Authors: Doris Kearns Goodwin
“there can be only…criminal than unwise”: WHS to SPC, August 4, 1845, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“educated in the Whig school”…
defining characteristics: SPC to Lyman Hall, August 6, 1849, quoted in Warden,
Private Life and Public Services,
p. 331.
decision to leave…for Seward: Gienapp,
The Origins of the Republican Party,
p. 7.
“one idea”…than with the Whigs: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 62 (quote), 67, 88, 90–91.
Chase shifted his positions: Hendrick,
Lincoln’s War Cabinet,
p. 40.
Cincinnati was a natural destination: de Tocqueville,
Democracy in America,
p. 345.
“Attorney General for the Negro”: Donnal V. Smith, “Salmon P. Chase and the Election of 1860,”
OAHQ
39 (July 1930), p. 515.
represented John Van Zandt: See Hart,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 75–78; Schuckers,
The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase,
pp. 53–66; Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 76–83.
“Moved by sympathy…very willingly”: SPC to Trowbridge, March 18, 1864, reel 32, Chase Papers.
“Under the constitution…which made him a slave”: SPC,
Reclamation of Fugitives from Service: An Argument for the Defendant, Submitted to the Supreme Court of the United States, at the December Term, 1846, in the Case of Wharton Jones vs. John Vanzandt
(Cincinnati: R. P. Donogh & Co., 1847), pp. 82–84.
“a creature of state law”: Chase,
Reclamation of Fugitives from Service,
p. 81.
“There goes…himself to-day”: Unnamed judge in Van Zandt trial quoted in
Life and Letters of Harriet Beecher Stowe,
ed. Annie Fields (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1897; Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1970), p. 145.
Chase enlisted Seward’s help as co-counsel: WHS,
In the Supreme Court of the United States: John Van Zandt, ad sectum Wharton Jones: Argument for the Defendant
(Albany, N.Y.: Weed & Parsons, 1847); Seward,
Seward at Washington…1846–1861,
pp. 39–40; Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
p. 83.
“poor old Van Zandt…be a gainer”: SPC to CS, April 24, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers (quote); SPC to Trowbridge, March 18, 1864, reel 32, Chase Papers.
argument reprinted in pamphlet form: See SPC,
Reclamation of Fugitives from Service.
“the question…a
political
movement”: CS to SPC, March 12, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
Adams and Hale: Charles Francis Adams to SPC, March 4, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers; SPC to John P. Hale, May 12, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“chaste and beautiful…own fame”: WHS to SPC, February 18, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“one of the gratifications…greatest too”: SPC to Lewis Tappan, March 18, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
In gratitude…sterling silver pitcher: For a description of the event, see
The Address and Reply on the Presentation of a Testimonial to S. P. Chase, by the Colored People of Cincinnati
(Cincinnati, Ohio: Henry W. Derby & Co., 1845); Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 85–86.
“whenever the friendless…unto me!”: “Mr. Gordon’s Address,” in
The Address and Reply on the Presentation of a Testimonial to S. P. Chase,
pp. 12–13, 18.
Chase’s reply: “Reply of Mr. Chase,” in ibid., pp. 19–35.
did not make friends easily: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
p. 130.
“little of human nature”: Lloyd, “Home-Life of Salmon Portland Chase,”
Atlantic Monthly,
p. 534.
“profoundly versed…of men”: Whitelaw Reid,
Ohio in the War,
paraphrased in Warden,
Private Life and Public Services,
p. 244.
Edwin M. Stanton: Frank Abial Flower,
Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction
(Akron, Ohio: Saalfield Publishing Co., 1905), p. 24; Belden and Belden,
So Fell the Angels,
p. 77; Henry Wilson, “Jeremiah S. Black and Edwin M. Stanton,”
Atlantic Monthly
26 (October 1870), pp. 469–70.
“when he was a boy…to slavery”: William Thaw, quoted in Flower,
Edwin McMasters Stanton,
p. 25.
death had pursued Stanton: Pamphila Stanton Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton: A Biographical Sketch,” Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio; EMS, “Mary Lamson, Wife of Edwin M. Stanton, and their infant daughter Lucy,” Edwin M. Stanton Manuscript, Mss. 1648, Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, Louisiana State University Libraries, Baton Rouge, La.
