Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (159 page)

136.
‘The Discipline of Construction, leader Rodchenko’, in Noever, Op.
cit.,
page 237.

1.
Oswald Spengler,
The Decline of the West,
translated by Charles Francis Atkinson, published in two volumes: volume one:
Der Untergang des Abendlandes: Gestalt und Wirklichkeit,
Munich: C. H. Beck’sche Verlags Buchhandlung, 1918; and volume two:
Der Untergang des Abendlandes: Welt Historische Perspektiven,
same publisher, 1922.

2.
See also: Herman, The Idea of Decline in Western History, Op. cit., page 228.

3.
Ibid.,
pages 231–232.

4.
Arthur Helps (editor and translator),
Spengler Letters,
London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966, page 17. Herman, Op.
cit.,
pages 233–234.

5.
Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 234.

6.
Ibid.,
page 235.

7.
Spengler, Op.
cit.,
volume one, page 21.

8.
Spengler,
Op. cit.,
volume two, page 90. See also: Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 240.

9.
Helps, Op.
cit.,
page 31, letter to Hans Klöres, 25 October 1914.

10.
Thomas Mann,
Diaries, 1918–1939,
entry for 2 July 1919, Frankfurt, 1979–82, Peter de Mendelssohn (editor), pages 61–64.

11.
Herman, Op.
cit.,
pages 244–245.

12.
Helps, Op.
cit.,
page 133, letter to Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, 18 September, 1923.

13.
Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 246–247.

14.
Bruce Arnold,
Orpen: Mirror to an Age,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1981, page 365. ‘The Signing of the Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, 28 June 1919’, oil on canvas, 60×50 inches, is in the Imperial War Museum, London.

15.
D. E. Moggridge,
Maynard Keynes: An Economist’s Biography,
London and New York: Roudedge, 1992, page 6. Women were not allowed to graduate at Cambridge until 1947.

16.
Robert Skidelsky,
John Maynard Keynes, volume one: Hopes Betrayed,
London: Macmillan, 1983, page 131.

17.
Ibid.,
page 176.

18.
Moggridge, Op.
cit.,
pages 282–283.

19.
Skidelsky, Op.
cit.,
page 382.

20.
John Howard Morrow,
The Great War in the Air: Military Aviation from 1909–1921,
Washington D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993, page 354.

21.
Trevor Wilson,
The Myriad Faces of War: Britain and the Great War, 1914–1918,
Cambridge: Polity Press, 1986, pages 839–841.

22.
Moggridge,
Op. cit.,
pages 341ff; Skidelsky, Op.
cit.,
pages 397ff; Etienne Mantoux,
The Carthaginian Peace; or, The Economic Consequences of Mr Keynes,
London: Oxford University Press, 1946.

23.
The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) is now available as volume II (1971) of The Collected
Writings of John Maynard Keynes
(30 vols 1971–1989), Managing Editors Sir Austin Robinson and Donald Moggridge, London: Macmillan, 1971–1989.

24.
John Fairbanks,
China, Op. cit.,
pages 267–268. Immanuel C. Y. Hsü,
The Rise of Modern China,
New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, revised edition, 1983, page 501, says 5,000.

25.
Fairbanks,
Op. cit.,
page 268; Hsü,
Op. cit.,
pages 569–570.

26.
Chow Tse-tung,
The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1960, pages 84ff and Part Two, pages 269ff.

27.
Hsü,
Op. cit.,
pages 422–423.

28.
Fairbanks,
Op. cit.,
page 258.

29.
Ibid.,
pages 261–264.

30.
Ibid.,
page 265.

31.
Ibid.

32.
Tse-tung,
Op. cit.,
pages 171ff.

33.
Fairbank,
Op. cit.,
page 266.

34.
Ibid.

35.
Hsü,
Op. cit.,
pages 569–570.

36.
See Tse-tung,
Op. cit.,
pages 178–179 for a list.

37.
Fairbank,
Op. cit.,
page 268.

38.
Ibid.,
pages 269ff.

39.
Paul Johnson, The Modem World, Op. cit., page 197. Fairbanks, Op. cit., pages 275–276.

40.
William Johnston, The Austrian Mind, Op. cit., page 73.

41.
Ibid.

42.
Janik and Toulmin, Wittgenstein’s Vienna, Op. cit., pages 239–240.

43.
M. Weatherall, In Search of a Cure, Op. cit., page 128.

44.
Arpad Kadarkay,
Georg Lukács: Life, Thought and Politics,
Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991, page 177. Mary Gluck,
Georg Lukács and His Generation,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1985, page 14.

