Nelson: Britannia's God of War (82 page)

68 Edgerton, J.
Making
and
Meaning;
Turner,
The
Fighting
Temeraire
, p. 77

69 Stanfield, p. 20.

70 Russett, A.
George
Chambers
,
1803
–
1840
,
pp. 125–7

71 Ibid. p. 126

72 Hardy had given the coat to Emma; she left it with Alderman Smith, who loaned her far more money than she ever repaid. It was bought from his widow. George Anson (the Prince’s Treasurer) to Nicolas 28.6.1845. Nicolas VII pp. 351. The blood was John Scott’s.

73 Stanfield p. 20

74 Rosenberg,
Carlyle
and
the
Burden
of
History
,
p. vii

75 Carlyle, ‘Nelson’, at p. 77

76 Ibid. pp. 89–91

77 Pettigrew,
Memoirs
of
the
Life
of
Vice
Admiral
Lord
Viscount
Nelson
,
I pp. ix–xiii.

78 Hume to Aberdeen correspondence 1853–54. Add. 43,200 ff. 224–257.

79 Nelson to Rev Gaskin 4.1.1801; SPCK Archive Website page 1, accessed 12.12.2002. Nelson helped to distribute Society tracts to the fleet, a policy that continued for much of the nineteenth century. Clarke,
A
History
of
the
SPCK
, p. 171

80
Life
of
Horatio
,
Lord
Viscount
Nelson
abridged form, Southey, London SPCK, 1837. Naples is covered on pp. 116–18. Comparison with Southey shows that this contentious passage has been reproduced verbatim. The sanctity and eulogy are on pp. 214–15.

81 The two large pictures are considered disturbing by Westminster security staff. Weston p. 251.

82 Weston, p. 243.

83 Boase, p. 215.

84 Ibid. p. 218.

85 Quoted in Weston at p. 249.

1 Tennyson to Stead, 14.3.1885; in Lang and Shannon,
The
Letters
of
Alfred
,
Lord
Tennyson
Volume
III
,
pp. 311–12. For Tennyson and defence in the early 1850s see Thompson, N. ‘Immortal Wellington: literary tributes to the hero’, in Woolgar, ed.,
Wellington
Studies
III
,
p. 265

2 Mackenzie, p. 181

3 League Pamphlet cited in Marder,
The
Anatomy
of
British
Sea
Power
:
Naval
Policy
1880–1905
,
p. 52.

4 See Marder, pp. 44–61

5 Lambert, ‘HMS
Foudroyant
and
Trincomalee
’

6 Foote, E J.
Vindication
of
his
Conduct
when
Captain
of
HMS
Seahorse
etc
.
1799
,
London, 1807

7 For this issue see Lambert,
The
Foundations
of
Naval
History
;
John
Knox
Laughton
,
the
Royal
Navy
and
the
Historical
Profession
,
pp. 173–193.

8 Davis, J A. ‘The Neapolitan Revolution: 1799 to 1999; Between History and Myth’; the quote is by Croce, p. 350.

9 Ibid.

10 Samuel Rawson Gardiner, Editor of the
English
Historical
Review
from 1890 to 1902, Laughton’s predecessor as Professor of Modern History at King’s College, a close personal friend and intellectual supporter. Gardiner’s new ‘Scientific’ German historical professionalism provided an authoritative stamp of approval for Laughton’s self-devised ‘scientific’ historical methodology.

11 Schurman,
Julian
S
.
Corbett
1854
–
1922.

12 Marder, A.J.
From
the
Dreadnought
to
Scapa
Flow.
Vol.
I
1904
–
1914
, p. 348.

13 Gordon,
The
Rules
of
the
Game:
Jutland
and
British
Naval
Command
addresses this question, and shows how Nelson’s legacy was frittered away.

14 William Graham-Greene (Secretary to the Admiralty) to John Laughton 18.12.1904; Lambert, A. ed.,
Letters
and
Papers
of
Professor
Sir
John
Knox
Laughton1830
–
191
5. Aldershot, 2002 p. 228.

15 Beresford,
Memoirs
,
pp. 513–14

16 Beresford and Wilson,
Nelson
and
his
Times

17 Beresford, pp. iii–vi.

18 In 1815 the new HMS
Nelson
was the biggest battleship afloat, and although she saw no active service, she remained on the list for four decades, latterly as a steam powered ship. Finally the old ship went out to Australia as a school ship, but the greatest name ever to grace a warship was not re-used until the late 1870s. Even then it was improperly applied to a second rate ironclad, which briefly served in Australian waters in the 1880s.

19 Mackay, R.
Fisher
of
Kilverstone
,
pp. 3, 88, 140, 180, 287–9, 365, 385.

20 The records of these donations can be found in ADM 169/47–926. I am indebted to Dr Quintin Colville for this reference.

21 Fisher to Arthur Balfour (ex Prime Minister) 23.10.1910; Mackay p. 428

22 Fisher to Churchill 26.10.1911, 30.12.1911 and 31.7.1914; Churchill,
Churchill
.
Companion
Volume
II
,
Part II pp. 1299, 1366 and Part III p. 1965. He repeated the point to opposition leader Balfour on 31.7.1914; Gilbert, M.
Churchill
Vol
.
III
,
p. 16.

