Authors: Doris Kearns Goodwin
“It is full…and conclusive”:
NYT,
June 15, 1863.
Edward Everett…“the step complete”: Edward Everett to AL, June 16, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“It is a grand document…every citizen”: “The President’s Letter,” June 15, 1863, in William O. Stoddard,
Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard,
ed. Michael Burlingame (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), p. 160.
Printed in a great variety…10 million people: Donald,
Lincoln,
pp. 443–44.
Welles noted…“assistant is present”: Entry for June 2, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 319–20 (quote p. 320).
Blair, frustrated…word with Lincoln: Hendrick,
Lincoln’s War Cabinet,
p. 387; entry for May 12, 1863, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 292.
“At such a time…interchange of views”: Entry for June 30, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 351.
“There is now…consent of the members”: Entry for May 16, 1863, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
pp. 292–93.
“But how idle…furnish the means”: SPC to David Dudley Field, June 30, 1863, reel 27, Chase Papers.
If he were president…“of importance”: SPC to James A. Garfield, May 31, 1863, reel 12, Papers of James A. Garfield, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress [hereafter Garfield Papers, DLC].
Blair decried…of Seward and Stanton: Entry for June 23, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 340.
Lincoln’s unwillingness…restore McClellan: Entry for June 26, 1863, ibid., p. 345.
In Blair’s mind…“throat if he could”: “19 July 1863, Sunday,” in Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House,
p. 65.
Blair’s hatred for Stanton…military information: Entry for June 30, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 352.
“Strange, strange…Stanton and Seward”: Entry for June 15, 1863, ibid., p. 329.
Recognizing Blair’s desire…to get through: For a description of Blair’s innovations with the postal service, see chapter 31 of Smith,
The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics,
Vol. II, pp. 90–111.
catch up with his “Neptune”…telegraph office: Entry for July 14, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 370.
When he felt compelled…“admirable success”: AL to GW, July 25, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 349.
A particularly bitter…“be very mad”: AL, quoted in entry for May 26, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 313.
the humorist Orpheus Kerr…“as regards myself”: Entry for June 17, 1863, ibid., p. 333.
William Rosecrans…“to do hastily”: AL to William S. Rosecrans, May 20, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 224.
felt compelled to remove General Samuel Curtis…“faithful, and patriotic”: AL to Samuel R. Curtis, June 8, 1863, in ibid., p. 253.
a note from Governor Gamble…“grossly offensive”: Hamilton R. Gamble to AL, July 13, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
was told “to put it away”: “23 July 1863, Thursday,” in Hay,
Inside Lincoln’s White House,
p. 66.
“trying to preserve…should offend you”: AL to Hamilton R. Gamble, July 23, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
Milroy railed about “the…hatred” of Halleck: Robert H. Milroy to AL, June 28, 1863, Lincoln Papers. See also Robert H. Milroy to John P. Usher, June 28, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“I have scarcely seen…you have split”: AL to Robert H. Milroy, June 29, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 308.
“Truth to speak…so, ranks you”: AL to William S. Rosecrans, March 17, 1863, in ibid., p. 139.
Grant had advanced…settled into a siege: Stanley S. McGowen, “Vicksburg Campaign (May–July 1863),” in
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War,
ed. Heidler and Heidler, pp. 2021–25.
“Whether Gen. Grant…brilliant in the world”: AL to Isaac N. Arnold, May 26, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 230.
Stanton had sent Charles Dana…long, detailed dispatches: Bruce Catton,
Grant Moves South.
Vol. I:
1861–1863
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1960; 1988), pp. 388–89; Thomas and Hyman,
Stanton,
p. 267.
Requesting that General Banks…“should prefer that course”: Charles A. Dana to EMS, May 26, 1863, reel 5, Stanton Papers, DLC.
In a misguided effort…other valuables behind: “General Orders, No. 11,” Department of the Tennessee, December 17, 1862, in
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 424. See also USG to Christopher P. Wolcott, December 17, 1862, in ibid., pp. 421–22; D. Wolff & Bros, C. F. Kaskell, and J. W. Kaswell to AL, December 29, 1862, in ibid., p. 506; Bertram Wallace Korn,
American Jewry and the Civil War
(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1951), pp. 122–23.
a delegation of Jewish leaders…“have at once”: Leaders quoted in Korn,
American Jewry and the Civil War,
pp. 124–25.
wrote a note to Halleck: Ibid., p. 125.
after assuring Grant…“necessary to revoke it”: Henry W. Halleck to USG, January 21, 1863, in
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XXIV, Part I, p. 9 (quote); Henry W. Halleck to USG, January 4, 1863, in
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XVII, Part II, p. 530; Circular, 13th Army Corps, Department of the Tennessee, January 7, 1863, in ibid., p. 544.
Elizabeth Blair heard…“all the time”: EBL to SPL, May 8, 1863, in
Wartime Washington,
ed. Laas, p. 266.
Bates was told…“bloated” appearance: Entry for May 23, 1863, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 293.
In Grant’s case…“idiotically drunk”: Murat Halstead to SPC, April 1, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
After dispatching investigators to look into: Catton,
Grant Moves South,
Vol. I, pp. 388–89; Jean Edward Smith,
Grant
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 231.
A memorable story…rest of his generals!: John Eaton,
Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War
(New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1907; New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969), p. 90.
Wade and Chandler told Lincoln…“in reply”: JGN to TB, May 17, 1863, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
Seward accompanied…his garden: See entries for May 1863, in Fanny Seward diary, Seward House, Auburn, New York.
favorite old poplar…“stroke of the axe”: FAS to WHS, June 5, 1863, reel 114, Seward Papers.
