9
. David S. Broder, “Ford and Reagan Gear for Fight on Convention Rules,”
Washington Post
, August 15, 1976.
CHAPTER ONE —The Beginning of the End
1
. Gary Bauer, in discussion with the author, April 2004.
2
. Ralph Hallow, in discussion with the author, January 9, 2004.
3
. Herbert S. Parmet,
George Bush: The Life of a Lone Star Yankee
(New York: Scribner, 1997), 197.
4
. Nelson W. Polsby and Aaron Wildavsky,
Presidential Elections: Strategies of American
Electoral Politics, 6th ed.
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1984), 149.
5
. Doug Bailey, in discussion with the author, June 16, 2004.
6
. Lewis L. Gould,
Grand Old Party: A History of the Republicans
(New York: Random House, 2003), 403.
7
.
New York Times
, “Now the Republicans,” July 19, 1976.
8
. Eddie Mahe and Ladonna Lee, in discussion with the author, March 5, 2004.
9
. Gould,
Grand Old Party
, 321.
10
. Gould,
Grand Old Party
, 345.
11
. Gould,
Grand Old Party
, 343.
12
. Gould,
Grand Old Party
, 345.
13
. Gould,
Grand Old Party
, 346.
14
. Bill Schulz, in discussion with the author, February 23, 2004.
15
. Tom Edmonds, in discussion with the author, 1998.
16
. Lyn Nofziger, in discussion with the author, February 12, 2004.
17
. Richard Viguerie, in discussion with the author, February 2, 2004.
18
. Richard Nixon,
RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon: Volume 1
(New York: Warner Books, 1978), 325.
19
. Roger Stone, in discussion with the author, April 5, 2004.
20
. David Keene, in discussion with the author, December 16, 2003.
21
. Jules Witcover,
Crapshoot: Rolling the Dice on the Vice Presidency
(New York: Crown Publishers, 1992), 218.
CHAPTER TWO — Awakening Ambitions
1
.
Human Events
, “Leading Conservatives ‘Suspend Support’ of Nixon,” August 7, 1971; Jeff Bell, in discussion with the author, May 5, 2004.
2
. Richard Reeves,
A Ford, Not a Lincoln
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), 13.
3
. Bill Schulz, in discussion with the author, February 23, 2004.
4
. Jules Witcover,
Crapshoot
, (New York: Crown, 1992), 236, 242.
5
. Roger Stone, in discussion with the author, April 5, 2004.
6
. David Keene, in discussion with the author, December 16, 2003.
7
. Confidential interview with bar owner, 2004.
8
. Confidential interview with bar owner, 2004.
9
. Alfred E. Lewis, “Five Held in Plot to Bug Democrats’ Office,”
Washington Post
, June 18, 1972.
10
. Confidential interview with bar owner, 2004.
11
. Lewis,
Washington Post
, June 18, 1972.
12
. Lewis,
Washington Post
, June 18, 1972.
13
. Michael McShane, in discussion with the author, 2004.
14
. McShane, in discussion with the author.
15
. Richard M. Cohen and Jules Witcover,
A Heartbeat Away: The Investigation and Resignation
of Vice President Spiro T. Agnew
(New York: Viking, 1974), 5.
16
. Tish Leonard, in discussion with the author, 2004; Myron Mintz, in discussion with the author, 2004. Keene, discussion.
17
. Myron Mintz, in discussion with the author.
18
. Spiro T. Agnew,
Go Quietly . . . or Else
(New York: William Morrow and Company, 1980), 190-191.
19
. Agnew,
Go Quietly . . . or Else
, 190.
20
. Reeves, 39.
21
. Lyn Nofziger, in discussion with the author, 2004.
22
. Memorandum by Bo Callaway, “Opposition Research,” Robert Hartmann Papers, Box 164, Gerald Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
23
. Ron Nessen,
It Sure Looks Different From the Inside
(Chicago: Playboy Press, 1978), 154.
24
. Nofziger, discussion.
