She Has Her Mother's Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity (78 page)

“no peculiarity . . .”
: Quoted in Goddard 1912, p.2.

“. . . the connection between nature and their being”
: The Vineland Training School 1899, p. 28.

“. . . cause these songs of savagery to become the songs of civilization”
: Ibid.

“off for camp”
: Smith and Wehmeyer 2012b.

“We are doing God's work”
: The Vineland Training School 1898.

“. . . study of the deficient and delinquent classes . . .”
: Ibid.

“disreputable lives”
: The Vineland Training School 1899, p. 12.

“She is an almost perfect worker”
: Quoted in Goddard 1908.

“How many cents have I?”
: See Goddard 1908, 1910, 1911.

“Nobody knew me or cared a whit . . .”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 342.

“Quaker jail”
: Ibid., p. 20.

“In all my adult life”
: Ibid., p. 23.

“a law of child nature . . .”
: Ibid., p. 52.

“I never dreaded anything more”
: Goddard 1931, p. 56.

“a great family . . .”
: Quoted in Goddard 1910b, p. 275.

“. . . a great human laboratory”
: Ibid., p. 275.

“Degeneracy is increasing . . .”
: The Vineland Training School 1906, p. 28.

“. . . some way of exercising these brains . . .”
: The Vineland Training School 1907, p. 39.

“After two years my work was so poor . . .”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 91.

a new exam called the Simon-Binet test
: Goldstein, Princiotta, and Naglieri 2015.

“otherwise called good sense . . .”
: Ibid., p. 158.

“. . . a mathematical proof . . .”
: The Vineland Training School 1911, p. 311.

“It cannot be cured”
: The Vineland Training School 1909, p. 41.

“after-admission blank”
: See Goddard 1910a.

“collect data on heredity”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 154.

a geneticist by the name of Charles Davenport
: Porter 2018.

Davenport had leaped to fame only a few years before
: Witkowski 2015.

“. . . from the field of speculative sciences . . .”
: Davenport 1899, p. 39.

“. . . wide fields of unexpected facts . . .”
: de Vries 1904, p. 41.

Inspecting his canaries, he concluded
: Davenport 1908.

“I can hardly express my enthusiasm . . .”
: Quoted in Porter 2018.

“As to the nature of the ‘genes'”
: Quoted in Falk 2014.

“a pleasing manner and address . . .”
: Goddard 1914, p. 24.

“seem to conform perfectly to the Mendelian law”
: The Vineland Training School 1909, p. 42.

“. . . famous the world over and for all time”
: Ibid., p. 43.

“. . . the color of your hair . . .”
: Goddard 1916, p. 269.

“She would lead a life that would be vicious . . .”
: Goddard 1912, p. 12.

“Her philosophy of life is the philosophy of the animal”
: Ibid.

“The biologist could hardly plan . . .”
: Ibid., p. 69.

“. . . the most valuable that have ever been contributed . . .”
: The Vineland Training School 1910, p. 35.

“. . . our best people must replenish the Earth”
: Goddard 1916, p. 270.

“a brief word . . .”
: Galton 1883, p. 24.

“a gentle painless death”
: McKim 1899, p. 188.

“the salvation of the race through heredity”
: Davenport 1911, p. 260.

“The Elimination of Feeble-Mindedness”
: Goddard 1911a.

“but all these causes combined . . .”
: Ibid., p. 510.

“boy crazy”
: Hill and Goddard, 1911.

sterilization
: Reilly 1991, 2015.

“. . . a carefully worded sterilization law . . .”
: Goddard 1911a, p. 270.

“. . . bad stock”
: Goddard 1912, p. 12.

“No amount of education or good environment . . .”
: Ibid., p. 53.

“I doubt if there is in all literature . . .”
: See “How One Sin Perpetuates Itself” 1916, p. 6.

“imbeciles, feeble-minded and persons with physical or mental defects . . .”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 266.

“We were in fact most inadequately prepared for the task”
: Goddard 1917, p. 271.

“The same arguments which induce us to segregate . . .”
: Ibid., p. 264.

“They can hardly stand by themselves as valid”
: Ibid., p. 274.

