Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (158 page)

49.
Luke,
Op. cit.,
pages xxxiv-xli.

50.
Brenda Maddox, The Married Man: A Life of D.
H. Lawrence,
London: Sinclair Stevenson, 1994, page 36.

51.
Helen Baron and Carl Baron, Introduction to: D. H. Lawrence,
Sons and Lovers,
London: Heinemann, 1913; reprinted Cambridge University Press and Penguin Books, 1992, page xviii.

52.
James T. Boulton (editor),
The Letters of D. H. Lawrence,
volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, pages 476–477; quoted in Baron and Baron,
Op. cit.,
page xix.

53.
Baron and Baron, Op.
cit.,
page xviii.

54.
See: George Painter,
Marcel Proust: A Biography,
volume 2, London: Chatto & Windus, 1965, especially chapter 3. For the note on the unconscious, see Harold March,
The Two Worlds of Marcel Proust,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1948, pages 241 and 245.

55.
See the index in Painter, Op.
cit.,
for details, pages 407ff.

56.
Clark,
Freud, Op. cit.,
pages 305–306.

57.
Janik and Toulmin,
Wittgenstein’s Vienna, Op. cit.,
page 76, for the links Freud saw between Viennese social life and ‘frustration.’

58.
Frank McLynn,
Carl Gustav Jung,
London: Bantam Press, 1996, page 72.

59.
Ibid.,
pages 176ff.

60.
Barbara Hannah,
Jung: His Life and Work,
London: Michael Joseph, 1977, page 69.

61.
J. A. C. Brown,
Freud and the Post-Freudians,
Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961, page 43. See also pages 46 and 48 for Jung’s theory of the racial and collective unconscious, and page 43 for the ‘evidence’ in support of his theories.

62.
McLynn, Op.
cit.,
page 305. Brown, Op.
cit.,
page 43.

63.
Clark,
Freud, Op. cit.,
page 332.

64.
Richard Noll, The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Gustav Jung, London: Macmillan, 1997, page 108.

65.
Clark,
Freud, Op. cit.,
page 331.

66.
Ibid.,
page 352.

67.
Ibid.

68.
Peter Gay,
A Life for Our Time,
London: J. M. Dent, 1988, page 332.

69.
Clark,
Freud, Op. cit.,
page 356.

70.
Gay, Op.
cit.,
page 242, who raises the question as to whether Freud ‘needed’ to make his friends into enemies.

71.
Robert Frost,
Op. cit.,
verse 4: ‘Reluctance,’ page 38.

1.
Ronald Clark,
Freud, Op. cit.,
page 366.

2.
Ibid.,
page 366.

3.
Caroline Moorehead, Bertrand Russell: A Life, Op. cit., page 205.

4.
John Richardson,
A Life of Picasso,
1907–1917:
The Painter of Modem Life,
volume 2, London: Jonathan Cape, 1996, pages 344–345.

5.
Everdell, The First Modems, Op. cit., page 346.

6.
Ibid.

7.
Ibid.

8.
See for example: Paul Fussell,
The Great War and Modern Memory,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975; and Jay Winter,
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

9.
Fussell, Op.
cit.,
page 9.

10.
Ibid.,
page 11.

11.
Bid.,
page 13.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Ibid.,
page 14.

14.
Ibid.,
page 41.

15.
Ibid.,
page 18.

16.
Maxwell Maitz,
The Evolution of Plastic Surgery,
New York: Froben Press, 1946, page 268.

17.
Kenneth Walker,
The Story of Blood,
London: Herbert Jenkins, 1958, page 144.

18.
Walker, Op.
cit.,
pages 152–153.

19.
Harley Williams,
Your Heart,
London: Cassell, 1970, pages 74ff.

20.
Walker, Op.
cit.,
page 144.

21.
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
London: William Bennett, 1963, volume 3, page 808.

22.
Walker, Op.
cit.,
pages 148–149.

23.
Stephen Jay Gould,
The Mismeasure of Man,
New York: W. W Norton, 1981. Revised and expanded, Penguin, 1997, page 179.