25
. John Sears, in discussion with the author, March 18, 2004.
26
. Sears, discussion.
27
. Sears, discussion.
28
. Sears, discussion
29
. Peter Hannaford,
The Reagan’s: A Political Portrait
(New York: Coward-McCann, 1983), 30; Nofziger, discussion.
30
. Michael Deaver, in discussion with the author, December 23, 2003.
31
. Sears, discussion.
32
. Sears, discussion.
33
. Reeves,
A Ford
, 40.
34
. Lou Cannon
, Reagan
(New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1982), 192.
35
. Sears, discussion.
36
. Sears, discussion.
37
. Sears, in discussion.
38
. Jim Lake, in discussion with the author, January 16, 2004.
39
. John J. Casserly,
The Ford White House: The Diary of a Speechwriter
(Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com, 1977), 194.
40
. Robert T. Hartmann,
Palace Politics: An Inside Account of the Ford Years
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980), 336.
41
. Richard Cheney, in discussion with the author, June 9, 2004.
42
. Hartmann,
Palace Politics
, 224.
43
. Hartmann, 225.
44
. Cheney, discussion.
45
. Lee Edwards,
Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution
(Washington DC: Regnery, 1995), 402.
46
. Cheney, discussion.
47
. Lake, discussion.
48
. Gerald R Ford,
A Time To Heal
(New York: Harper & Row, 1979), 363.
49
. Eddie Mahe, in discussion with the author, March 5, 2004.
50
. Mahe, discussion.
51
. Arthur Finkelstein, in discussion with the author, 2004.
52
. M. Stanton Evans, in discussion with the author, February 25, 2004.
53
. Minutes of the American Conservative Union, 1974-1976, M. Stanton Evans, personal collection, Alexandria, Virginia.
54
. Minutes of the American Conservative Union, 1974-1976.
55
. Lou Cannon,
Governor Reagan
, (New York: PublicAffairs, 2003), 396-397.
56
. Cheney, discussion.
57
. Gerald Ford to Ronald Reagan, August 21, 1974, White House Central Files, Box 2608, Gerald Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
58
. Hartmann,
Palace Politics
, 335.
59
. Gerald Ford to Ronald Reagan, September 20, 1974, White House Central Files, Box 2608, Ford Presidential Library.
60
. Gerald Ford to Ronald Reagan, December 4, 1974, White House Central Files, Box 2608, Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
61
. Gerald R. Ford to Ronald Reagan, May 13, 1975, White House Central Files, Box 2608, Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
62
. Gerald Ford to Ronald Reagan, May 13, 1975.
63
. Cannon,
Governor Reagan
, 398.
64
. Telegram, Ronald Reagan to Gerald Ford, October 7, 1974, White House Central Files, Box 2608, Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
65
. Casserly, 31.
66
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 117.
67
. David Hume Kennerly,
Shooter
(New York: Newsweek Books, 1979), 192.
68
. Kennerly,
Shooter
, 21.
69
. Fred Barnes, in discussion with the author, February 2, 2004.
70
. Reeves,
A Ford, Not a Lincoln
, 43.
71
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 20.
72
. William A. Rusher,
The Making of the New Majority Party
(Ottawa, IL: Green Hill Publishers, 1975), 13.
73
. Rusher,
The Making of the New Majority Party
, 83.
74
. Steven F. Hayward,
The Age of Reagan: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order
(Roseville, CA: Forum, 2001), 449.
75
. Lou Cannon,
Governor Reagan
(New York: PublicAffairs, 2003), 401.
76
. Frank van der Linden,
The Real Reagan: What He Believes, What He Accomplished, What We
Can Expect From Him
(New York: William Morrow and Company, 1981), 112-113; James C. Roberts, ed.,
A City Upon A Hill: Speeches by Ronald Reagan Before the Conservative
Political Action Conference, 1947-1988
(Washington DC: American Studies Center, 1989), 20.
77
. van der Linden,
The Real Reagan
, 112-113.
