Read The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution Online
Authors: Jonathan Eig
sex, sexuality:
aberrations in, 69
abstinence from, 16, 38, 226, 310
cultural attitudes toward, 12–20, 125–27, 186–89
desire for (libido), 4, 5–6, 25, 32, 34, 39, 51, 52–54, 109–10, 172, 179–80, 184–85, 215, 223–24, 296, 317–18
Freudian analysis of, 14–16, 32, 34
gratification of, 14–16, 32
history of, 12–20
as instinct, 184–85
laws on, 43–44
love and, 106–7, 184–85, 265
morality and, 43–44, 60–61, 71, 125–27
premarital, 5
primate, 12–13
for procreation vs. recreation, 12, 14–15, 44, 71, 107–8, 194, 265, 310–11
promiscuity in, 14, 54–55
religious views on, 12, 188–89
repression of, 5, 14–15
research on, 5, 12, 16–17
sin and, 14, 32, 107–10, 221–22, 225–26
Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
(Kinsey), 5
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
(Kinsey), 5, 17
“sexual energy,” 16
sexual intercourse, 13, 22, 106–7, 179, 194, 265, 295, 310–11
sexual revolution, 4, 16, 20, 265, 306
Shaw, George Bernard, 42
sheep, 21
Shelley, Mary, 2
shock therapy, 84, 175, 177, 178
“shooting blanks,” 114
Shrewsbury, Mass., 3, 82, 83, 132, 140–42, 157–58, 176, 261, 304
Sinatra, Frank, 125–26
single mothers, 18, 19, 20, 56
Skinner, B. F., 72
Skokie, Ill., 242, 249, 254, 291
Slee, James Noah Henry, 51–52, 96–97, 267
sleeping pills, 293–94
Smith, Kline & French, 246
Smith, Richard Norton, 69
Smith College, 203
socialism, 53
Solomon, 14
Sousa, John Philip, 311
South, 220, 319
Soviet Union, 196
sperm, 10, 23, 74, 154, 179, 183, 199, 225
sperm count, 179, 183
spermicides, 7, 56, 212, 225, 275, 279
Speroff, Leon, 87
spinning treatments, 84
Stanley McCormick Hall, 316–17
Starling, Ernest Henry, 122
Steig, William, 16
Steinem, Gloria, 312
sterile abscesses, 191–92
sterility, 114–15, 157, 183–84, 270
sterilization, 24–25, 52–53, 113, 114, 148, 149, 165, 167, 213, 225, 231, 241, 250, 251, 270
steroids, 81–82, 137, 154–55, 156
stimuli, 70
Stone, Abraham, 103–4, 115, 171, 182, 272, 331
n
Strachey, Lytton, 54
Stycos, J. Mayone, 165–68
“suck-and-see” approach, 9
sulfas, 26
Supreme Court, U.S., 318
surrogate mothers, 314
Syntex, 138, 144, 145, 162, 191, 232, 256
“Synthetic Progestins in the Normal Human Menstrual Cycle” (Rock, Garcia and Pincus), 233
syphilis, 4, 7, 48–49, 282
Talese, Gay, 279–80
Tamoxifen, 321
tampons, 38
temperature readings, 172–73, 201, 281–82
tenements, 34–35, 49
testes, 121, 122
testicles, 121–22, 180
testosterone, 115–16, 119, 137, 183–84
tetanus, 282
tetracycline, 262
thalidomide, 263, 293–94, 309
“That’s All Right,” 188
theology, 107–8, 225, 269–71, 278–79, 296–97, 310–11
Thomas, Norman, 54
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 107, 270–71
Thorazine, 246
3–in-One Oil Co., 51
thymus, 122
Thy Neighbor’s Wife
(Talese), 279–80
thyroid gland, 122
thyroid medicine, 87
Time,
111, 306, 319
Time Has Come, The
(Rock), 309–10
Toth, Emily, 223
toxicology reports, 302
tranquilizers, 246
trial-and-error experiments, 9
tropisms, 70
Trudeau Sanitarium, 36
tuberculosis, 4, 35, 36, 164, 246
Tucson Watercolor Guild, 59
tumors, 113
Tyler, David, 158, 159, 201–2, 206, 234, 292–94
typhoid fever, 31
unconscious mind, 15
“unexplained infertility,” 115
United Nations, 164, 197
United Nations Population Conference (1954), 164
United Press (UP), 163, 198–99, 208–9
United States:
birth rate in, 54, 195
cultural change in, 187–89
democracy in, 123, 125, 210
economy of, 196
foreign aid of, 284–85, 295
obscenity laws of, 41, 43–44, 45
population of, 195–96
public health issues in, 49
Upjohn Co., 26
urination, 172
urine tests, 130, 133, 159, 172–73, 201
U.S. News & World Report,
313
uterus, 10, 22, 113, 116, 118, 130, 292
vaccines, 162, 282, 300
vagina, 7, 8, 12, 22, 116, 130, 133–34, 172, 233, 251
vaginal discharges, 172
vaginal plugs, 7
vaginal smears, 130, 133–34
vasectomies, 165
Vega Baja prison, 202
venereal disease, 4, 7, 35, 48–49, 124
Veracruz province, Mexico, 135–36
Viagra, 318
Victorian era, 14, 37, 42, 126
Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 16
