Taste: Surprising Stories and Science About Why Food Tastes Good (68 page)

Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.

accidents,
23
,
43
,
63
–64,
302
–5,
317
,
353
–54

acesulfame potassium (aceK),
215
,
216

acetazolamide (Diamox),
264

acetic acid,
38
,
231

Achatz, Grant,
47
–48,
66
,
94

acidity,
38
–39,
88
,
197
,
214
,
226
–33,
235
–36

Brix-to-acid balance and,
220
–21,
226
,
235

freshness and,
71

measuring,
92

pH and,
220
,
230
–32,
234
,
238
,
240
–41

in tomatoes,
70

Acoustiblok,
119

adaptation,
320
–21,
349
–50,
358

masking flavors and,
273

SlimScents and,
315
;
see also
smell, adaptation to

taste adaptation

Adjusting the Bitterness of Coffee exercise,
211

Advil,
97
,
273

ageusia,
82
–84

aging,
91
,
92
,
125
,
147
,
168
–72,
249
,
324
,
351
–52

smell and,
168
–72,
305
,
351
–53,
355
,
358

taste and,
170
–71,
172
,
352
,
353
,
355

air, scented,
64
–67,
358

Ajinomoto,
245
,
249
,
264

alcohol,
84
,
88
,
110
,
120
,
195
,
235
,
286
–87,
328

professional tasting of,
144

sugar vs.,
223
;
see also
beer

wine, wine drinking

Alinea,
47
–48,
65
–66,
94

alkalinity,
230
,
231
,
232
,
240
–41

altitude sickness,
264
,
287
,
288

Alzheimer’s disease,
23
,
169
–70,
171

amino acids,
39
,
197
,
222
,
247
–48,
253

ammonia,
284
,
304

anesthesia,
143
,
308

Animal restaurant,
251
–52,
253

anosmias,
61
,
82
–85

anti-inflammatory properties,
97
–98,
202

appetite,
291
–92,
302
,
341

appetizers, for vegetables,
42
–43

apple juice,
106

apples,
130
,
170
,
228
,
229

Appreciating Mouth-Smelling exercise,
79
–80

Aristotle,
261

Army, U.S.,
196

aromas,
29
,
34
–37,
42
,
44
–46,
48
,
57
,
266
,
291
,
358

associated with Basic Tastes,
191
,
208
,
221
–22,
224
,
237
,
255

astronaut food and,
297
,
298

detected outside vs. inside the mouth,
63
–64

fat’s effect on,
261
–62

fusing of,
265

mouth-smelling vs.,
66

natural flavors as,
270

number of,
71

power of,
60

rancidity and,
263

visualizing of,
309
–10

volatiles and,
56
–57,
70
–75,
72
,
204
,
270
,
273
,
298
,
356

artichoke,
279
–80

artificial and natural flavors
270
–71,
329

artificial sweeteners,
41
,
214
–17,
219
,
221
,
280
,
323

asparagus,
61
,
208
,
282

aspartame,
41
,
204
,
215
,
216
,
216
,
217
,
219
,
322

Association for Late-Deafened Adults (ALDA),
125
,
126

astringency,
88
–89,
202
–3

astronauts,
90
,
188
–89,
296
–99

attention,
133
–34,
167
,
342
,
344
,
348
–49,
350

Axel, Richard,
59

babies,
158
–63,
197
,
284

chiles and,
286

sourness and,
228
–29

sweetness and,
159
,
197
,
223

baby food,
350
–51

bacon,
191
,
203

and egg ice cream,
122

lettuce, and tomato sandwich,
255

baked goods, baking,
100
,
109
,
149
,
150
,
221
;
see also
bread

cakes

cookies

balsamic vinegar,
175
,
233
,
301
,
302

banana,
89
,
341

barbecue,
273
,
292
–93

barbecue sauce,
191
,
201
,
274

Barb’s Basic Tastes Fresh Salsa,
332
–33

Barb’s Brussels Sprouts,
209
–10

Barry, Dave,
269

Bartoshuk, Linda,
14
,
17
,
19
,
20
,
23
–26,
63
–64,
142
,
170
,
304
,
308

Crossmodality experiment of,
26
,
90

on food choices,
28
–29

on hardwired taste,
159

PROP and,
22

on smell,
61

smell loss and,
309
,
316

