Read The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution Online
Authors: Jonathan Eig
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE
| 201 | did not bother him : Laura Pincus Bernard, interview conducted by the author, July 2013. |
| 201 | “hold it against her” : David Tyler to Gregory Pincus, July 8, 1955, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 202 | “it will not succeed” : David Tyler to Gregory Pincus, June 14, 1955, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 203 | which she took for insomnia : Jean H. Baker, Margaret Sanger: A Life of Passion (New York: Hill and Wang, 2011), p. 285. |
| 203 | “now I do not need anything” : Margaret Sanger to Juliet Barrett Rublee, February 13, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 203 | “veins of sadness” : Ellen Chesler, Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), p. 415. |
| 204 | 638,000 legal abortions : “Mrs. Sanger’s Visit Excites Japanese,” New York Times , November 10, 1952. |
| 204 | demand for abortions would decline : “Foreword,” Fifth International Conference on Planned Parenthood, Report of the Proceedings (Tokyo), October 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 204 | “more scientific” titles : Margaret Sanger to Katharine Dexter McCormick, April 13, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 204 | “be progesterone guinea pigs” : Ibid. |
| 204 | “evidently a very necessary help to him” : Ibid. |
| 205 | “It looks pretty good” : Margaret Marsh and Wanda Ronner, The Fertility Doctor: John Rock and the Reproductive Revolution (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), p. 170. |
| 206 | “a fair drop off” : Gregory Pincus to Katharine Dexter McCormick, October 1, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 206 | between San Juan and Shrewsbury : Gregory Pincus to Celso Garcia, June 23, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 206 | “very little [data] worth reporting” : Gregory Pincus to David Tyler, June 22, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 207 | charged her purchases to McCormick : Assorted receipts, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 207 | furniture from an uncle in Montreal : Assorted receipts, Worcester Foundation Papers, UM. |
| 208 | his upcoming travels : Katharine Dexter McCormick to Bruce Crawford, July 12, 1955, Worcester Foundation Papers, UM. |
| 208 | stop work on the pill : Katharine Dexter McCormick to Margaret Sanger, June 29, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 208 | “You talk to young college women” : “Margaret Sanger Thinks Crusading Spark Dampened,” Oxnard Press Courier , May 10, 1955. |
| 208 | conditions of women in prison : Ibid. |
| 209 | attended the conference in Japan : Beryl Suitters, Be Brave and Angry: Chronicles of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (London: International Planned Parenthood Federation, 1973), p. 132. |
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO
| 210 | two thousand U.S. civilians : National World War II Museum, http://www.nationalww2museum.org/learn/education/for-students/ww2-history/ww2-by-the-numbers/world-wide-deaths.html (accessed February 18, 2014). |
| 211 | “last immodest exercise” : John Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 23. |
| 211 | courtesans, prostitutes, military pawns : Michael Hoffman, “Revolution Was in the Air During Japan’s Taisho Era,” Japan Times , July 29, 2012, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/07/29/general/revolution-was-in-the-air-during-japans-taisho-era-but-soon-evaporated-into-the-status-quo/#.UwdeDpGuPk4 (accessed February 20, 2014). |
| 211 | thirteen-hour shifts : Sanger Diary, 1922, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 212 | “vivid and long-enduring impression” : Ellen Chesler, Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), p. 365. |
| 212 | illegal abortion-inducing medicine : Carolyn Eberts, “The Sanger Brand: The Relationship of Margaret Sanger and the Pre-War Japanese Birth Control Movement,” Master’s Thesis, Bowling Green State University, 2010. |
| 212 | “no priests denouncing me” : Margaret Sanger, My Fight for Birth Control (New York: Farrar & Rinehart Incorporated, 1931), p. 254. |
| 213 | abortion rates in the country rose sharply : Sheila Matsumoto, “Women in Factories” in Women in Changing Japan , ed. Joyce Lebra, Joy Paulson, and Elizabeth Powers (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1970), p. 56. |
