The Devil Soldier (54 page)

3.
the
Herald
account:
NCH
, April 12, 1862.

4.
Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.505.

the
Herald: NCH
, April 12, 1862.

5.
the
Herald: NCH
, April 12, 1862.

Borlase: Borlase to Hope, April 6, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862, p.226.

the
Herald: NCH
, April 12, 1862.

6.
Borlase: Borlase to Hope, April 18, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862, p.225.

7.
Shanghai Daily Shipping List:
quoted in Lindley, vol. 2, p.507.

Wilson: Wilson, p.134.

8.
Wilson: Wilson, p.131.

9.
Li Hung-chang on Wu, Yang, and Hsüeh: in J. C. Cheng,
Chinese Sources for the Taiping Rebellion, 1850–1864
(Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1963), p.92 (hereafter Cheng).

Peking to Li: Cheng, p.94.

Li on Ward: Cheng, p.96.

10.
Ward on Li: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

the Allied agreement:
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, p.410.

11.
Gordon: Charrier,
Gordon of Khartoum
, pp.41–42.

Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.510.

12.
Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 2, p.121.

Schmidt: quoted in Macgowan, vol. 2, p.121.

China Mail:
quoted in Lindley, vol. 2, p.512

14.
Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 2, p.121.

British Foreign Office: the Foreign Office to the Admiralty, May 6, 1862,
FO 17/382
.

15.
Ward: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

16.
Dew: Wilson, p.102.

17.
the
Herald: NCH
, May 17, 1862.

18.
Smith: Smith, Dissertation, p.177.

the
Herald: NCH
, May 24, 1862.

19.
Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.517.

20.
the
Herald: NCH
, May 24, 1862.

Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.519.

Overland Trade Report:
quoted in Lindley, vol. 2, pp.519–520.

Staveley: Staveley to Sir G. C. Lewis,
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, p.396.

21.
Forester: Forester, p.36.

22.
Staveley: Staveley to Bruce, May 23 and May 26, 1862,
BPP
, vol 73, 1863, p.421.

23.
Hope: Hope to the Secretary of the Admiralty, May 31, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862, p.253.

24.
Montgomerie’s account: Montgomerie to Hope, June 7, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, p.402.

the Chung Wang’s surrender demand: in Franz, Michael,
The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1966–71), vol. 3, p.1018.

25.
the rebel general’s surrender demand, and Forester’s reply:
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, pp.404–405.

Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 2, p.123.

Forester on mutiny: Forester, p.36.

26.
Li Hung-chang: Cheng, pp.95–96.

27.
Forester: Forester, p.39.

28.
the
Herald: NCH
, June 14, 1862.

29.
the Chung Wang: Curwen, p.136.

the T’ien Wang: Curwen, p.136.

30.
Li Hung-chang: Cheng, pp.96, 98.

imperial edict: Smith, Dissertation, p.98.

31.
Hope: Hope to Bruce, June 14, 1862,
FO 228/321
.

Ward:
NCH
, January 10, 1863.

Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 3, p.23.

Kung on Ward:
IWSM, TC 6
, p.17.

32.
Bruce to Kung, and Kung’s reply:
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, pp.448–452.

33.
Li Hung-chang: Cheng, p.99.

34.
Ward: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

35.
Tseng Kuo-fan: quoted in Smith, Dissertation, p.190.

Wu Hsü to Ward: Ward Collection, Yale.

36.
Peking Gazette
account:
NCH
, October 4, 1862.

Forester: Forester, p.213.

Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 2, p.124

37.
Li Hung-chang: Cheng, p.100.

Ward: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

Li Hung-chang: Cheng, p.101.

38.
the
Herald: NCH
, July 26, 1862.

39.
Li Hung-chang on the free city movement: Cheng, pp.100–101.

Ward: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

Li Hung-chang on Wu and Yang: Cheng, p.101.

40.
Ward on accounts: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 2, p.124.

41.
Thomas Lyster: in E. A. Lyster, ed.,
With Gordon in China: Letters from Thomas Lyster, Lieutenant Royal Engineers
(London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1891), p.79 (hereafter Lyster).

Lyster: Lyster, pp.84–85, 86.

42.
Hayes: Hayes, “Chapter,” p.521.

Li Hung-chang: Cheng, p.103.

Ward’s letter: Ward to Burlingame, September 10, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

43.
Hayes: Hayes, “Soldier,” p.197.

44.
Schmidt: His memo can be found in record group 59, microfilm 112, roll 5, National Archives.

45.
Wilson: Wilson, pp.107–108.

Ward: Macgowan, vol. 3, p.24.

