Sex & God: How Religion Distorts Sexuality (41 page)

parthenogenesis,
50

partners, sexual,
111

pastors

depression,
222–223

inappropriate behavior,
86
,
222–223

marriage,
224

power,
224

patriarchal religions,
148

Paul,
51
,
56

Paulk, Earl,
47

penises

bone,
103
,
110

bonobo,
107

chimpanzee,
104

duck,
100–102

gorilla,
103

human,
107–111

Peter,
51

Phillip, Gospel of,
52

physical experiences, brain functioning,
124

physical marking,
163–165

Pinker, Stephen,
252

Pistis Sophia, Gospel of,
52

polygyny,
59

police, religious,
70

Polo, Marco,
137

polyamory,
248
,
260
,
261
,
272

polyandry,
59

polygamy

choice,
243–244

Christianity,
57–59

class,
57

Judaism,
57–58

Muslim,
127

Old Testament,
58

serial,
112

polygyny,
59

Pompey the Great,
143

Pope John-Paul II,
55

pornography,
143
,
193

power,
202–203
,
224

practices, religious,
28

preadolescent indoctrination,
88

preferences, secondary,
121

preferences, sexual,
114–116
,
119–120

pregnancy,
174–175
,
199
,
226
,
230

premarital sex,
168–169
,
198–199
,
276
,
277

priests

inappropriate behavior,
86

respect,
89–90

sex education,
169

sexuality,
170–171

worship of Mary,
55

procreation

bonobo,
106

duck,
101

rates,
110
,
278–279

role,
39
,
108
,
203

without fertilization,
50

programming

chemical,
117
,
228

genetic,
116

religious,
124
,
227
,
235–236
,
264

sexual,
200

propagation of religion,
31
,
191
,
235–236
,
264
,
278

property ownership,
140–141
,
252–253
,
255

property rights,
57

prostitution,
141
,
142

Protestant youth,
125

public schools,
86

punishment,
161–162
,
175

R

rapes, Catholic school,
86

Regnerus, Mark,
125
,
198

reinforcing beliefs,
29–31

relationships

communication,
245
,
265–266

expectations,
249

jealousy,
256

New Relationship Energy (NRE),
234
,
242

religion,
234

sexual issues,
246

socio-sexual orientation (SSO),
218–220
,
242–243

religion.
See also
religion
,
culture
;
religiosity

abstinence,
191

achievement,
123

childrearing,
237–238

communication,
194–195
,
239–240

conversion,
234
,
237

disease,
159–160

goal,
23
,
191

guilt,
234

leaving,
180
,
183–186
,
223
,
246

marriage,
192
,
234
,
247–248

metaphor,
27

motivation,
123

New Relationship Energy (NRE),
234
,
236

propagation,
23
,
31
,
39
,
191

relationships,
234
,
239–240

sex,
258

sexual behavior,
185–186
,
234

sexual intimidation,
204

socio-sexual orientation (SSO),
217

women,
199

religion, culture.
See also
religion

agriculturalist culture,
140

Chinese,
144

monotheistic,
148

patriarchal,
148

Roman,
143

tribal,
145

universal,
158

religiosity.
See also
religion
;
religion, culture

anger,
186

child abuse,
74
,
225

communication,
198–199

divorce rates,
74

genetics,
210–213

non-shared environment,
210–213

pornography,
74–75

risk aversion,
76

sexual activity,
168
,
238

sexually transmitted infections,
229

shared environment,
210–213

teenage pregnancy,
226
,
229

religious police,
70

religious practices,
28

religious programming,
124
,
227
,
235–236
,
264

religious propagation,
31
,
191
,
234–236
,
264
,
278

religious versus secular sexual behavior,
23
,
168
,
267

reproduction

bonobo,
106

duck,
101

rates,
110
,
278–279

role,
39
,
108
,
203

without fertilization,
50

respect of authority,
89–90

restriction of behavior,
39–40

reward,
161–162

Richard Dawkins,
243

Richardson, Kim Michele,
92

Rich Lyons,
192
,
223
,
237

Rick Warren,
175

risk aversion,
76–77

ritual cleansing,
150

Robert Heinlein,
261

Robert Sapolsky,
123
,
129

Roberts, Oral,
51

Roman culture