| 213 | would jump from 6,000 : Yoshio Koya, Pioneering in Family Planning (Tokyo: Japan Medical Publishers, 1963), p. 63. |
| 214 | “will eliminate contraceptive devices” : “Birth-control Pill Reported by Expert,” Pasadena Independent , October 19, 1955. |
| 214 | “the miracle tablet maybe” : “Foreword,” Fifth International Conference on Planned Parenthood, Report of the Proceedings (Tokyo), October 1955, SSC. |
| 214 | he complained of stomach trouble : Laura Pincus Bernard’s scrapbook, Pincus family collection. |
| 215 | she felt as if she were at home : Headline unavailable, Mainichi Shimbun , October 24, 1955. |
| 215 | “talk about in the previous conferences” : Headline unavailable, Asahi Shimbun , October 24, 1955. |
| 216 | “no such substance is yet known” : Paul Vaughan, The Pill on Trial (New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1970), pp. 32–33. |
| 216 | time to prove it really worked : Transcript of Judy McCann interview conducted by Leon Speroff, May 2007. |
| 216 | were a “necessary evil” : Vaughan, The Pill on Trial , p. 42. |
| 216 | “Unless and until we know more” : Ibid., p. 33. |
| 217 | “He was the most supremely confident” : Laura Pincus Bernard, e-mail to the author, September 1, 2013. |
| 217 | “We cannot on the basis of our observations” : Vaughan, The Pill on Trial , p. 33. |
| 218 | “as close as we should like” : Ibid., p. 34. |
| 218 | “We need better evidence” : Ibid. |
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE
| 219 | “the magic and mystery of our time” : Gregory Pincus to Hermann Joseph Muller, Hermann Joseph Muller Papers, Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. |
| 220 | voting in roughly equal numbers : “Women’s Vote: The Bigger Half?” New York Times Magazine , October 21, 1956. |
| 221 | “Just Darn Mad” : “Letters to Geraldine,” Oakland Tribune , November 3, 1955. |
| 221 | “poor choice as a reward” : Ibid. |
| 221 | “Someone ought to inform this young lady” : “Letters to Geraldine,” Oakland Tribune , December 8, 1955. |
| 221 | “Can anyone say I’m a sinner” : Ibid. |
| 222 | “I’d’ve fucked anything” : David Dalton, Piece of My Heart: The Life, Times and Legend of Janis Joplin (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985), p. 147. |
| 222 | “rat race or domesticity” : Marge Piercy, “Through the Cracks: Growing Up in the Fifties,” in Particolored Blocks for a Quilt (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1982), pp. 155–56. |
| 222 | “good and hard” : Grace Metalious, Peyton Place (New York: Julian Messner, 1956), p. 124. |
| 223 | one in twenty-nine Americans : Ibid., p. viii. |
| 223 | “something going on out there” : Ibid., p. ix. |
| 223 | “declared out-of-bounds” : Ibid., p. xiv. |
| 224 | to promote sex education : Linda Gordon, The Moral Property of Women: A History of Birth Control Politics in America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007), p. 255. |
| 224 | “who want to see a change” : “The Attitude of the Roman Catholic Church,” Internal Memo, International Planned Parenthood Federation, February 28, 1955, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 225 | “law which is natural and divine” : John T. Noonan, Contraception: A History of Its Treatment by the Catholic Theologians and Canonists (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 467. |
| 226 | average was about 20 percent higher : Leslie Woodcock Tentler, Catholics and Contraception: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), p. 133. |
| 226 | “a comfortable future on earth” : Ibid., p. 132. |
| 226 | decided not to publish the results : Ibid., p. 200. |
| 226 | sacraments of confession and communion : Ibid., p. 135. |
| 226 | “despite frantic and distressing efforts” : Anonymous letter to the editor, Liguorian 48, no. 10 (1960), p. 39. |
| 227 | “I was taught by the Church” : Loretta McLaughlin, interview conducted by the author, October 2011 . |
| 227 | “high-handedness” : Ibid. |
| 227 | to find out if they worked : Katharine Dexter McCormick, “Notes on Conversation with John Rock,” January 9, 1956, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 228 | “ ‘don’t you sell my church short’ ” : Loretta McLaughlin, The Pill, John Rock, and the Church (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), p. 142. |
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR
| 229 | He needed a new approach : Katharine Dexter McCormick, “Notes on Conversation with Dr. Pincus,” March 5, 1956, Armond Fields Collection, USC. |