Basic Tastes,
173
–266,
328

airplane food and,
119

chocolate and,
137
–38

defined,
266

five,
5
,
29
,
35
–41,
56
,
57
,
57
,
71
,
92
,
254
,
291
,
297
,
350

misperceptions of,
8
–9

in saliva,
228

sixth, candidates for,
260
–66

survival and,
159
;
see also
bitterness

salt, saltiness

sourness

sweetness

umami

beans,
184
,
189

Beauchamp, Gary,
97
,
160

beauty products,
270
–71,
358

béchamel,
252
,
253

beef,
92
,
183
,
221
,
244
,
262
,
284

aged,
186
,
251

umami and,
39
,
40
,
244
,
251
;
see also
hamburgers

steak

beer,
5
,
25
,
94
–95,
106
,
120
,
287
,
295
–96

Beethoven, Ludwig van,
339
–40

beets,
105

Bell Flavor & Fragrances,
270

Ben & Jerry’s,
85
,
290

Berg, Doug,
189

beverages,
106
–8,
327
–29;
see also specific beverages

Bionovo,
205
–6

Bitrex (denatonium benzoate),
198
–99

Bitter-Masking Power of Salt exercise,
194

bitterness,
11
,
21
–29,
50
,
195
–213,
290
,
318
,
329

astringency and,
88
,
202
–3

as Basic Taste,
5
,
29
,
36
,
39
,
46
,
228

children’s rejection of,
160
–61,
197
,
198
,
199

of chocolate,
137
–38,
196
,
197
,
203
,
207
,
224

exercises for,
203
,
211
–13

medicinal effects and,
39
,
195
,
202

mutual suppression and,
181

in orange juice,
48

pairings for,
208,
235

pregnancy and,
168

PROP,
22
–27,
197
–98,
203

PTC,
25
,
206

reference food for,
139

salt paired with,
191
,
204

sweetness and,
224

taste receptors and,
51
,
182
,
197
,
198
,
200
,
235
,
273

taster types and,
19
,
21
–28

texture and,
92

wine and,
37

Blindfolded Diner exercise,
115
–16

blindness,
103
–5,
108
–9,
305

blind taste testing,
142

Blink
(Gladwell),
143

blood,
284

blowfish sushi,
164

Blumenthal, Heston,
94
,
122
,
123

Bohl, Roger
see
Roger Bohl

bolus (wad),
48
,
89
,
90

Bostwick Consistometer,
92
–93

botulinum toxin,
50

brain,
22
,
23
,
46
,
47
,
49
,
51
,
52
,
203
,
273
–79,
295
,
349

adaptation and,
149
–50,
273

disease and,
171

fat and,
261

music and,
121

new food and,
172

odor signature and,
59

pain information carried to,
98

pleasure and,
294
,
295

smell and,
59
,
60
,
64
,
278

sweetness and,
215
,
219
,
223

taste in,
274
–78

wine and,
279
–80,
295

bread,
110
,
185
,
275
,
280

aroma of,
56
–57,
149
,
180
–81,
222

loss of taste and,
308
–9

salt and,
180
–81

sourdough,
230
,
275
,
309

breakfast,
134
,
287
–88,
341
,
345
,
357

breast-feeding,
160
–62,
286
,
317

breast milk,
159
,
162
,
247
,
247

breathing,
44
,
48
,
58
,
64
–67,
356
–57

Breiter, Hans,
277

Breslin, Paul,
41
,
43
,
95
,
96
,
176
,
177
,
180
–81,
190
,
266
,
311

Brief Smell Identification Test,
69
,
307

Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme,
5
–6

Brix,
217
,
219
,
224
,
238
–39,
323

Brix-to-acid balance,
220
–21,
226
,
235

broccoli,
160
,
162
,
198
,
204
,
208
,
317
,
350

Brookfield Texture Analyzer,
93

Brussels sprouts,
11
,
25
,
27
,
28
,
111
,
160
,
162

author’s recipe for,
203
,
209
–10

balancing the bitterness of,
203
,
204
,
207
,
208

Buck, Linda,
59

butter,
72
,
170
,
262
,
308

butternut squash,
21
,
25

C2 (Coke product),
215

cabernet sauvignon,
121
,
295
,
329

Cactus Flower Restaurant,
344

Café des Amis,
125
–26

Café Kati,
15