“. . . we are getting now the poorest of each race”
: Ibid., p. 266.

“Morons beget morons”
: Ibid., p. 270.

“If the latter, as seems likely . . .”
: Ibid., p. 280.

“. . . testing of the 1,700,000 men . . .”
: Goddard 1931, p. 59.

“moron majority”
: White 1922.

“And then will come perfect government”
: Goddard 1920, p. 99.

“My home”
: Quoted in Smith 1985.

“dignified courtesy”
: Quoted in Smith and Wehmeyer 2012a, p. 205.

“You could put more pep in it”
: Quoted in Doll 2012, p. 32.

“kindly dismissed by a lenient justice-of-the-peace”
: Quoted in Smith 1985, p. 31.

“. . . she would return pregnant”
: Quoted in Allen 1983, p. 79.

“It isn't as if I'd done anything really wrong”
: Quoted in Smith 1985, p. 33.

“fatal error”
: Quoted in Smith and Wehmeyer 2012a, p. 127.

“Such children should never be born”
: Gosney and Popenoe 1929, p. viii.

Carrie Buck
: Cohen 2016.

“a social and racial crime of the first magnitude”
: Quoted in Moses and Stone 2010.

“. . . lest we admit more degenerate ‘blood'”
: Laughlin 1920.

a government-run program to breed the best parents
: Weiss 2010.

“The head of the German ethno-empire . . .”
: Quoted in Poliakov 1974, p. 298.

“Questions which were only cautiously touched upon . . .”
: Quoted in Kühl 2002, p. 41.

“. . . can not perpetuate his suffering
 . . .” Stephen Spielberg Film and Video Archive.

“There is only one answer: heredity”
: Quoted in Kühl 2002, p. 42.

“racial hygiene” laws
: Reilly 2015.

a suitcase, books, bottles, and other objects
: Proctor 1988.

a program to kill children judged to be idiots
: Lifton 2000.

“Can you name the four seasons?”
: Quoted in Burleigh 2001, p. 370.

Walter Lippmann
: Lippmann 1922.

Abraham Myerson
: Myerson 1925.

“used his germplasm in orthodox fashion . . .”
: Ibid., p. 78.

“. . . any definite information about my great-great-grandfather . . .”
: Ibid., p. 79.

Drosophila melanogaster
: See Endersby 2009; Schwartz 2008.

many genes could influence a single trait
: Morgan 1915.

“It is of the utmost importance . . .”
: See “Mendelism Up to Date” 1916, p. 20.

“It is extravagant to pretend . . .”
: Morgan 1925, p. 201

“In reality, our ideas are very vague”
: Ibid., p. 208.

extra legs if they were born in the winter
: Ibid., p. 41.

“. . . demoralizing social conditions that might swamp a family . . .”
: Ibid., p. 201.

“The student of human heredity . . .”
: Ibid., p. 205.

“futile system”
: Quoted in Allen 2011, p. 317.

“a worthless endeavor from top to bottom”
: Quoted in Yudell 2014, p. 195.

“her chances of going insane were no better than my own”
: Dunlap 1940, p. 225.

Amram Scheinfeld
: Scheinfeld 1944.

“As for myself”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 326.

“Half of the world must take care of the other half”
: Goddard 1931, p. 59.

“. . . all I could stand for one day!”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 323.

“Much in the way of polish is lacking . . .”
: Goddard 1942.

“The author's conclusion . . .”
: Quoted in Associated Press 1957.

“. . . a feeble-minded tavern girl”
: Quoted in Garrett 1955.

“the vote of the feeble-minded person . . .”
: Tucker 1994.

curious investigators
: Smith and Wehmeyer 2012a; Straney 1994.

A pair of genealogists, David Macdonald and Nancy McAdams
: Macdonald and McAdams 2001.

Public records show he was a landowner
: Smith and Wehmeyer 2012a.

“Emma was tall and reticent”
: Quoted in Allen 1983, p. 52.

I'm a gypsy
: Doll 2012.

“I guess after all I'm where I belong”
: Quoted in Smith and Wehmeyer 2012a.