| 230 | “I was kind of scared” : Transcript of Edris Rice-Wray interview conducted by Ellen Chesler, undated. |
| 230 | so charming and self-assured : Ibid. |
| 230 | “none of the Church’s damn business” : Ibid. |
| 231 | stable over months of work : Edris Rice-Wray to Gregory Pincus, April 17, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 231 | manage their family’s size : Edris Rice-Wray, “Field Study with Enovid as a Contraceptive Agent,” Proceedings of a Symposium on 19-Nor Progestational Steroids , 79, Searle Research Laboratories, January 23, 1957. |
| 231 | “very easy to talk to mothers” : Edris Rice-Wray, Speech to the Royal Swedish Endocrine Society, March 9, 1962, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 232 | religion prohibited her from enrolling : Ibid. |
| 232 | “crazy to get the pill” : Edris Rice-Wray to Gregory Pincus, April 17, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 233 | “We are led to suspect” : Loretta McLaughlin, The Pill, John Rock, and the Church (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), p. 122. |
| 233 | he recalled years later : Ibid., p. 123. |
| 234 | “my results were all wrong” : “Recent Progress in Hormone Research,” Proceedings of the Laurentian Hormone Conference , Vol. 13 (New York: Academic Press Inc., 1957), p. 340. |
| 234 | “superior forms of entertainment” : McLaughlin, The Pill, John Rock, and the Church , p. 45. |
| 234 | plunged nude into the swimming pool : Ibid. |
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE
| 235 | “things began to happen” : Margaret Sanger to Katharine Dexter McCormick, December 12, 1956, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 235 | “the conspiracy of silence is broken” : Ibid. |
| 236 | daiquiris in bed in the morning : Madeline Gray, Margaret Sanger: A Biography of the Champion of Birth Control (New York: Richard Marek Publishers, 1979), p. 429. |
| 236 | put her to bed : Ibid., p. 428. |
| 236 | “woman’s biological freedom and development” : Margaret Sanger to Dr. Kenneth Rose, August 20, 1956, Margaret Sanger Papers, SSC. |
| 236 | “that inane one Planned Parenthood” : Ibid. |
| 237 | it was going to be big : Geoff Dutton, interview conducted by the author, October 2011. |
| 237 | “until I hear from you” : Peggy Blake to Gregory Pincus, July 28, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 237 | “pretty much persuades me” : Gregory Pincus to Peggy Blake, August 2, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 238 | “I was ready to murder” : Peggy Blake to Gregory Pincus, August 4, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 238 | “lose money on the deal” : Ibid. |
| 238 | “start again” on a new bottle : Edris Rice-Wray, “Field Study with Enovid as a Contraceptive Agent,” Proceedings of a Symposium on 19-Nor Progestational Steroids , 79, Searle Research Laboratories, January 23, 1957. |
| 238 | took all the pills at once : Laura Pincus Bernard, interview conducted by the author, July 2013. |
| 239 | “A woman dressed as a nurse” : Edris Rice-Wray’s translation of article from El Imparcial , April 21, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 239 | experiencing unpleasant side effects : Iris Rodriguez to Gregory Pincus, May 8, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 239 | twenty of the original one hundred : Gregory Pincus to Katharine Dexter McCormick, October 11, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 239 | “ ‘ they are afraid of you ’ ” : Edris Rice-Wray to Gregory Pincus, December 20, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 240 | she would have to drop it : Ibid. |
| 240 | “We will only say” : Iris Rodriguez to Gregory Pincus, May 8, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 240 | how they could get it : Transcript of Edris Rice-Wray interview conducted by Ellen Chesler, undated, SSC. |
| 240 | “calling on me when I make the visits” : Ibid. |
| 240 | “a major convincing influence for others” : Celso-Ramón Garcia, M.D., “The Early History of Oral Contraceptives,” draft of paper to be presented at the John Rock Commemorative Symposium, October 21, 1980, CLM. |
| 241 | side effects were becoming too much : Gregory Pincus to Katharine Dexter McCormick, October 11, 1956, Gregory Pincus Papers, LOC. |
| 241 | seventeen days after delivering : Edris Rice-Wray, “Field Study with Enovid as a Contraceptive Agent.” |