78
. Michael Deaver, in discussion with the author, December 23, 2003.
79
. Michael Deaver, discussion.
80
. Michael Barone,
Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan
(New York: Free Press, 1990), 511.
81
. Lewis L. Gould,
Grand Old Party: A History of the Republicans
(New York: Random House, 2003), 382.
CHAPTER THREE — Ford Follies
1
.
New York Times
, “Bankruptcy Politics,” November 2, 1975.
2
.
Human Events
, “Ford Continues to ‘Reaganize’ Campaign,” November 8, 1975.
3
. Robert T. Hartmann,
Palace Politics: An Inside Account of the Ford Years
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980), 101.
4
. Hartmann,
Palace Politics
, 101.
5
. Jules Witcover,
Marathon: The Pursuit of the Presidency, 1972-1976
(New York: Viking Press, 1972), 53.
6
. Witcover,
Marathon
, 53-54.
7
. Witcover,
Marathon
, 56.
8
. Witcover,
Marathon
, 55.
9
. John J. Casserly,
The Ford White House: The Diary of a Speechwriter
(Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com, 1977), 120.
10
. Casserly,
The Ford White House,
148.
11
. Witcover,
Marathon
, 51.
12
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 123.
13
. Don Bonafede, “Presidential Focus: Ford’s Advisers Push Him to Campaign,”
National
Journal
, April 19, 1975, 600.
14
. Rowland Evans and Robert Novak,
The Reagan Revolution: An Inside Look at the
Transformation of the U.S.
(New York: E.P. Dutton, 1981), 48.
15
. Hartmann,
Palace Politics
, 336.
16
. Ron Nessen,
It Sure Looks Different from the Inside
(Chicago: Playboy Press, 1978), 195.
17
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 131.
18
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 135.
19
. Steven F. Hayward,
The Age of Reagan: The Fall of the Liberal Order
(Roseville, CA: Forum, 2001) 435-436.
20
. Hayward,
The Age of Reagan,
436.
21
. Michael Barone,
Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan
(New York: Free Press, 1990) 555-556.
22
. Hartmann,
Palace Politics
, 336.
23
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 139.
24
. Casserly,
The Ford White House,
172.
25
. Casserly,
The Ford White House
, 164-165.
26
. Peter Hannaford, in discussion with the author, January 8, 2004.
27
. Leslie H. Gelb, “Moves a Surprise,”
New York Times
, sec. 1, November 3, 1975.
28
. Nessen,
It Sure Looks Different
, 150-151
.
29
. Richard Cheney, in discussion with the author, June 9, 2004.
30
. Nessen,
It Sure Looks Different
, 161-162.
31
. Cheney, discussion.
32
. R.W. Apple Jr., “Reagan’s Challenge for Leadership of Republican Party: Assets and Liabilities,”
New York Times
, November 21, 1975.
33
. R.W. Apple Jr.,
New York Times
, November 21, 1975.
34
. Stuart Spencer, in discussion with the author, June 21, 2004.
35
. Warren Weaver Jr., “New Law Balked Ford Fund-Raiser,”
New York Times
, November 2, 1975.
36
. Weaver,
New York Times
, November 2, 1975.
37
. James M. Naughton, “Head Fund-Raiser for Ford Resigns,”
New York Times
, November 1, 1975.
38
. Naughton,
New York Times
, November 1, 1975.
39
. Bruce Eberle, in discussion with the author, April 28, 2004.
40
. Naughton,
New York Times
, November 1, 1975.
41
. Eddie Mahe and Ladonna Lee, in discussion with the author, March 5, 2004.
42
. Philip Shabecoff, “Mutual Decision: Vice President’s Letter Gives No Reason for Withdrawal,”
New York Times
, November 3, 1975.
43
. Philip Shabecoff, “Mutual Decision: Vice President’s Letter Gives No Reason for Withdrawal,”
New York Times
, November 3, 1975.
44
. Peter Hannaford,
The Reagans: A Political Portrait
(New York: Coward-McCann, 1983), 77.