Read Shakespeare: A Life Online
Authors: Park Honan
Tags: #General, #History, #Literary Criticism, #European, #Biography & Autobiography, #Great Britain, #Literary, #English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh, #Europe, #Biography, #Historical, #Early modern; 1500-1700, #Entertainment & Performing Arts, #Performing Arts, #History & Criticism, #Shakespeare, #Theater, #Dramatists; English, #Stratford-upon-Avon (England)
| G. Petti's transcriptions and his remarks on the rapid Elizabethan secretary hand, in English Literary Hands from Chaucer to Dryden ( Cambridge, Mass., 1977), 86-7, and the comments in EKC, Facts , i. 504-6. Variants in the six signatures have less to do with the playwright's psyche than with the age's lax spelling. On the printing of his name, see Margreta de Grazia and Peter Stallybrass, "The Materiality of the Shakespearean Text", Shakespeare Quarterly , 44 ( 1993), 255-83. | |
| 9. | Katherine Duncan-Jones, "Much Ado with Red and White: The Earliest Readers of Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis (1593)", Review of English Studies , 44 ( 1993), 479-501. |
| 10. | MS Folger, L. b. 338. |
| 11. | G. P. V. Akrigg, Shakespeare and the Earl of Southampton ( 1968), 39. |
| 12. | MS BL M/485/41. |
| 13. | E. E. Duncan-Jones, in London Review of Books , 7 Oct. 1993. Legge died in 1607. |
| 14. | Willobie His Avisa , ed. G. B. Harrison ( Edinburgh, 1966), 218; TLS, 17 Sept. 1925. |
| 15. | Hallett Smith, "Poems", in J. F. Andrews (ed.), Shakespeare , 3 vols. ( New York, 1985), ii. 447-9. |
| 16. | Ben Jonson, ed. C. H. Herford and P. and E. Simpson, II vols. ( Oxford, 1925-52), i. 142. |
| 17. | Palladis Tamia. Wits Treasury Being the Second part of Wits Commonwealth ( 1598), sigs. OoI v -Oo2. |
| 18. | See M. G. Brennan, "The Literary Patronage of the Herbert Family, Earls of Pembroke, 1550-1640" (D.Phil., Oxford, 1982). |
| 19. | Simon Callow, Being an Actor ( 1985), 27-8. |
| 20. | The Sonnets and A Lover's Complaint , ed. John Kerrigan (Harmondsworth, 1986), 441-4. |
| 21. | See Patricia Fumerton's instructive essay on sonnet practices, ' "Secret" Arts: Elizabethan Miniatures and Sonnets' (in S. Greenblatt (ed.), Representing the English Renaissance ( Berkeley, Ca., 1988), 93-133), and the dedicatory epistles in sonnet sequences such as Samuel Daniel Delia ( 1592), William Percy Coelia ( 1594), and Robert Tofte Laura ( 1597). |
| 22. | Works , ed. R. B. McKerrow, 5 vols. ( Oxford, 1966), iii. 329. |
| 23. | Samuel Daniel, Poems and a Defence of Ryme , ed. A. C. Sprague ( 1950): Sonnet 47 ( 1594), lines 9-10, and Sonnet 46 ( 1592), lines 6-8. |
| 24. | I. B. [ John Benson], "To the Reader", in Poems. Written by Wil. Shake-speare, Gent . ( 1640). |
| 25. | George Gascoigne, The Posies , ed. J. W. Cunliffe ( Cambridge, 1907), 471-2. |
| 26. | Quoted in Shakespeare's Sonnets , Arden edn., ed. K. Duncan-Jones (Walton-onThames, 1997), 95-6. |
| 27. | Helen Vendler, The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets ( Cambridge, Mass., 1997), 6. |
| 28. | Kenneth Muir, Shakespeare the Professional ( 1973), 233 n. 17. |
| 29. | King John's editors carry on a brisk dialogue not only about its composition |
-438-
| date; King John has been seen on stage regularly since the Restoration -- unlike Henry VI. |
| 1. | William Fleetwood to Lord Burghley , 18 June 1584; Sir Robert Naunton, Fragmenta Regalia ( 1653), sigs. C6 v -C7. |
