The Devil Soldier (53 page)

26.
Hsüeh Huan: Gregory, p.92.

27.
Roberts on his trappings:
NCH
, September 7, 1861.

Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, pp.566, 567.

28.
Hope: Rantoul, p.42.

29.
Hope: Gregory, p.97.

the
Herald: NCH
, March 2, 1861.

30.
diary: Yao Chi, “Hsiao ts’ang-sang chi,” in Hsiang Ta, ed.,
T’ai-ping t’ien-kuo
(Peking, 1952), vol. 6, p.245.

31.
Hope: in “Commander Hire’s Report Relative to the Recent Desertions at Shanghai,” May 1, 1861,
Admiralty 125/7
(hereafter
ADM 125/7
).

diplomatic officer: Forrest to Bruce, April 20 and May 1, 1861 (enclosures 1 and 2 in Bruce to Russell, May 23, 1861),
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

32.
Alabaster: “Notes by Chaloner Alabaster on a Meeting Between Hsueh Huan, Wu Hsu and Commander Hire, April 22, 1861,”
ADM 125/7
.

33.
Alabaster’s quoting of the mandarin: Alabaster to Medhurst, April 23, 1861,
ADM 125/7
.

Ward’s pass: “Ward Pass No. 2, April 22, 1861,”
ADM 125/7
.

Ward’s residence: Alabaster to Medhurst, April 23, 1861,
ADM 125/7
.

Hire: Hire’s Report,
ADM 125/7
.

34.
the consuls: Hire’s Report,
ADM 125/7
.

Ward: Commander Henry W. Hire, “Memorandum of a Question Put by Commander Hire to the Person Calling Himself Ward, April 25, 1861,”
ADM 125/7
.

Cleary: Nicholas Cleary to Commander Hire, April 25, 1861,
ADM 125/7
.

35.
the second interview: Chaloner Alabaster, “Interview Between Commander Hire R.N. and H.E. the Taotai with Reference to the Capture of Colonel Ward,”
ADM 125/7
.

Hire: Hire’s Report,
ADM 125/7
.

the Shanghai Municipal Council: William Howard to Walter Medhurst, April 26, 1861,
ADM 125/7
.

36.
Hire: Hire’s Report,
ADM 125/7
.

the
Herald: NCH
, June 8, 1861.

Medhurst: Medhurst to Bruce, May 29, 1861,
FO 228/311
.

37.
Forester: Edward Forester, “Personal Recollections of the Tai-ping Rebellion,”
Cosmopolitan
, vol. 21 (1896), p.629 (hereafter Forester).

38.
Forester: Forester, p.629.

39.
the
Herald: NCH
, June 8, 1860.

40.
Forester: Forester, p.629.

41.
Bruce: Bruce to Russell, May 23, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

Hope: Hope to Bruce, May 24, 1861,
FO 228/300
.

42.
Alabaster: enclosure 1 in Medhurst to Bruce, May 29, 1861,
FO 228/311
.

Dew: Dew to Hope, June 18, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

Hope: enclosure 3 in Dew to Hope, June 18, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862; Hope to the Admiralty, June 27, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

43.
Bruce: Bruce to Russell, June 23, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

Compton:
NCH
, January 12, 1861

Bruce: Bruce to Russell, June 23, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

44.
Bruce: Bruce to Russell, July 3, 1861,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

CHAPTER V

1.
the T’ien Wang: Curwen, p.122.

the Kan Wang: Lay, p.7.

2.
Schmidt: Schmidt, P.C., p.7.

Macgowan: Macgowan, p.119.

3.
Wilson: Wilson, pp.129–132.

Wu Hsü:
WHTA
, pp.125–127; Smith, Dissertation, pp.75–76.

4.
Harry Ward’s purchases: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.90.

5.
two passes: The passes are contained in the Frederick Townsend Ward Collection at Sterling Library, Yale University (hereafter Ward Collection, Yale).

6.
Macgowan: Macgowan, p.105.

7.
Russell: Russell to Bruce, August 8, 1861,
FO 17/349
.

Macgowan: Macgowan, p.105.

8.
Burlingame: Frederick Wells Williams,
Anson Burlingame and the First Chinese Mission to Foreign Powers
(New York: Scribner’s, 1912), p.12

(hereafter Williams).

Seward: Williams, pp.22–23.

9.
the imperial decree: Warner, p.73.

10.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, November 30, 1861,
Dispatches of U.S. Ministers to China
(hereafter
DUSMC
), R.6.59, microfilm 92, National Archives.

Lindley: Lindley, vol. 1, p.358.

11.
Roberts’s report:
BPP
, vol. 63, 1863.

12.
the
Herald: NCH
, December 14, 1861.

the
Herald: NCH
, December 21, 1861.

one missionary:
NCH
, January 4, 1862.

13.
British consul: Gregory, pp.109–110.

Hope:
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

14.
Bruce: Gregory, p.119.

Palmerston: Gregory, pp.108–109.

15.
British consul: Smith, Dissertation, p.127.

Bruce: Bruce to Russell, March 26, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

16.
Willes: Capt. George O. Willes to Admiral Hope, January 20, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

17.
Macgowan: Macgowan, p.105.

18.
Wu Hsü’s letters to Ward: Ward Collection, Yale.

19.
Hsüeh:
IWSM, TC 4
, pp.25–28.

the
Herald: NCH
, January 18, 25, 1862.

Daily Shipiing and Commercial News:
in
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

20.
the
Herald: NCH
, February 15, 1862.