“Since our pleasant…face to face”: EMS to SPC, November 30, 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“Taxation…sincere love for you”: EMS to SPC, August 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.
Stanton felt free…“careless of the future”: EMS to SPC, November 30, 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“Many weeks…post office each day”: EMS to SPC, January 5, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“Rejoicing, as I do…upon your mercy”: EMS to SPC, March 11, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“filled my heart…bid you farewell”: EMS to SPC, December 2, 1847, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“How much I regret…not have left home”: SPC to EMS, January 9, 1848, reel 1, Papers of Edwin M. Stanton, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress [hereafter Stanton Papers, DLC].
“The practice of law…of the camp”: EMS to SPC, May 27, 1849, reel 7, Chase Papers.
“While public honors…inestimable value”: EMS to SPC, May 27, 1849, reel 7, Chase Papers.
“well aware…among men”: EMS to SPC, June 28, 1850, reel 8, Chase Papers.
CHAPTER 4: “PLUNDER & CONQUEST”
Washington was a city in progress: Beveridge,
Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858,
Vol. II, pp. 101–03.
“a full view…and Virginia”: William Q. Force, “Picture of Washington and its Vicinity for 1850,” Washington, D.C., p. 49.
“stood pig-styes…over the fields”: Samuel C. Busey, M.D.,
Personal Reminiscences and Recollections of Forty-Six Years’ Membership in the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, and Residence in this City, with Biographical Sketches of Many of the Deceased Members
(Washington, D.C.: [Philadelphia: Dornan, Printer], 1895), pp. 64–65.
population of Washington: Beveridge,
Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858,
Vol. II, p. 102.
Webster…would outlive the age: “12 October 1861, Saturday,” in John Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay,
ed. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), p. 26.
Jefferson Davis…Rhett, agitator of rebellion: Robert C. Byrd,
The Senate, 1789–1989,
Vol. I:
Addresses on the History of the United States Senate,
Bicentennial Edition, ed. Mary Sharon Hall (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988), p. 182.
“he would lay down…merriment”: Busey,
Personal Reminiscences,
pp. 25, 27.
Mary in Washington: Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
pp. 107–08; Baker,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
pp. 136–40.
background of the Mexican War: Robert W. Johannsen, “Mexican War,” in
The Reader’s Companion to American History,
ed. Foner and Garraty, pp. 722–24: McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom,
pp. 47, 49–50.
“a romantic…exotic land”: Johannsen, “Mexican War,” in
The Reader’s Companion to American History,
ed. Foner and Garraty, p. 723.
John Hardin, was…“God-speeds of men”: Beveridge,
Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858,
Vol. II, pp. 79–80.
“It is a fact…growing crops”: AL to John M. Peck, May 21, 1848, in
CW,
I, p. 473.
combat ended, peace treaty: Johannsen, “Mexican War,” in
The Reader’s Companion to American History,
ed. Foner and Garraty, p. 723.
“not let the whigs be
silent”:
AL to Usher F. Linder, March 22, 1848, in
CW,
I, p. 457.
“the original justice…of the President”: AL, “Speech in United States House of Representatives: The War with Mexico,” January 12, 1848, in ibid., p. 432.
“As you are…before long”: AL to WHH, December 13, 1847, in ibid., p. 420.
“whether the particular…hostile array”: AL, “‘Spot’ Resolutions in the United States House of Representatives,” December 22, 1847, in ibid., p. 421.
“spotty Lincoln”: Beveridge,
Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858,
Vol. II, p. 135.
“unnecessarily…be at ease”: AL, “Speech in United States House of Representatives: The War with Mexico,” January 12, 1848, in
CW,
I, pp. 432, 433, 439–41.
“treasonable assault”…only a single term:
Illinois State Register,
March 10, 1848, quoted in Beveridge,
Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858,
Vol. II, p. 135.
to “allow the President…deems it necessary”: AL to WHH, February 15, 1848, in
CW,
I, p. 451.