24.
Raymond E. Fancher, The Intelligence Men: Makers of the IQ Controversy, New York: W. W. Norton, 1985, page 60.

25.
Gould, Op.
cit.,
page 179.

26.
Ibid.,
page 386.

27.
Ibid.,
page 188.

28.
Fancher, Op.
cit.,
page 107.

29.
Gould, Op.
cit.,
page 190.

30.
H.J. Eysenck and Leon Kamin,
Intelligence: The Battle for the Mind,
London: Macmillan, 1981, page 93.

31.
Gould, Op.
cit.,
pages 286ff.

32.
Fancher, Op.
cit.,
pages 136–137.

33.
Ibid.,
pages 144–145.

34.
Gould, Op.
cit.,
page 222.

35.
Ibid.,
page 223.

36.
Ibid.,
page 224.

37.
Fancher, Op.
cit.,
pages 124ff.

38.
Gould, Op.
cit.,
page 227.

39.
Ibid.,
pages 254ff.

40.
Clark, Freud, Op. cit., pages 366–367.

41.
Ibid.,
page 375.

42.
John Rawlings Rees,
The Shaping of Psychiatry by War,
New York: W. W. Norton, 1945, page 113.

43.
Rees, Op.
cit.,
page 28.

44.
Emanuel Miller (editor),
The Neuroses in War,
London: Macmillan, 1945, page 8.

45.
Peter Gay,
Op. cit.,
page 376.

46.
Clark, Freud, Op. cit., pages 386–387.

47.
Ibid.,
pages 404–405.

48.
Fussell,
Op. cit.,
page 355.

49.
Bernard Bergonzi, Heroes’ Twilight: A Study of the Literature of the Great War, London: Macmillan, 1978, page 32.

50.
Ibid.,
pages 42 and 44.

51.
Ibid.,
page 36.

52.
John Silkin,
Out of Battle,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972, page 65.

53.
Bergonzi, Op.
cit.,
page 41.

54.
Ibid.

55.
Martin Seymour-Smith,
Robert Graves: His Life and Work,
London: Bloomsbury, 1995, pages 49–50.

56.
Bergonzi, Op.
cit.,
pages 65–66; Desmond Graham, ‘Poetry of the First World War,’ in Dod-sworth (editor). Op.
cit.,
page 124.

57.
Martin Seymour-Smith, ‘Graves’, in Ian Hamilton (editor),
The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, page 194.