21.
Hayes: Hayes, “Soldier,” p.196.

22.
Tseng: Smith, Dissertation, p.87.

23.
Gordon: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.214.

24.
Hayes: Hayes, “Chapter,” pp.522–524.

25.
Hope: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.49.

26.
Hope: Hope to Paget, February 21, 1862,
ADM 125/104
.

27.
Alabaster’s account:
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862, enclosure in May 2, 1962.

Macgowan: Macgowan, p.107.

Forester: Forester, p.34.

28.
Macgowan: Macgowan, p.107.

29.
Hope: Hope to Paget, February 21, 1862,
ADM 125/104
.

30.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, March 22, 1862,
DUSMC
, R.6.59, microfilm 92, roll 21, National Archives.

the
Herald: NCH
, February 22, 1862.

Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.450.

31.
Sykes and the
Times:
Sykes, pp.23, 33.

Hope: Hope to Bruce, February 22, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

32.
Michel: Michel to Bruce, February 28, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862.

33.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, March 7, 1862,
DUSMC
, R.6.59, microfilm 92, roll 21, National Archives.

Hope: Hope to the Admiralty, March 5, 1862,
ADM 1/5790
.

34.
Hsüeh:
IWSM, TC 4
, pp.25–26.

35.
the imperial decree: Smith, Dissertation, p.91.

36.
the
Times:
London
Times
, June 4, 1862.

the
Herald
’s account of Hsiao-t’ang:
NCH
, March 8, 1862.

p.204: Lindley: Lindley, vol. 2, p.451.

Alabaster’s account:
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862, enclosure in May 2, 1962.

38.
Hsüeh’s account:
IWSM, TC 4
, pp.49b–51b.

39.
the
Herald
’s account of Ssu-ching:
NCH
, March 22, 1862.

Hsüeh’s account:
IWSM, TC 5
, pp.5b–7b.

CHAPTER VI

1.
Abend: Abend, pp.149–150.

2.
edict on foreign troops:
IWSM, TC 4
, p.52a.

Hsüeh on Ward:
IWSM, TC 5
, p.6b.

3.
edict questioning Ward:
IWSM, TC
5, p.8a.

4.
Smith: Smith,
Mercenaries
, p.52.

5.
Ward: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

Wilson: Wilson, pp.123–124.

6.
Wu Hsü: His letters to Ward can be found in the Ward Collection at Yale.

7.
one Western witness: William Mesny, cited in Abend, p.160.

Abend: Abend, p.151.

Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 3, p.22.

8.
another early Ward biographer: Cahill, p.165.

one early-twentieth-century scholar: Hosea Ballou Morse, in his fictionalized
In the Days of the Taipings
(Salem, Mass.: Essex Institute, 1927). Yang’s letter: This letter can be found in the Ward Collection at Yale.

9.
Cahill: Holger Cahill,
A Yankee Adventurer
(New York: MacAulay and Co., 1930), p.166 (hereafter Cahill).

Wu Hsü on Ward’s embarrassment:
IWSM, TC 5
, pp.51–52.

10.
the
chop
: This object can be found among the personal effects belonging to Ward that have been stored at the Essex Institute. There is also a collection of Chang-mei’s jewelry, as well as Ward’s mandarin’s cap (the blue button is missing).

11.
Shen Chu-jeng’s biography: A copy was graciously supplied to me by Richard J. Smith, who deserves sole credit for its discovery.

12.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, March 7, 1862,
DUSMC
, R.6.59, microfilm 92, roll 21, National Archives.

13.
Burgevine supplying Burlingame with lemonade and soda water: as related in a letter from Burgevine to Burlingame dated May 1863, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

14.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, March 22, 1862,
DUSMC
, R.6.59, microfilm 92, roll 21, National Archives.

Ward’s letter: Ward to Burlingame, August 16, 1862, Burlingame Papers, Library of Congress.

15.
Burlingame: Burlingame to Seward, October 27, 1862,
DUSMC
, microfilm 92, roll 21, National Archives.

Hope: Hope to Bruce, October 8, 1862,
FO 228/321;
Hope to Forester, October 12, 1862,
FO 228/321
.

16.
Schmidt: his memo on Ward’s character can be found in record group 59,
DUSCS
, microfilm 112, roll 5, National Archives.

Hayes: Hayes, “Soldier,” pp.196–197.

17.
Hope: Hope to Forester, October 12, 1862,
FO 228/321
.

18.
Feng Kuei-fen: quoted in Smith, Dissertation, p.149.

Hsüeh:
IWSM, TC 5
, pp.56–76.

Wu Hsü:
WHTA
, pp.138–141.

19.
Tseng: quoted in William J. Hail,
Tseng Kuo-fan and the Taiping Rebellion
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1927), p.260 (hereafter Hail).

20.
Macgowan: Macgowan, vol. 2, p.119.

21.
Hayes: The comment is contained in a memo concerning Ward’s estate dated August 30, 1864, that can be found in the
bound DUSCS
(record group 84), p.849, National Archives.

Hope: Smith, Dissertation, p.345.

Hayes: Hayes, “Soldier,” p.197.

Tseng’s biographer: Hail, p.259.

22.
imperial edict on foreigners: quoted in John K. Fairbank, ed.,
The Chinese World Order
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968), p.267 (hereafter Fairbank).

Fairbank: Fairbank, pp.262, 269, 272–273.

23.
Hsüeh’s doubting memorial:
IWSM, TC 5
, pp.33–36b.

24.
Ward to Harry: the letters can be found in record group 84, Legation Archives, Consulate Records, Shanghai, vol. 34, p.803, National Archives.

CHAPTER VII

1.
the Chung Wang: Curwen, pp.133–134.

2.
Bruce: Bruce to Russell, March 26, 1862,
BPP
, vol. 63, 1862, p.220.

Bruce: Bruce to Hope, March 26, 1862,
FO 17/371
.