Forester: Forester, p.212.

46.
Bogle: Bogle to Dew, September 21, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, p.482.

Ward’s will: Bogle’s statement can be found in record group 84, Legation Archives, Consulate Records, Shanghai, vol. 34, no. 225 (bound), p.763, National Archives.

EPILOGUE

1.
Ever Victorious Army officer: see Hayes, “Soldier,” p.199.

Cook: his deposition can be found in record group 84, Legation Archives, Consulate Records, Shanghai, vol. 34, no. 225 (bound), p.797, National Archives.

2.
Dew: Dew to Hope, September 27, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, p.481.

Hope: Hope to the Admiralty, October 1, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 73, 1863, p.480.

Hope to Burlingame: Rantoul, p.42.

Gordon: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.79.

3.
the
Herald: NCH
, September 27, 1862; January 3, 1863.

Schmidt:
DUSCS
, 1847–1906, R. G. 59, microfilm 112, roll 5, National Archives.

4.
Li Hung-chang’s memorial: Rantoul, pp.47–48.

5.
imperial decree on Ward: Rantoul, p.45.

second imperial decree:
IWSM, TC9
, p.3b.

6.
Schmidt:
DUSCS
, 1847–1906, R.6.59, microfilm 112, roll 5, National Archives.

Shen Chu-jeng’s biography: see note for p.222.

Lyster: Lyster, pp.96, 113.

7.
Burgevine on command: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.108.

8.
Hope on Ward’s Chinese: Hope to Bruce, October 29, 1862,
FO 228/321
.

9.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, October 27, 1862,
DUSMC
, microfilm 92, roll 21, National Archives.

10.
Alabaster on Burgevine: an undated memorandum to Medhurst,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1864, p.26.

Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 3, p.47.

Hope: Hope to Bruce, October 29, 1862,
FO 228/321
.

a veteran officer: quoted in Macgowan, vol. 3, p.48.

11.
Hope: Hope to Bruce, October 29, 1862,
FO 228/321
.

Li Hung-chang on Burgevine: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.113.

12.
Wilson: Wilson, p.116.

Wilson: Wilson, p.118.

13.
Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 3, p.49.

the
Friend of China: Friend of China
, February 18, 1863.

Lyster: Lyster, pp.128–129.

14.
the
Herald: NCH
, January 10, March 10, 1863.

Schmidt: Schmidt, P. C., p.10.

Schmidt: Schmidt, P. C., Vincente, pp.6–8.

15.
Smith: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.125.

Parkes: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.125.

16.
Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.645.

17.
Gordon: Jonathan Spence,
To Change China
(New York: Penguin Books, 1980), p.87 (hereafter Spence).

18.
Gordon: Spence, pp.90–91.

the Chung Wang: Curwen, p.162.

19.
Burgevine’s autopsy: Dr. Johnston to Markham, October 18, 1865,
FO 17/432
.

20.
Tseng Kuo-fan: Warner, p.123.

21.
Seward: S.E.D. 45:2:48, p.215.

Harry Ward to his father: record group 84, Legation Archives, Consulate Records, Shanghai, vol. 34, no. 225 (bound), p.819, National Archives.

22.
Kung: Abend, p.221.

Shanghai taotai: Abend, p.238.

23.
Foster and Lansing: in their
The Claim of General Frederick T. Ward’s Estate Against the Chinese Government, Arising Out of His Military Services During the Taiping Rebellion
, a copy of which can be found in the Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts (hereafter Foster and Lansing).

Foster and Lansing: Foster and Lansing, p.11.

24.
one Salem citizen: Francis H. Lee, quoted in Rantoul, p.52.

25.
a Nationalist Chinese general:
Boston Herald
, September 23, 1934.

Lindley on Ward: Lindley, vol. 2, p.585.

Hayes on Ward’s achievements: Hayes, “Soldier,” p.198.

26.
Hayes on Ward’s ambitions: Hayes, “Chapter,” p.522.

ALSO BY CALEB CARR

Casing the Promised Land
America Invulnerable
(with James Chase)
The Alienist

Frederick Townsend Ward, 1831–1862. Ward wears the blue Prince Albert that was his trademark, and holds a field cap. The scars of the wound suffered at the first battle of Ch’ing-p’u can be discerned on the left side of his jaw.
(Courtesy of Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.)