,
The Idea of Progress,
London: Macmillan, 1920.

2.
Ibid.,
pages 98ff.

3.
Ibid.,
pages 291ff.

4.
Ibid.,
pages 177ff.

5.
Ibid.,
page 192.

6.
Ibid.,
pages 335ff.

7.
Ibid.,
page 278.

8.
Ibid.,
page 299.

9.
Ibid.,
page 334.

10.
See also
ibid.,
pages 78ff. Ernest Gellner, in
Plough, Sword and Book: The Structure of Human History, Op. cit.,
argues that progress is essentially an economic, capitalist, idea. See page 140.

11.
Howard Carter and A. C. Mace,
The Tomb of Tut*Ankh*Amen,
London: Cassell, 1923, volume 1, page 78.

12.
C. W. Ceram,
Gods, Graves and Scholars,
London: Victor Gollancz, 1951, page 183.

13.
Carter and Mace,
Op. cit.,
page 87.

14.
Ceram,
Op. cit.,
page 184.

15.
Carter and Mace,
Op. cit.,
page 96.

16.
Ceram, Op.
cit.,
page 186.

17.
See photographs in Carter and Mace,
Op. cit.,
at page 132.

18.
Ceram,
Op. cit.,
page 188; Carter and Mace, Op.
cit.,
pages 151ff.

19.
See Carter and Mace, Op.
cit.,
page 178, for a list of those present.

20.
Ceram, Op.
cit.,
page 193.

21.
Ibid.,
page 195.

22.
See Carter and Mace,
Op. cit.,
Appendix, pages 189ff, for a list.

23.
Ceram,
Op. cit.,
page 198.

24.
Ibid.,
page 199.

25.
Ibid.,
pages 199–200.

26.
C. Leonard Woolley,
The Sumerians,
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1929, page 6.

27.
Ibid.,
page 27.

28.
Ceram,
Op. cit.,
page 309; Woolley, Op.
cit.,
page 43.

29.
Ceram,
Op. cit.,
page 311.

30.
Woolley,
Op. cit.,
page 31.

31.
Ceram, Op.
cit.,
pages 311–312.

32.
Woolley, Op.
cit.,
pages 30–32.

33.
Leonard Woolley,
Excavations at Ur,
London: Ernest Benn, 1954, page 251.

34.
Ceram, Op.
cit.,
page 315.

35.
Ibid.,
page 316.

36.
Woolley, Excavations at Ur, Op. cit., page 91.

37.
Ceram,
Op. cit.,
page 316.

38.
Woolley,
Excavations at Ur, Op. cit.,
page 37. See Woolley,
The Sumerians, Op. cit.,
page 36, for photographs of early arches.

39.
Ceram, Op.
cit.,
page 312.

40.
Frederic Kenyon,
The Bible and Archaeology,
London: George Harrap, 1940, page 155.

41.
Ibid.,
page 156.

42.
Ibid.,
page 158.

43.
Frederic Kenyon,
Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts,
London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1958, page 30.

44.
Kenyon, The Bible and Archaeology, Op. cit., pages 160–161.

45.
C. W. Ceram, The First Americans, Op. cit., page 126.

46.
Ibid.

47.
A. E. Douglass,
Climatic Cycles and Tree Growth, volumes I–III,
Washington
D
.
C
., Carnegie Institution, 1936, pages 2 and 116–122.

48.
Ibid.,
pages 105–106.

49.
Ceram, The First Americans, Op. cit., page 128.

50.
See Douglass,
Op. cit.,
page 125 for a discussion about the dearth of sunspots at times in the past.

51.
Herbert Butterfield,
The Whig Interpretation of History,
London: G. Bell, 1931.

52.
Ibid.,
pages 37 and 47.

53.
Ibid.,
pages 27ff.

54.
Ibid.,
page 96.

55.
Ibid.,
page 107.

56.
Ibid.,
page 111.

57.
Ibid.,
page 123.

1.
Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Op. cit., page 134.

2.
C. P. Snow,
The Search,
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958, page 88.

3.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 137.

4.
Wilson, Rutherford: Simple Genius, Op. cit., page 404.

5.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 137.

6.
Moore, Niels Bohr, The Man and the Scientist, Op. cit., page 21.

7.
Stefan Rozental (editor),
Niels Bohr,
Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1967, page 137, quoted in Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 114.

8.
See Moore,
Op. cit.,
pages 80ff for the voltage required to make electrons ‘jump’ out of their orbits; see also pages 122–123 for the revised periodic table; see also Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 115.

9.
Emilio Segrè,
From X-Rays to Quarks,
London and New York: W. H. Freeman, 1980, page 124.

10.
Helge Kragh,
Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999, page 160, for a table of visitors to Copenhagen.

11.
Paul Strathern,
Bohr and Quantum Theory,
London: Arrow, 1998, pages 70–72.

12.
Moore, Op.
cit.,
page 137.

13.
Strathern, Op.
cit.,
page 74.

14.
Werner Heisenberg,
Physics and Beyond,
New York: Harper, 1971, page 38; quoted in Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 116.

15.
Moore, Op.
cit.,
page 138.

16.
Heisenberg, Op.
cit.,
page 61, quoted in Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
pages 116–117.

17.
Strathern, Op.
cit.,
page 77.

18.
Moore, Op.
cit.,
page 139.

19.
Snow, The Physicists, Op. cit., page 68.

20.
Moore,
Op. cit.,
page 14.

21.
Kragh,
Op. cit.,
page 164–165 for the mathematics.

22.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 128; Moore,
Op. cit.,
page 143; Kragh,
Op. cit.,
page 165.

23.
Heisenberg, Op.
cit.,
page 77; quoted in Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
page 130.

24.
Moore,
Op. cit.,
page 151.

25.
John A. Wheeler and W. H. Zurek (editors).
Quantum Theory and Measurement,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983, quoted in Kragh, Op.
cit.,
page 209.

26.
Gerald Holton,
Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1973, page 120.

27.
Kragh, Op.
cit.,
page 170 for a table.

28.
Wilson, Op.
cit.,
pages 444–446. See also: Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
page 153.

29.
Ibid.,
page 449.

30.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 154.

31.
Ibid.,
page 155.

32.
Andrew Brown,
The Neutron and the Bomb, A Biography of James Chadwick,
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, page 8.

33.
Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
pages 155–156.

34.
Kragh, Op.
cit.,
page 185.

35.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
page 160.

36.
Brown, Op.
cit.,
page 102.

37.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
pages 161–162.

38.
Brown,
Op. cit.,
page 104; see also: James Chadwick, ‘Some personal notes on the search for the neutron,’
Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Congress of the History of Science, 1964,
page 161, quoted in Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
page 162. These accounts vary slightly.

39.
Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
pages 163–164; Brown, Op.
cit.,
page 105.

40.
Kragh, Op.
cit.,
page 185.

41.
Brown,
Op. cit.,
page 106.

42.
Timothy Ferris,
The Whole Shebang: A State of the Universe(s) Report,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. page 41.

43.
Gale Christianson,
Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae,
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, paperback edition, 1996, page 199. See also: John Gribbin,
Copernicus to the Cosmos,
London: Phoenix, 1997, pages 2 and 186ff.

44.
Clark,
Einstein, Op. cit.,
page 213. See also: Banesh Hoffmann,
Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel,
London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1973, page 215.

45.
Ferris, Op.
cit.,
page 42.

46.
Christianson, Op.
cit.,
page 199; Ferris, Op.
cit.,
page 43.