Authors: Doris Kearns Goodwin
“I began…I relieved him”: AL, quoted in “25 September 1863, Sunday,” in Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House,
p. 232.
McClellan received…“visible on my face”: GBM to MEM, November 7, [1862], in
Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan,
p. 520.
“More than a hundred…shed in profusion”:
National Intelligencer,
Washington, D.C., November 14, 1862.
“In parting…an indissoluble tie”: GBM to the Army of the Potomac, November 7, 1862, in
Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan,
p. 521.
choice of Burnside proved unfortunate: Darius N. Couch, “Sumner’s ‘Right Grand Division,’” in
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War,
Vol. III, Pt. 1, p. 106; Schurz,
Reminiscences,
Vol. II, pp. 397–98.
“ten times…as he has
head”:
Entry for January 1, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
Fredericksburg Campaign: McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom,
pp. 571–72; Spencer C. Tucker, “Fredericksburg, First Battle of,” in
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War,
ed. Heidler and Heidler, pp. 774–79.
“The courage…popular government”: AL, “Congratulations to the Army of the Potomac,” December 22, 1862, in
CW,
VI, p. 13.
“awful arithmetic…Confederacy gone”: AL, paraphrased in Stoddard,
Inside the White House in War Times,
p. 101.
“more depressed…[his] life”: Entry for December 18, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 601.
Tuesday, December 16…“cause was lost”: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, pp. 231–32 (quote p. 232).
Chase had claimed…“of the cabinet”: Benjamin Wade, paraphrased in entry for December 16, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 597.
had repeatedly griped…“salvation of the country”: SPC to John Sherman, September 20, 1862, reel 22, Chase Papers (quote); SPC to Zachariah Chandler, September 20, 1862, reel 1, Chandler Papers, DLC.
“paralizing influence…the President”: Boston
Commonwealth,
December 6, 1862, quoted in David Donald,
Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), p. 87.
“President
de facto
…to Uncle Abe’s nose”:
Chicago Tribune,
quoted in Thomas,
Abraham Lincoln,
p. 352.
“controlling influence…of the President”: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 232.
“should go in…dismissal of Mr Seward”: Benjamin Wade, paraphrased in entry for December 16, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 597.
“that measures should…to the war”: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 234.
“a want of confidence…from the Cabinet”: Senator Grimes, paraphrased in ibid., p. 233.
Fessenden asked…“on mere rumors”: Ibid., p. 235.
“had no evidence…our cause greatly”: Entry for December 16, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, pp. 597–98.
“without entire…productive of evil”: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 236.
“give time for reflection”: Entry for December 16, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 598.
Preston King felt…“‘I can’t get out’”: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
pp. 146–47 (quotes); entry for December 19, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 194.
“They wish to…impose upon a child”: Entry for December 18, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 600.
“disappointed…and chagrined”: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 201.
Frances had journeyed…family for Christmas: Entry for December 22, 1862, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
“Do not come…& uncomfortable night”: Entry for c. December 18 and 20, 1862, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
Charles Sumner was particularly…of the Confederates: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 242.
Republican senators convened…December 18: Ibid., pp. 236–38.
“I saw in a moment…ray of hope”: Entry for December 18, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 600.
during a three-hour session: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 242.
Jacob Collamer…“purpose and action”: Committee of Nine paper, quoted in ibid., p. 239.
“in the hands…malignant Democrats: Benjamin Wade, paraphrased in ibid., p. 240.
“had been disgraced”: Ibid., p. 241.
“lukewarmness…
of him unperceived”
: Entry for December 19, 1862, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 269.
“shocked and grieved…confidence and zeal”: Entry for December 19, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 195.
“earnest and sad…nor passionate”: Entry for December 19, 1862, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 269.
“expressed his satisfaction…interview”: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, pp. 242–43.
“he must work it out…on the matter”: “30 October 1863, Friday,” in Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House,
p. 104.
He sent notices…and “good feeling”: Entry for December 19, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 194–95.
“could not afford to lose”: Entry for December 19, 1862, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 269.
“possible for him”…was forced to acquiesce: Entry for December 19, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 195–96 (quote p. 195).
Lincoln began…“a reasonable consideration”: Entry for December 20, 1862, ibid., p. 196; Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 243 (quote).
“all had acquiesced…once decided”: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 196.
He went on to defend Seward…Emancipation Proclamation: Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, pp. 243–44, 245–46.
“the whole Cabinet…and energetic action”: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 196–97.
Blair followed…“plural Executive”: Ibid., p. 197.
“had differed much…matters of that kind”: MB, paraphrased in Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, p. 245.
Bates expressed…as did Welles: Entry for December 19, 1862, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 270.
As he contemplated…“regard to his Cabinet”: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 199.