23 Fisher to Arnold White 25.2.1913; in Marder, ed.
Fear
God
and
Dreadnought
:
The
Correspondence
of
Admiral
of
the
Fleet
Lord
Fisher
of
Kilverstone.
Vol
.
II 1904–1914
,
pp. 483–4.

24 Bold,
Greenwich
,
p. 204. Roberts,
Eminent
Churchillians
,
pp. 292–4

25 Ramsden, J.
Man
of
the
Century
:
Winston
Churchill
and
his
Legend
since
1945
,
p. 123. It was no surprise to find Bryant’s account of the Napoleonic wars made very obvious links with Churchill’s wartime leadership.

26 Ramsden, pp. 57–78. Churchill to G M Young 10.9.1939; Gilbert ed.
The
Churchill
War
Papers
I
:
The
Admiralty,
pp. 69–71. Young was one of the historians who drafted much of the book for Churchill.

27 Speech of 23.2.1940; Gilbert p. 794

28 ADM 239/262 quoted in Levy,
The
Royal
Navy
’
s
Home
Fleet
in
World
War
II
,
p. 26

29 John Colville 10.8.1940 re destroyers; Speech of 20.8.1940; Broadcast of 11.9.1940. Gilbert II (1994) pp. 644, 691, 802.

30 Presented at a Club dinner of 3.10.1940; Gilbert II p. 846

31 Richards, J.
Films
and
British
Identity
;
From
Dickens
to
Dad
’
s
Army
,
p. 87

32 Churchill to Korda 15.6.194 and 1.7.194. Memoirs of Oliver Harvey and Hastings Ismay 2.8.1941; Gilbert III pp. 807, 882 1027–8.

33 Alexander; Foreword 1942 Mahan,
Life
of
Nelson

34 Mace,
Trafalgar
Square

35 Admiral Leach’s father was captain of the battleship HMS
Prince
of
Wales
in 1941, when she engaged the German
Bismarck
,
took Churchill to meet President Roosevelt and was sunk off Singapore. He was lost with his ship.

36 Thatcher,
The
Downing
Street
Years
,
p. 179

37 Thatcher, p. 235

38 Colley,
Britons
,
pp. 8–9 provides a clear indictment of such attitudes.

39 Colley, p. 9

40 Hood to Nelson 26.8.1805; Add. 34,930 f 250. Hood admits passing a letter to Lord Aylesbury.

41 The prominent position given to Nelson was sustained in the 1999 edition of the Doctrine.
British
Maritime
Doctrine
BR
1806.
London HMSO 1999

42 Collingwood to Admiral Sir Peter Parker 1.11.1805 and Collingwood to Edward Collingwood 25.10.1805; Owen, C. H. H. ed. ‘Letters from Collingwood, 1794–1809’ in Duffy, M. ed.
The
Naval
Miscellany
VI.
Aldershot Navy Records Society 2003, pp. 182–5

1 Williams, H. M.
Sketches
of
the
State
of
Manners
and
Opinions
in
the
French
Republic
,
2 vols. London 1801. I p. 206 and 222–3. Nelson’s own copy, suitably annotated, is Add. 34,391

2 Nelson to Alexander Stephens 10.2.1802; Nicolas V p. 43

3 Charnock,
Life
of
Nelson
,
p. vii.

4 Ibid. pp. 184–6

5 Joshua White’s
Professional
Life
of
Lord
Nelson
,
2nd revised edn. pp. 144–5, calls Ruffo’s armistice ‘infamous’ but misunderstands Nelson’s actions. A second book by the same publisher appeared in 1813, to profit from the sales of Southey. The author was named as ‘Richard Clarke’.

6 Harrison,
The
Life
of
Horatio
,
Lord
Viscount
Nelson
of
the
Nile

7 Harrison, II pp. 104–5. Harrison invented the nonsense that ‘Tyrolese riflemen’ were in the French fighting-tops; II p. 499

8 Harrison II p. 99

9 Foote, E.
Vindication
2nd edn, London 1810. This edition is the most useful, as it reproduces his correspondence with Clarke.

10 Clarke to Foote 20.4.1807; Foote pp. 40–1

11 Clarke to Foote 31.1.1809; Foote p. 43

12 Clarke and McArthur I have used the late 1830 three-volume edition, which is at least portable. II pp. 162 and 187

13 Both Gutteridge and Russell make this point.

14 Southey, R.
Life
of
Nelson
,
1922 edition ed. G. Callendar, p. xxviii

15 Ibid, p. 183

16
Quarterly
Review
1814, p. 73. The entry was unsigned, but Shine uncovers the authors, p. 41.

17 Ibid. p. 77.

18 James, W.
The
Naval
History
of
Great
Britain.
4, later 6 vols. London 1822–4, 2nd edn 1826. See the introduction to the 2002 edn. for a discussion of James, his methods and motives.

19 James II pp. 274–80

20 Brenton, E. P.
The
Naval
History
of
Great
Britain.
2 vols. London 1837 vol. I P. 484.

21 Collier to Nicolas 16.5.1845; Nicolas III p. 522