“I saw that Lincoln…and again”: WHH to JWW, February 11, 1887, reel 10, Herndon-Weik Collection, DLC.
only to infuriate the Democrats…fainthearted Whigs: Donald,
Lincoln,
pp. 124–25.
“no…pestilence and famine”: AL, quoting Justin Butterfield in entry for August 13, 1863, in Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House,
p. 73.
“Our population…shores of the Pacific”: WHS, 1846, quoted in Seward,
An Autobiography,
p. 791.
“not expect…national adversaries”: WHS to unknown recipient, May 28, 1846, in ibid., p. 809.
“would not have engaged in”: SPC to Gerrit Smith, September 1, 1846, reel 6, Chase Papers.
“gross…plunder & conquest”: Bates diary, March 13, 1848.
ashamed of his Whig…“Presidential election”: Bates diary, March 14, 1848.
“a war of conquest…to catch votes”:
Delaware State Journal,
June 13, 1848, quoted as “Speech at Wilmington, Delaware, June 10, 1848,” in
CW,
I, p. 476.
David Wilmot…Senate: “Wilmot Proviso,” in
The Reader’s Companion to American History,
ed. Foner and Garraty, p. 1155; David M. Potter,
The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861,
completed and ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher. New American Nation Series (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), pp. 21–23 (quote p. 21).
Lincoln positioned himself…“exist in the old”: AL to Williamson Durley, October 3, 1845, in
CW,
I, p. 348.
Bates considered the problem…pull the country apart: Cain,
Lincoln’s Attorney General,
pp. 59–60, 66.
John Calhoun led the…American territory: John C. Calhoun, February 19, 1847,
Congressional Globe,
29th Cong., 2nd sess., pp. 453–55 (quote p. 455).
“The madmen of the North…glorious Union”:
Richmond [Va.] Enquirer,
February 18, 1847.
“When you were…marry again”: AL to MTL, April 16, 1848, in
CW,
I, pp. 465–66.
“My dear Husband…love to all”: MTL to AL, May 1848, in Turner and Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
pp. 36–38.
“The leading matter…till I see you”: AL to MTL, June 12, 1848, in
CW,
I, p. 477.
“I am in favor…elect any other whig”: AL to Thomas S. Flournoy, February 17, 1848, in ibid., p. 452.
“on the blind side…hanged themselves”: AL to WHH, June 12, 1848, in ibid., p. 477.
“very willingly…Universal Freedom”: WHS to SPC, June 12, 1848, reel 6, Chase Papers.
a “doughface”: Anonymous,
A Bake-Pan for Dough-Faces
(Burlington, Vt.: Chauncey Goodrich, 1854), p. 1; Byrd,
The Senate, 1789–1989,
Vol. I, pp. 206–07.
the Free Soil Convention in Buffalo, 1848: See Foner,
Free Soil. Free Labor, Free Men,
p. 125; Blue,
Salmon P. Chase,
pp. 61–66.
asking if his name…vice presidency: Bates diary, August 5, 1848.
remained a slaveowner: Entry for Edward Bates, Dardenne, St. Charles County, Missouri, Sixth Census of the United States, 1840 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M704, reel 230), RG 29, DNA. According to Bates’s entry in the 1840s federal census, there were nine slaves in the Bates household. By 1860, the servants and farmhands employed by Bates seem to have been exclusively Irish. Entry for Edward Bates, Carondelet, St. Louis Township, St. Louis County, Missouri, Eighth Census of the United States, 1860 (National Archives Microfilm Publication M653, reel 656), RG 29, DNA.
his belief in the inferiority of the black race: Hendrick,
Lincoln’s War Cabinet,
p. 46.
one of his female slaves escaped…“plagued with them”: Bates diary, April 15, 1848.
Bates declined…“geographical party”: Bates diary, August 5, 1848.
“Free Soil, Free Speech”: SPC to Thomas Bolton, December 1, 1848, reel 7, Chase Papers.
to “prohibit slavery extension”: Smith,
The Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Old Northwest,
p. 140.
Arriving uninvited…without a speaker: Beveridge,
Abraham Lincoln, 1809–1858,
Vol. II, pp. 171–72.