| 2. | Having wed Lanier, Aemilia Lanyer so styled herself as the author of a poem on Christ's Passion, Salve Deus Rex Judϑorum ( 1611), dedicated to nine ladies of the court. |
| 3. | M. Eccles, "Elizabethan Actors", Notes and Queries , 235 ( 1991), 43. |
| 4. | See Diary , 21-30; EKC, Stage , iv0. 316. R. L. Knutson, The Repertory of Shakespeare's Company 1594-1603 ( Fayetteville, Ark., 1991), 29. |
| 5. | The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romanes, compared together by . . . Plutarke of Chaeronea , trans. Sir Thomas North ( 1579); Pickering & Chatto, catalogue 658, item 37. |
| 6. | Shakespeare Centre Library, SR 93. 2, no. 6223. |
| 7. | Diary , 88 (modern spelling). King Henry V , ed. A. Gurr ( Cambridge, 1992), 235. |
| 8. | See E. Nungezer A Dictionary of Actors ( New York, 1929), and supplementary data on the actors' assets, inheritances, and purchases in M. Eccles, "Elizabethan Actors" (four parts), Notes and Queries , 235-8 ( 1991-3). |
| 9. | See A. H. Nelson, in Shakespeare Quarterly , 49 ( 1998), 74-83. |
| 10. | D. W. Foster first described his computer-assisted work to determine WS's acting in Shakespeare Newsletter , nos. 209-11 ( 1991); later he modified his findings; so far, no one can be sure as to the poet's roles in his own, Jonson's, or other plays. EKC, Facts , ii. cites the 17th-century reports. |
| 11. | EKC, Stage , iv. 318. |
| 12. | Steve Rappaport, Worlds within Worlds ( Cambridge, 1989), 295-8. |
| 13. | Dekker, Works , ed. F. Bowers, 4 vols. ( Cambridge, 1953-61), iii. 121-2. |
| 14. | MS SBTRO, 10 Jan. 1568-23 Jan. 1577. |
| 15. | MS Folger, W. B. 80 (J.O.H.-P. scrapbook): 'Doll Phillips soomtymes . . . callyd the Queene of Fayris . . . was condempnid at Loondon & whippid throughe Loondon for cossonnadge & so let goe' ( 1595). |
| 16. | See T. B. Stroup, in Shakespeare Quarterly , 29 ( 1978), 79-82. |
| 17. | 2 Henry IV, Epilogue, 8-9. |
| 18. | John Nichols, The Progresses, and Public Processions, of Queen Elizabeth , 4 vols. ( 1788-1821), ii. 41. |
| 19. | EKC, Facts , ii. 325. Augustine Phillips was examined, on oath, ten days after Essex's abortive coup of Sunday, 8 Feb. 1601. |
| 20. | William Empson, in Kenyon Review , 15 ( 1953), 221; James Laver, Costume in the Theatre ( 1964), 96. |
-439-
| 21. | John Stow, A Survey of London , ed. C. L. Kingsford, 2 vols. ( Oxford, 1971), i. 211, 216. |
| 22. | Stephen Greenblatt, Shakespearean Negotiations ( Oxford, 1988), 42. |
| 23. | Henry V, ed. Gurr, 12-15, 34-7. |
| 24. | MS Folger, V. b. 34. |
| 25. | Leslie Hotson, Shakespeare versus Shallow ( 1931), 111-22; The Merry Wives of Windsor , Arden edn., ed. H. O. Oliver (Methuen, 1971) pp. xlv-xlvi. |
| 26. | See the discussion of topical allusions in Barbara Freedman, 'Shakespearean Chronology, Ideological Complicity, and Floating Texts: Something is Rotten in Windsor', Shakespeare Quarterly , 45 ( 1994), 190-210, esp. 199-203. |
| 1. | MS Folger, W. b. 141. |
| 2. | Peter Thomson, Shakespeare's Professional Career ( Cambridge, 1992), 122. |
| 3. | MS Oxford, A. 5. 6, 25 Feb. 1595. |
| 4. | M&A v. 17-18. |
| 5. | The joke relates less explicitly to WS's motto than to Nashe joke in Pierce Penilesse about emending a vow to give up salt cod ('not without Mustard, Good Lord, not without Mustard'); Works , ed. R. B. McKerrow, 5 vols. ( Oxford, 1966), i. 171. |