polygamy,
57

pornography,
143

prostitution,
142

religion,
143

sexuality,
142

Roy Baumeister,
214

Rushdie, Salman,
66

S

Salman Rushdie,
66

Samoan culture,
252

Sapolsky, Robert,
124
,
129

Sargant, William,
227

scandals, church,
74
,
226

scarcity of sex,
258–260

Scientology,
67–68

secondary preferences,
121

secular versus religious sexual behavior,
23
,
168
,
267

selection, mate,
114–116

self-defeating behavior,
258

self-sex

homosexuality,
204

Mormonism,
176–177

myth,
44
,
56–57

parental attitudes,
181

primates,
215

semen,
104–105
,
107–111

serial polygamy,
112

sex education,
168–169
,
181
,
198

sex, limited commodity,
258–260

sex-negative environment,
158
,
159
,
166
,
199

sex organs

bonobo,
107

chimpanzee,
104

duck,
100
-102

evolution,
100

gorilla,
103

human,
107–111

sex, premarital,
168–169
,
198–199
,
276
,
277

sex, scarcity of,
258–260

sexual behavior.
See also
sexual behavior, human

animal,
38–39

bonobo,
105
,
107
,
215

chimpanzee,
104
,
215

duck,
100–102

gorilla,
103

swan,
270

sexual behavior, human.
See also
sexual behavior

adaptability,
145

adolescents,
182

communication,
183

compared to animals,
39–40

gender differences,
214–215

jealousy,
259

leaving religion,
180
,
183–186

marriage,
37–38
,
234

partners,
111–112

penises,
107–111

preferences,
114–116
,
119–120

religion,
185–186

religiosity,
238

religious versus secular,
23
,
168
,
267

reproduction,
108
,
110

self-defeating,
258

semen,
107–111

sex organs,
107–111

young adults,
182–183

sexual dimorphism,
102–103

sexual maps

Black culture,
173

clergy,
175

cultural influence,
214

forming,
34–37

jealousy,
257

origin,
114

priests,
170

religion,
246

sexual myths.
See
myths

sexual orientation,
118

sexual partners,
111

sexual preferences,
114–116
,
119–120

sexual programming,
200

sexuality

agriculturalist culture,
140

Christianity,
151–152
,
155

Greek religion,
142

Hadza culture,
134

Islam,
155

Jesus,
59

Judaism,
149–150

Mangaian culture,
135–136

Na culture,
136–137

Roman culture,
142

sexually transmitted infections,
229

shame

Christianity,
64

community,
63

defined,
62

family,
63

Greek,
63–64

versus guilt,
62

Islam,
64–66

Jehovah's Witnesses,
67–68

masturbation,
177

Mormonism,
67–68

Muslim,
62
,
67

Scientology,
67–68

shared environment,
208
,
209
,
210–213

siblings, Jesus,
54

Simpson,
215–216

sin, original,
44

size differences, male and female,
102–103

Smith, Emma,
53

Smith, Joseph,
34
,
51
,
53

social isolation,
129

societies.
See
culture

Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI),
215–216

socio-sexual orientation (SSO) excitement versus security,
242–243

marriage,
224–225

relationships,
218–220

religion,
217

scale,
215–216

SOI (Sociosexual Orientation Inventory),
215–216

Solon,
141

soul,
264–265

species classification,
100

sperm competition,
105

SSO (socio-sexual orientation)

excitement versus security,
242–243

marriage,
224–225

relationships,
218–220

religion,
217

scale,
215–216

stages, developmental,
114

Stephen Pinker,
252

stopping abuse,
93

submission,
122–123
,
129
,
224

suicide,
176

surveys,
180
,
222

Susan Cohen,
173

Susan Pease Gadoua,
248

swans,
270

symbols, religious,
28–31

T

Taoism,
144

Ted Haggard,
47

teenage pregnancy, religiosity,
226
,
229

terror,
26

Tertullian,
53
,
152

testosterone,
122–123

Theo Van Gogh,
66

Thomas, Gary,
37
,
48

thought distortion,
81

tokens, religious,
28–31

tribal religions,
145
,
159

twin studies,
211
,
216

U

universal religion,
158–159