Authors: Odd Westad
as major foreign power in China,
45–46
,
50–51
,
55
,
56–57
relations with PRC,
325
success of Northern Expedition and,
165
Tibet and,
148–149
trade with China,
36–39
,
40
,
41
,
44
British-American Tobacco,
184
,
187
British-American War of 1812, effect on China,
38
Brown, Harold,
374
Brunei,
217
Burma,
21
,
79
,
263
,
266–267
,
321
,
418
,
420
,
435
Bush, George H. W.,
370
,
382–383
,
400
Bush, George W.,
392
,
400–401
,
436
,
437
Butterfield & Swire,
59
Cai Hesen,
238
Cai Yuanpei,
205
Cambridge Seven,
190
Cameron, Ewen,
67
Canton system of trade,
36–37
Capitalism
China and reinvention of,
446–447
market economy in PRC,
385–389
Castiglione, Giuseppe,
12
Catholic missionaries,
189–190
CCP.
See
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
CCRG.
See
Central Cultural Revolution Group (CCRG)
Central Asia, China and,
9–10
,
429–432
Central Cultural Revolution Group (CCRG),
356
Centrality, China’s sense of,
5–6
,
459–462
Central Party School,
455
Chan, Julius,
229
Chang, José Antonio,
227
Chaplin, Charlie,
202
Charoen Pokphand (Zheng Dai),
218
,
419
Chen, Eugene,
228
Chen, Percy (Pertsei Ievgenovich Tschen),
228
Chen, Steven,
225
Chen Duxiu,
106
,
152
,
153–154
,
155
,
158
,
204
Cheng Shewo,
181
Cheng Xiaoqing,
202
Chen Jiongming,
156
Chennault, Anna,
208–209
Chen Xiangmei,
209
Chen Yun,
371
Cheo Ying, Esther,
209
Chiang Ching-kuo (Jiang Jingguo),
197
,
241
,
373
,
389
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi),
72
,
91
,
200
,
240
after Sino-Japanese War,
282
,
283–284
,
288–289
civil war and,
291
Communists and,
163–164
,
199
,
254–255
conversion to Christianity,
190
events leading to war with Japan and,
255–257
Guomingdang and,
162
,
163–164
,
165–168
,
169
,
195
Little and,
194
Sino-Japanese War and,
247
,
258
,
261–262
,
264
,
266–269
Sun Yat-sen and,
159
Wang Jingwei and,
274–275
Yalta Conference and,
280
,
281
,
282
Chiang Wei-kuo (Jiang Weiguo),
196–197
China
as allied power in World War I,
116–117
ASEAN and,
420–422
concept of state in,
107–108
conflict with Japan over Korea,
98–103
defined geographically,
3–4
economic stagnation in relation to other Asian nations,
405–406
effect of Sino-Japanese War on,
269–271
embrace of change,
440
ethnicity in,
28–29
,
69–70
,
150–151
,
456
foreign presence in mid-19th-century,
53–54
influence of history in,
2
,
16–17
influence of Japanese ideas on,
106–109
interest in West,
45–46
isolation of,
333–335
Japanese-occupied,
274–277
knowledge of geographical world,
31–32
as participant in global forms of modernity,
14–15
political change 1900–1920s,
123–126
relationship with other countries (
see individual countries
)
response to foreign culture,
78–79
status after World War II,
283–284
19th-century economy,
24–26
Third World and,
320–321
,
325–326
,
333
,
334
,
341–343
,
346
,
350–353
,
369–370
urbanization in,
63–65
Western trade and,
49–50
See also
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
;
Qing China
China Can Say No,
395
China Merchant Steamship Navigation Company,
67
Chinese Academy of Sciences,
1
Chinese American Citizens’ Alliance,
225
Chinese civil war,
290–291
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
advice for Soviets on foreign policy,
328–329
alliance with GMP,
265
anti-foreign campaigns,
298–300
Chen Duxiu and,
106
Chiang Kai-shek and,
163–164
crackdown on demonstrations/freedom of speech,
329
creation of,
154
,
158–159
,
198–199
Cultural Revolution and,
321–324
destructiveness of,
16
education under,
308–311
effect of market economy on,
386–387
effect of war on,
286
end of WWII and,
288–289
fear of deviance and dissonance,
450–453
foreign relations,
329–332
government of,
297–304
as guerrilla force,
254
international reaction to,
323–327
Long March,
254–255
Manchuria and,
167
Maoism/Mao Zedong Thought,
287
modern,
448–449
nationalism and,
456–457
nationalities’ policy,
315–318
1950s,
327–332
organization of lives of citizens,
300–301
recognition of pluralism and,
450
religion and,
326
response to returning Chinese,
243–245
Sino-Japanese War and,
249
,
261–262
,
272–274
,
279
social tensions and,
448
Sovietization of,
302–303
Third World Countries and,
320–321
,
325–326
urban planning and,
311–315
Vietnam and,
319–320
view of outside world,
318–321
See also
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Chinese diaspora,
26–28
,
55–56
,
141
,
218
,
239–245
.
See also
Chinese emigration
Chinese Eastern Railway,
167
Chinese Educational Mission,
72
Chinese emigration
to cities,
214
conflict in immigrant communities,
233–234
to Europe,
229–231
exploitation of immigrants,
233
,
235
19th-century,
213–216
return to China,
231–232
to Singapore,
221–223
to South America,
226–228
to Southeast Asia,
213
,
215
,
216–221
to Taiwan,
113–114
transnational,
216
to United States,
223–226
Chinese Equal Rights League,
225
Chinese history textbooks,
416–417
Chinese language, 20th-century changes in,
206–207
Chinese modernities,
439–441
CCP and,
291
Christianity and,
192
contemporary,
455–458
ethnicity and,
150–151
Japanese nationalism
vs.,
120–121
overseas Chinese returning to China and,
220–221
Republic of China and,
169
revolution of 1911 and,
139
Sino-Japanese War and,
247–248
,
265
Chinese people
defining,
29–30
love-hate relationship with US,
133
Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese Military and Political University,
308
Chinese Protectorates in the Straits Settlements,
221
Chinese students abroad,
236–239
return home to market economy,
387
Chinese travelers,
76–79
Chinese world exposition,
203–204
Chow, Vivian (Zhou Chenggui),
229
Choy, Armando,
228
Christianity,
68–70
,
127–129
,
189–192
,
326
Chu Chengbo,
103
Chui, Gustavo,
228
Chuikov, Vasilii,
198
Chung, Arthur,
228
Churchill, Winston,
280