58.
Silkin, Op.
cit.,
page 249.

59.
Ibid.,
page 250.

60.
Ibid.,
page 276.

61.
Kenneth Simcox,
Wilfred Owen: Anthem for a Doomed Youth,
London: The Woburn Press, 1987, pages 5 off.

62.
Simcox, Op.
cit.,
page 129.

63.
Bergonzi, Op.
cit.,
page 127 and Silkin, Op.
cit.,
page 207.

64.
Silkin, Op.
cit.,
page 232.

65.
Fussell, Op.
cit.,
pages 7–18 and 79 (for the
‘versus
habit’).

66.
Winter,
Op. cit.,
pages 78ff.

67.
Ibid.,
page 132.

68.
Ibid.,
page 57.

69.
Ibid.,
pages 133ff.

70.
Ray Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius, London: Jonathan Cape, 1990, page 112.

71.
Ibid.,
page 112.

72.
Janik and Toulmin, Op.
cit.,
pages 167ff.

73.
Monk,
Op. cit.,
page 12.

74.
Ibid.,
page 15.

75.
Ibid.,
pages 30–33.

76.
Brian McGuinness, Wittgenstein: A Life, Volume One, Young Ludwig, 1889–1921, London: Duckworth, 1988, page 84.

77.
Janik and Toulmin, Wittgenstein’s Vienna, Op. cit., page 176.

78.
Monk, Op.
cit.,
page 48.

79.
McGuinness, Op.
cit.,
pages 179–180.

80.
Monk, Op.
cit.,
page 138.

81.
Ibid.,
page 145.

82.
McGuinness, Op.
cit.,
page 263.

83.
Monk,
Op. cit.,
pages 149–150.

84.
McGuinness, Op. cit., page 264.

85.
Georg Henrik von Wright, Wittgenstein, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982, page 77.

86.
Monk, Op. cit., pages 157 and 180ff.

87.
Magee, Op. cit., page 82; Monk, Op.
cit.,
page 215.

88.
Ibid.,
page 222.

89.
See Janik and Toulmin, Op.
cit.,
for comments on both the Vienna Circle and Wittgenstein (pages 214–215) and some other reactions to
Tractatus
(pages 180–201).

90.
Monk, Op.
cit.,
page 156. For details, with Commentary, see McGuinness, Op.
cit.,
chapter 9, pages 296–316. P. M. S. Hacker,
Wittgenstein,
London: Phoenix, 1997,
passim.

91.
McGuinness,
Op. cit.,
page 300. Magee, Op.
cit.,
pages 80 and 85.

92.
Van Wright,
Op. cit.,
page 145.

93.
For this paragraph I have relied on: Robert Short, ‘Dada and Surrealism’, in Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane (editors),
Modernism, Op. cit.,
page 293.

94.
William S. Rubin,
Dada and Surrealist Art,
London: Thames & Hudson, 1969, page 63.

95.
Short, Op.
cit.,
page 295.

96.
Rubin, Op.
cit.,
page 36.

97.
Hughes, The Shock of the New, Op. cit., page 61.

98.
Short,
Op. cit.,
page 295.

99.
Hughes,
Op. cit.,
page 61.

100.
Rubin, Op.
cit.,
pages 40–41.

101.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
page 61.

102.
Rubin, Op.
cit.,
pages 52–56.

103.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
pages 64–66.

104.
Ibid.,
pages 67–68.

105.
Short,
Op. cit.,
page 296.

106.
Ibid.

107.
Rubin, Op.
cit.,
pages 42–46.

108.
Ibid.

109.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
pages 75–78.

110.
Short,
Op. cit.,
page 299.

111.
Ibid.,
page 300.

112.
Ibid.,
page 300.

113.
Anna Balakian,
André Breton: Magus of Surrealism,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1971, pages 61 and 86–101.

114.
Short, Op.
cit.,
page 300.

115.
Beverly Whitney Kean,
French Painters, Russian Collectors,
London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1985, page 144.

116.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
page 81.

117.
L. A. Magnus and K. Walter, Introduction to
Three Plays of A. V Lunacharski,
London: George Roudedge & Co., 1923, page v.

118.
For a discussion of this see: Timothy Edward O’Connor,
The Politics of Soviet Culture: Anatoli Lunacharskii,
Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1983, pages 68–69.

119.
Magnus and Walter, Op.
cit.,
page vii.

120.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
page 87.

121.
Ibid.

122.
Ibid.

123.
Galina Demosfenova,
Malevich: Artist and Theoretician,
Paris: Flammarion, 1990, page 10.

124.
Ibid.,
page 14.

125.
Hughes,
Op. cit.,
page 89.

126.
Demosfenova, Op.
cit.,
page 14.

127.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
page 89.

128.
Demosfenova, Op.
cit.,
pages 197–198.

129.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
page 92.

130.
Magdalena Dabrowski, Leah Dickerman and Peter Galassi,
Aleksandr Rodchenko,
New York: Harry. N. Abrams, 1998, pages 44–45.

131.
Hughes, Op.
cit.,
page 93.

132.
Ibid.,
page 95.

133.
Dabrowksi
et ai, Op. cit.,
pages 63ff.

134.
Ibid.,
page 124.

135.
‘The Future is our only Goal’, in Peter Noever (editor),
Aleksandr Rodchenko and Varvora F. Stepanova,
Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1991, page 158.