Fanny wrote that…“very lonely”: FS to WHS, June 7, 1863, reel 116, Seward Papers.
troubling rumors…“when I am there”: FAS to WHS, June 5, 1863, reel 114, Seward Papers; FS to WHS, June 7, 1863, reel 116, Seward Papers (quote).
Seward noted…“an invasion of Washington”: WHS to [FAS], June 11, 1863, in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
p. 169.
Mary and Tad left…Continental Hotel: Entry for June 8, 1863, in
Lincoln Day by Day,
Vol. III, p. 188; MTL to John Meredith Read, June 16, [1863], in Turner and Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
p. 152 n2.
Welles spoke with Lincoln…“thought best”: Entry for June 8, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 325.
“Think you better…ugly dream about him”: AL to MTL, June 9, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 256.
Seward sent a telegram…“pic-nic to the Lake”: Entry for June 15, 1863, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 813.
Lee had crossed…“adds to our strength”: WHS to [FAS], June 15, 1863, in Seward,
Seward at Washington…1861–1872,
pp. 169–70.
“Invasion!…in Maryland and Pennsylvania”
:
NYT
headline, June 16, 1863.
“It is a matter of choice…anything at all”: AL to MTL, June 16, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 283.
“The country, now…is wide awake”: Entry for June 18, 1863, in French,
Witness to the Young Republic,
p. 423.
“something of a panic pervades the city”: Entry for June 15, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 329.
he called out a hundred thousand troops: AL, “Proclamation Calling for 100,000 Militia,” June 15, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 277.
“I should think…kindness & Patriotism”: Entry for June 18, 1863, in French,
Witness to the Young Republic,
p. 424.
the committee charged with…“all he could ask for”: Stoddard,
Inside the White House in War Times,
p. 117.
Lincoln’s primary concern…“outgeneraled”: Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
p. 196.
“observed in Hooker…taken from other points”: Entry for June 28, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 348.
When Hooker delivered a prickly telegram: Joseph Hooker to Henry W. Halleck, June 27, 1863 (9:00 a.m.), in
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XXVII, Part I, p. 59; Hooker to Halleck, June 27, 1863 (3:00 p.m.), in ibid., p. 60; Halleck to Hooker, June 27, 1863 (8:00 p.m.), in ibid., p. 60.
Lincoln and Stanton replaced him: Henry W. Halleck to George G. Meade, June 27, 1863, in
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XXVII, Part I, p. 61; Meade to Halleck, June 28, 1863, in ibid., pp. 61–62; “Meade, George Gordon (1815–1872),” in Sifakis,
Who Was Who in the Union,
p. 266.
“Chase was disturbed…cared should appear”: SPC to Joseph Hooker, June 20, 1863, quoted in Schuckers,
The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase,
p. 468; entry of June 28, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 348 (quote).
“You must have been…exceeded mine”: SPC to KCS, June 29, 1863, reel 27, Chase Papers.
“The turning point…such a suspense”: JGN to TB, July 5, 1863, container 3, Nicolay Papers.
“poor and desultory”…in the telegraph office: Bates,
Lincoln in the Telegraph Office,
p. 155.
Chandler would “never forget…on the wall”: Zachariah Chandler, quoted in Browne,
The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln,
pp. 597–98.
a dispatch from Meade…“at all points”: George G. Meade to Henry W. Halleck, July 2, 1863 (8:00 p.m.), in
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XXVII, Part I, p. 72.
“no reliable advices…anxiety prevails”:
NYT,
July 3, 1863.
a messenger handed…“reliable”: Entry for July 4, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 357.
a telegram from Meade…after severe losses: George G. Meade to Henry W. Halleck, July 3, 1863,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. XXVII, Part I, pp. 74–75.
Casualties were later calculated: Richard A. Sauers, “Gettysburg, Battle of,” in
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War,
ed. Heidler and Heidler, p. 836.
“as being the most…covered with the dead”: McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom,
p. 664; Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
pp. 202, 203 (quotes).
a celebratory press release: AL, “Announcement of News From Gettysburg,” July 4, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 314.
“the gloomiest Fourth”…Fireworks were set off: Entry for July 4, 1863, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
“The results…for the moment at least”: Entry for July 6, 1863,
Diary of George Templeton Strong,
Vol. III, p. 330.
Grant’s forty-six-day siege: McGowen, “Vicksburg Campaign (May–July 1863),” in
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War,
ed. Heidler and Heidler, p. 2026; Foote,
The Civil War,
Vol. II, p. 607.
Welles had received…dispatch in hand: Entry for July 7, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 364; Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
pp. 177 (quote), 201.
“executed a double…excited as he was then”: Brooks,
Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time,
p. 82.
“caught my hand…‘it is great!’”: Entry for July 7, 1863,
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 364.
“The Father…to the sea”: AL to James C. Conkling, August 26, 1863,
CW,
VI, p. 409.
“The rebel troops”…about thirty thousand: Charles A. Dana to EMS, July 5, 1863, reel 5, Stanton Papers, DLC.
“I write this now…and I was wrong”: AL to USG, July 13, 1863, in
CW,
VI, p. 326.
a large crowd…“the beginning of the end”:
NYH,
July 8, 1863.
the official bulletins were read…“beasts at sunrise”: Brooks,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington,
p. 201.
Mary’s carriage accident:
Star,
July 2, 1863;
NYH,
July 11, 1863; Boyden,
Echoes from Hospital and White House,
pp. 143–44; Pinsker,
Lincoln’s Sanctuary,
pp. 102–04, 105–06.
“never quite recovered…of her fall”: Robert Todd Lincoln, quoted in Helm,
The True Story of Mary,
p. 250.
“complete his work…destruction of Lee’s army”: AL to Henry W. Halleck, [July 7, 1863], in
CW,
VI, p. 319.