45.
Ibid.,
page 22, for the discussion of Simmel, page 131 for Gauguin and page 147 for the Manet remark.

46.
Ibid.,
page 154.

47.
Ibid.,
pages 154–155.

48.
Ibid.,
pages 156ff

49.
Kadarkay,
Op. cit.,
page 195.

50.
Gluck,
Op. cit.,
page 204.

51.
Ibid.,
page 205.

52.
Kadarkay,
Op. cit.,
pages 248–249.

53.
Gluck, Op.
cit.,
page 211.

54.
A. Vibert Douglas,
The Life of Arthur Stanley Eddington,
London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1956, page 38.

55.
L. P. Jacks,
Sir Arthur Eddington: Man of Science and Mystic,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1949. See pages 2 and 17.

56.
John Gribbin,
Companion to the Cosmos,
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996, Phoenix paperback, 1997, pages 92 and 571. See also: Douglas, Op.
cit.,
pages
54ff.

57.
Douglas, Op.
cit.,
page 39.

58.
Ibid.

59.
Ibid.,
page 40.

60.
Ibid.

61.
Ibid.

62.
Ibid.,
page 41; see also: Albrecht Fölsing,
Albert Einstein: A Biography,
New York: Viking, 1997, page 440.

63.
Douglas, Op.
cit.,
page 42.

64.
Ibid.,
page 43. See also: Ronald W. Clark,
Einstein: The Life and Times, Op. cit.,
pages 224–225; and: Victor Lowe:
Alfred North Whitehead: The Man and His Work, volume II, 1910–1947,
edited by J. B. Schneewind, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990, page 127 for Eddington on Whitehead and relativity.

1.
Ross Terrill, R. H. Tawney and His Times: Socialism as Fellowship, London: André Deutsch, 1974, page 53.

2.
Ibid., pages 53–56.

3.
Anthony Wright,
R. H. Tawney,
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987, pages 48–49.

4.
Ibid., pages 35ff.

5.
R. H. Tawney,
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism,
London: John Murray, 1926; published in Pelican Books 1938 and as a Penguin 20th Century Classic, 1990. See in particular chaper 3, section iii, and chapter 4, section iii.

6.
Tawney, Op.
cit.,
chapter 3, section iii, chapter 4, section iii.

7.
Wright, Op.
cit.,
page 148.

8.
Peter Ackroyd,
T. S. Eliot,
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1984; Penguin edition, 1993, pages 61–64 and 113–114.

9.
Stephen Coote,
? S. Eliot: The Waste Land,
London: Penguin, 1985, page 10.

10.
Ibid.,
pages 12 and 94.

11.
Ibid.,
page 14. See also: Robert Sencourt,
T. S. Eliot: A Memoir,
London: Garnstone Press, 1971, page 85.

12.
Boris Ford (editor), The New Pelican Guide to English Literature: Volume 9: American Literature, Penguin 1967, revised 1995, page 327.

13.
Letter from Pound to Eliot, 24 December 1921, Paris. In Valerie Eliot (editor),
The Letters of T. S. Eliot, Volume I, 1889–1921,
London: Faber & Faber, 1988, page 497.

14.
See Coote, Op.
cit.,
page 30 and in particular chapter 5, on the editing of
The Waste Land
manuscript, pages 89ff. And Ackroyd, Op.
cit.,
pages 113–126.