Vietnam War, 319
Village Blacksmith, The
(Longfellow), 67
virgin birth, 70
virginity, 244
Visiting Nurse Service, 34–35
vitamin E, 183
Vogt, William, 58, 99, 123–24, 143, 155–56, 170
Voltaire, 91
“voluntary parenthood,” 46, 111
Voluntary Parenthood
(Rock), 111
vulcanized rubber, 7
Wagner, David P., 315–16
Wagner, Doris, 315
Wald, Lillian, 34
Wallace, Mike, 266–69, 277
water supplies, 164
Watts riots (1965), 319
Waugh, Evelyn, 24
W. B. Saunders, 17
Webb, Clifton, 197
weight fluctuations, 183, 290, 312
Weinstein, G. L., 9
welfare programs, 313
Wells, H. G., 42
White Plains Hospital, 32
Williams, Esther, 18
Williams, Ray, 104–5
Wilson, Woodrow, 306
Winter, I. C., 205, 228, 247–48, 255, 259, 265, 275, 287–88, 298–99
Wisconsin, University of, 126
Wise, Stephen S., 50, 65
Woman Rebel,
41
“woman’s shield,” 38
“womb support,” 47
women:
autonomy of, 34, 167–68, 187–88
black, 53, 71, 220
careers of, 268, 319–20
Catholic, 220–21, 225–27, 310–11
clothing for, 18–19
“complete,” 81–82
education of, 19, 91, 94, 101, 126–27, 150, 187, 194, 304, 316–20
employment of, 36–37
equal rights for, 3, 14, 34, 47, 52, 55, 73–74, 81–82, 93–94, 105–6, 110–11, 125, 167–68, 187–88, 219–21, 229–30, 266–68, 319
fertility of, 12–13, 14, 37, 48, 108–9, 130, 147, 160–61, 165–66, 191, 211, 216, 224–25, 310
gender role for, 126, 187–88, 220, 319–20
health care of, 105, 197–98, 225–26
as homemakers and housewives, 187–88, 220, 320
in labor force, 5, 126, 268
male dominance of, 167–68
marriages of, 6, 17, 18, 19, 36–37, 42, 43, 105–14, 125, 156, 165–66, 174–75, 185, 186, 187–88, 223, 245, 247, 272–73, 310, 320
media coverage of, 186–88
menopause of, 10, 286–87, 289, 292
menstruation of, 4, 108–9, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119–20, 130, 132–33, 139, 179, 192, 232, 233, 234, 238, 242
middle-class, 220
as mothers, 13, 19, 25, 29–30, 49–56, 106, 114, 164–65, 174–75, 187–88, 197–98, 220, 241–42, 247, 253–54, 314, 320
movement for, 3, 34–35, 39–40, 47, 146–47, 186, 187, 212, 220, 222, 223–24, 266–68, 319–20, 321
orgasms of, 14, 16–17, 106–7
in poverty, 34–35, 39, 49–50, 52–53, 54, 55, 105, 112–13, 123–24, 150–51, 160, 164–66, 169, 171, 213–14, 229–32, 272–73, 304–6
in prison, 202, 208–9
reproductive rights of, 3, 52, 55, 95–96, 105–6, 163–65, 183–84
sexual freedom of, 5–6, 17, 32, 34, 42, 44, 113–14, 124–25, 165–66, 172, 186–87, 222–23, 264–65, 302–3
suffrage for, 39–40
unmarried, 109, 156, 220
voting by, 220
wage levels for, 320
white, 37, 220
as wives, 14, 19
working-class, 112–13
Woodbine Colony, 63–65
Worcester, Mass, 25–26, 132, 141–42, 171–72, 173, 261
Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 3, 7–8, 20–28, 29, 77, 82–89, 99, 118–20, 128–30, 134, 140–45, 153–58, 176, 192, 199–200, 206, 236–37, 253, 259, 261, 300, 301, 304, 307, 321–23
Worcester State Hospital, 82, 93, 132, 174–80, 296, 304
Worcester Telegram,
8
World Health Organization, 197
World Population Conference (1927), 95
World War I, 49
World War II, 4, 57, 82, 123, 124, 125, 126, 149, 279
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 214
Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 189
Wuthering Heights,
114
Yale University, 81
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 8, 43, 60–61
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 60–61
Zionism, 65
Zuckerman, Solly, 215, 217–18
zygotes, 10
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by
Philip Larkin © 2012, reprinted by permission of Faber & Faber Ltd.
Copyright © 2014 by Jonathan Eig
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Eig, Jonathan.
The birth of the pill : how four crusaders reinvented sex and launched a revolution / Jonathan Eig.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-393-07372-0 (hardcover)
1. Oral contraceptives—History. 2. McCormick, Katharine Dexter,
1876–1967. 3. Pincus, Gregory, 1903-1967. 4. Rock, John, 1890-1984
5. Sanger, Margaret, 1879-1966. I. Title.
RG137.5.E34 2014
618.1
'
82209—dc23
2014019355
ISBN 978-0-393-24594-3 (e-book)
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