“he should not have come”…that substantially strengthened it: SPC, paraphrased in Fessenden,
Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden,
Vol. I, pp. 244, 246.
Neither Stanton nor Smith: Ibid., p. 249.
Lincoln asked each…would be made: Ibid., pp. 246–49; Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. VI, p. 266.
When Collamer…“He lied”: Jacob Collamer, quoted in entry for December 22, 1862, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, p. 603.
Lincoln agreed…tell the truth!: AL, paraphrased by Robert Todd Lincoln, in Nicolay,
Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln,
pp. 159–60.
Welles paid an early call…where he found Stanton: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 199–200.
“Suppose you…be left in it?”: EMS, quoted in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 147.
Welles told Seward…“greatly pleased”: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 200.
Monty Blair entered…Seward’s resignation: Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 147.
When Welles returned…hand in his own resignation: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 201.
Word had already leaked…“course of difficulties”: Henry Cooke to Jay Cooke, December 20, 1862, in Oberholtzer,
Jay Cooke,
pp. 224, 226 (quotes p. 226).
“had been painfully…neither of you longer”: Entry for December 20, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 201–02.
Lincoln wrote a letter…“your Departments respectively”: AL to WHS and SPC, December 20, 1862, in
CW,
VI, p. 12.
“Seward comforts…deems a necessity”: Entry for December 23, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 205.
“Yes, Judge…end of my bag!”: AL, quoted in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 148.
“I have cheerfully…to your command”: WHS to AL, December 21, 1862, Lincoln Papers.
“come as soon as possible”: Entry for December 22, 1862, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
“Will you allow me…than in your cabinet”: SPC to AL, December 20, 1862, Lincoln Papers.
When Chase received…return to the Treasury: SPC to AL, December 22, 1862, Lincoln Papers.
“Seward was feeling…had been for weeks”: Entry for December 23, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 205.
Seward magnanimously invited…Christmas Eve: SPC to FWS, December 24, 1862, reel 24, Chase Papers.
“a triumph over…drive him out”: JGN to TB, December 23, 1862, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
Chase declined…“his hospitality”: SPC to FWS, December 24, 1862, reel 24, Chase Papers.
“she regretted”…exception of Monty Blair: EBL to SPL, January 14, [1863], in
Wartime Washington,
ed. Laas, p. 231.
a visit to a Georgetown spiritualist…“had success”: Entry for January 1, 1863, in Browning,
The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning,
Vol. I, pp. 608–09.
“I do not now see…I put it through”: “30 October 1863, Friday,” in Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House,
p. 104.
CHAPTER 19: “FIRE IN THE REAR”
a “general air of doubt”:
NYT,
December 27, 1862.
“Will Lincoln’s…Nobody knows”: Entry for December 30, 1862,
Diary of George Templeton Strong,
Vol. III, p. 284.
As Frederick Douglass…give up ground:
Douglass’ Monthly
(October 1862).
The final proclamation…“upon this act”: Allen C. Guelzo,
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), pp. 178–81, 254–60 (quotes p. 260); entry for December 31, 1862,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 210–11.
On the morning…fitful sleep: Quarles,
Lincoln and the Negro,
p. 140; Guelzo,
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation,
p. 181.
He then met with General Burnside…offered to resign:
Conversations with Lincoln,
ed. Charles M. Segal (1961; New Brunswick, N.J., and London: Transaction Publishers, 2002), pp. 232–34 (quote p. 232); Donald,
Lincoln,
pp. 409–11.
he would replace Burnside with “Fighting Joe” Hooker: Entry for January 25, 1863, in
Lincoln Day by Day,
Vol. III, p. 165.
A West Point graduate…at Antietam: “Hooker, Joseph (1814–1879),” in Sifakis,
Who Was Who in the Union,
pp. 199–200.
Seward returned…for correction: Guelzo,
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation,
p. 181.
New Year’s reception…“trimming on the waist”: Entry for January 1, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
“looking like a fairy queen”: EBL to SPL, January 1, 1863, in
Wartime Washington,
ed. Laas, p. 224.
“Oh how pretty she is”: Entry for January 1, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
the gates to the White House…shake the president’s hand: Noah Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington: Selections from the Writings of Noah Brooks, Civil War Correspondent,
ed. P. J. Staudenraus (South Brunswick, N.J.: Thomas Yoseloff, 1967), pp. 58–60.
“grievously altered…cavernous eyes”: Ibid., p. 29.
“his blessed…People’s Levee”: Ibid., p. 60.
“Oh Mr. French…remain until it ended”: Benjamin B. French, quoted in Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
p. 320.
At Chase’s mansion…“china, glass, and silver”: Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
pp. 61–62.
“little, aristocratic”…years as a lawyer: Ibid., p. 176.
Stanton’s salary…Ellen’s dreams: Thomas and Hyman,
Stanton,
p. 392.