| 6. | College of Arms, Vincent MS 157, Article 24 (20 Oct. 1596). |
| 7. | C. W. Scott-Giles, Shakespeare's Heraldry ( 1950), 28-39, esp. 32. |
| 8. | EKC, Stage , i. 350; SS, DL 230; ME 84-6. |
| 9. | ME 108. |
| 10. | Bearman, 8. |
| 11. | B. Roland Lewis, The Shakespeare documents , 2 vols. (Stanford, Ca., 1941), i. 156; ME 69-70; E. A. J. Honigmann and Susan Brock, Playhouse Wills , 1558- 1642 ( Manchester, 1993), 107. |
| 12. | E. I. Fripp, Shakespeare: Man and Artist , 2 vols. ( Oxford, 1964.), ii. 496, 674, 788, 837-8; ME 69. |
| 13. | T. Kishi, R. Pringle, and S. Wells (eds.), Shakespeare and Cultural Traditions (Newark, Del., 1994), 134-5. |
| 14. | Quoted in Keith Wrightson, English Society 1580-1680 ( 1982), 95; the spelling of Ann Clifford's words has been modernized. |
| 15. | MS SBTRO, 11 Aug. 1596. |
| 16. | David Cressy, Birth, Marriage, and Death: Ritual, Religion, and the Life-Cycle in Tudor and Stuart England ( Oxford, 1997), 393. |
| 17. | PRO, SP 12/79. |
| 18. | Ibid. |
| 19. | EKC, Facts , ii. 95. |
| 20. | ME 89. |
-440-
| 21 | . For Vertue's comments and sketches in Oct. 1737, see Frank Simpson, "New Place: The Only Representation of Shakespeare's House from an Unpublished Manuscript", Shakespeare Survey , 5 ( 1952), 55-7; Simpson's own comments on plate 1 are questionable. See also ME 89-90. |
| 22 | . Fripp, Shakespeare , ii. 466-1; S. Schoenbaum, William Shakespeare: Records and Images ( 1981), 53. |
| 23 | . ME 91, 98. |
| 24 | . MS SBTRO, Misc. Doc. i (BRU 15/1), 106 ('The noate of Corne & malte Taken the iiij th of ffebrwarij' ( 1598)). |
| 25 | MS SBTRO, BRU 15/1/135 ( 24 Jan. 1598). |
| 26 | . Ibid. |
| 27 | . Bearman, 27-8. |
| 28 | . Quoted in E. I. Fripp, Master Richard Quyny ( Oxford, 1924.), 120 ( Nov. 1597). |
| 29 | . MS SBTRO, BRU 15/1/136 ( 4 Nov. 1598). |
| 30 | . Bearman, 33. |
| 31 | . MSS SBTRO, ER 27/4 ( 25 Oct. 1598) and BRU 5/1/136 ( 4 Nov. 1598) and 5/1/131 ( Oct. 1598). Throughout, I have modernized Quiney's and Sturley's spelling. |
| 32 | . Roger Pringle on Stow's Survey, in J. F. Andrews (ed.), Shakespeare , 3 vols. ( New York, 1985), i. 275; François Laroque, Shakespeare's Festive World , trans. Janet Lloyd ( Cambridge, 1993), esp. ch. 4. |
| 33 | . MS SBTRO, BRU 15/1/136. |
| 34 | . It is not clear who (or how many) hit Quiney; but he was threatened by Greville's bailiff, or steward, some days before he was struck down in a room among Greville's men. Cf. Fripp, Shakespeare , ii. 542-9, 576-8, and ME 97-8. |
| 35 | . Richard Wilson, "Enclosure Riots", Shakespeare Quarterly , 43 ( 1992), 1-19; V. H. T. Skipp, ' Forest of Arden, 1530- 1649 ', Agricultural History Review , 18 ( 1970), 84-111, esp. 95. |
| 36 | . Anne Barton, Shakespeare and the Idea of the Play ( 1977), 155. |
| 1 | . Mary Edmond, "Hudson and the Burbages", Notes and Queries , 239 ( 1994.), 502-3. |
| 2 | . Nicholas Rowe, "Some Account of the Life, ∧c. of Mr. William Shakespear", in Shakespeare, Works , ed. Rowe, 6 vols. ( 1709), i. pp. xii-xiii. |
| 3 | . Ben Jonson , ed. C. H. Herford and P. and E. Simpson, 11 vols. ( Oxford, 1925-52), iii. 440. |
| 4 | . MS Bodleian, Arch. F. c.37 ( John Aubrey). |
| 5 | . Ben Jonson , ed. Herford and Simpson, viii. 584, 392. |
| 6 | . Ibid. i. 133, viii. 583 . |
| 7 | . I. A. Shapiro offers a good analysis of the relevant legends and evidence in "The Mermaid Club" , Modern Language Review , 45 ( 1950), 6-17. |
-441-