15.
Sencourt, Op.
cit.,
page 89. Coote, Op.
cit.,
page 9.

16.
Coote, Op.
cit.,
page 26.

17.
Ibid.,
pages 125–126 and 132–135.

18.
Valerie Eliot, Op.
cit.,
pages 551–552. See also Coote, Op.
cit.,
page 17 for the ‘escape from personality’ reference.

19.
Luigi Pirandello,
Six Characters in Search of an Author,
translated by Frederick May, London: Heinemann, 1954, reprinted 1975, page x.

20.
May, Op.
cit.,
page viii. Mark Musa, Introduction
to the Penguin edition of
Six Characters in Search of an Author and Other Plays,
London: Penguin, 1995, pages xi and xiv; see also: Benito Ortolani (editor and translator),
Pirandello’s Loue Letters to Marta Abba,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.

21.
Gaspare Giudice,
Pirandello,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 119.

22.
Frank Field, The Last Days of Mankind: Karl Kraus and His Vienna, London: Macmillan, 1967, page 14.

23.
Field, Op.
cit.,
page 18.

24.
Ibid.,
page 102.

25.
Ibid.,
page 103.

26.
W. Kraft, Karl Kraus, Beiträge zum Verständnis seines Werkes, Salzburg, 1956, page 13; quoted in Field, Op. cit., pages 242 and 269.

27.
Coote, Op.
cit.,
page 28.

28.
Richard Ellmann,
James Joyce,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1959, page 401.

29.
Declan Kiberd, Introduction to James Joyce’s
Ulysses,
Paris: Shakespeare & Co., 1922; Penguin edition of the 1960 Bodley Head edition, 1992, page lxxxi.

30.
Ellmann, Op
cit.,
page 672; John Wyse Jackson and Peter Costello,
John Stanislaus Joyce: The Voluminous Life and Genius of Joyce’s Father,
London: Fourth Estate, 1997, pages 254–255.

31.
Ellmann,
Op. cit.,
page 551.

32.
Kiberd, Op.
cit.,
page xxxii.

33.
James Joyce, Ulysses, Op. cit., page 271.

34.
Ibid.,
page 595.

35.
Kiberd, Op.
cit.,
pages xv and lx.

36.
Ibid.,
page xxiii.

37.
Ibid.,
pages xxx and xliv.

38.
David Perkins,
A History of Modem Poetry, Volume 1,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1976, page 572.

39.
Ibid.,
page 601.

40.
Ibid.,
page 584.

41.
Ibid.,
page 596.

42.
A. Norman Jeffares,
W B. Yeats,
London: Hutchinson: 1988, page 261.

43.
Perkins, Op.
cit.,
page 578.

44.
Jeffares, Op.
cit.,
page 275.

45.
James R. Mellow, Invented Lives: F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985, page 56.

46.
F. Scott Fitzgerald,
The Great Gatsby,
London: Penguin, 1990, page 18.

47.
Matthew Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1981, page 221.

48.
See
ibid.,
pages 217–218 for the revised ending of the book.

49.
Ibid.,
page 223.

50.
Paul Johnson, A History of the Modern World from 1917 to the 1980s, Op. cit., pages 9–10.

51.
Harold March,
The Two Worlds of Marcel Proust,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1948, page 114.

52.
Ibid.,
pages 182–194.

53.
Ibid.,
page 228.

54.
See
Ibid.,
pages 241–242 for a discussion of Freud and Proust.

55.
George Painter,
André Gide: A Critical Biography,
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968, page 142.

56.
Justin O’Brien,
Portrait of André Gide: A Critical Biography,
London: Secker & Warburg, 1953, pages 254–255.

57.
Painter, Op.
cit.,
page 143.

58.
O’Brien, Op.
cit.,
page 195.

59.
Kate Flint, Introduction to Oxford University Paperback edition of
Jacob’s Room,
Oxford, 1992, pages xiii–xiv.

60.
James King,
Virginia Woolf
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994, page 148.

61.
Ibid.,
pages 314–315. See: Hermione Lee,
Virginia Woolf,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1996, page 444 for Eliot’s reaction.