“for a dear, wonderful friend . . .”
: Quoted in Smith 1985, p. 30.

“She was devoted to the people . . .”
: Quoted in Allen 1983, p. 52.

“The nicest thing about it”
: Quoted in Zenderland 1998, p. 339.

Pearl Buck
: See Buck 1950; Conn 1996; Finger and Christ 2004; Harris 1969; Paul and Brosco 2013; Spurling 2011.

“Doesn't she look very wise . . .”
: Buck 1950, p. 32.

“He has never seen or understood anything”
: Quoted in Conn 1996, p. 182.

“I realized I must leave her in some place”
: Quoted in Spurling 2011, p. 181.

“I had found out enough to know . . .”
: Buck 1950, p. 59.

“I saw children playing around the yards behind the cottages . . .”
: Ibid., p. 45.

“Only the thought of a future with the child grown old . . .”
: Quoted in Spurling 2011, p. 182.

“a creature hopelessly mongrel”
: Quoted in Conn 1996, p. 230.

“It is not a shame at all but something private . . .”
: Quoted in Finger and Christ 2010, p. 45.

“I would gladly have written nothing . . .”
: Quoted in Conn 1996, p. 132.

“I feel toward her as tenderly as ever . . .”
: Quoted in Harris 1969, p. 279.

“I have been a long time making up my mind . . .”
: Buck 1950, p. 106.

“It was my child who taught me to understand so clearly . . .”
: Ibid., p. 52.

“Though the mind has gone away . . .”
: Ibid., p. 43.

Borgny Egeland
: On the discovery of PKU, see Centerwall and Centerwall 2000; Harper 2008; Kaufman 2004; Messner 2012; Paul and Brosco 2013.

Lionel Penrose
: See Comfort 2012; Harper 1992; Harris 1974; Kevles 1995; Laxova 1998; Valles 2012; Wellcome Library.

“pretentious and absurd”
: Penrose 1949, p. 22.

lurid tales like
The Kallikak Family
: Penrose 1933.

“That mental deficiency . . .”
: Quoted in Penrose 1933, p. 146.

“The first consideration in the prevention of mental deficiency . . .”
: Ibid., p. 164.

a single sample turned green
: Penrose 1935.

“preferable to the original . . .”
: Quoted in Penrose 1946, p. 949.

“an abominable abbreviation.”
: Quoted in Paul and Brosco 2013, p. 15.

“I was informed that this patient . . .”
: Ibid.

“Phenylketonuria: A Problem in Eugenics”
: See Penrose 1946.

Rosalind Franklin
: Maddox 2002.

Later generations of scientists
: Robson et al. 1982; Woo et al. 1983.

“Her mother was not at all impressed . . .”
: Quoted in Bickel 1996, p. S2.

filming a silent movie
: New England Consortium of Metabolic Programs 2010.

25 percent of people with PKU lived to the age of thirty
: Paul and Brosco 2013.

“Attagirl,” the president said
: Hunter 1961.

memorialized by an official White House photograph
: White House Photographs 1961.

Sheila and Kammy appeared in
Life
: “New Way to Detect a Dread Disease” 1962.

“. . . a child can live a normal life”
: “U.S. Panel Urges Testing at Birth” 1961.

the first person with PKU to gain a PhD
: Beck 1998.

“In Carol's case nothing matters . . .”
: Quoted in Paul and Brosco 2013, p. 226.

“. . . the same unusual odor”
: Centerwall and Centerwall 2000, p. 89.

Pearl “had trouble accepting . . .”
: Buck 1992, p. 97.

Crayons and coloring books
: Conn 1996.

“The possession of a genetic map . . .”
: Quoted in Paul and Brosco 2013.

“If you simply remove foods . . .”
: Quoted in Collins, Weiss, and Kathy 2001.

“PKU is the example where the paradigm was proven”
: Quoted in Paul and Brosco 2013.

deep flaws
: See Panofsky 2014; Yudell 2014.

“. . . both disingenuous and misleading”
: Rose 1972.

“It turns out,” he cheerfully wrote
: See Wright 1995.

children growing up on a low-phenylalanine diet
: Paul and Brosco 2013.