Landowska, Wanda
Landsberg, Peter
Lane, Anthony,
15.1
,
15.2
language
adaptations for telegraphy,
5.1
,
5.2
Babbage’s work on,
4.1
,
4.2
compressibility of
concept of mind and
for discussing language,
3.1
,
3.2
,
4.1
functions of,
5.1
,
5.2
as infinite possibility,
epl.1
,
epl.2
limitations of
measuring redundancy in,
1.1
,
1.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
paradoxes of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
pattern analysis
perfect
redundancy in,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
5.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
12.1
as shared experience
statistical structure of,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
symbolic expression of,
5.1
,
5.2
technical,
3.1
,
3.2
transmission capacity of Internet and,
3.1
,
3.2
universal,
4.1
,
6.1
see also
oral culture; writing;
specific language
Language Instinct, The
(Pinker),
3.1
,
3.2
Lanier, Jaron
Laplace, Pierre-Simon,
14.1
,
14.2
Lardner, Dionysius,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
5.1
,
5.2
Lasker, Edward
Latin language,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
Laws of Thought, The
(Boole),
5.1
,
5.2
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm,
3.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
7.1
,
15.1
,
epl.1
Lem, Stanislaw
Le Roy, Édouard
Le Sage, Georges-Louis
Lever, Ralph
Levor, Norma,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
Leyland numbers
Li, Ming,
11.1
,
11.2
liar’s paradox
libraries, organization of materials in,
3.1
,
3.2
,
15.1
Library of Alexandria,
14.1
,
14.2
“Library of Babel, The” (Borges),
14.1
,
14.2
,
15.1
,
epl.1
,
epl.2
Library of Congress,
7.1
,
14.1
,
14.2
,
epl.1
Licklider, J. C. R.,
8.1
,
8.2
life
definition of,
9.1
,
9.2
entropy and,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
origins of,
10.1
,
10.2
,
10.3
,
11.1
as vehicle for propagating memes
see also
biology
lighthouses
Linnaeus, Carl
Littlewood, J. E.
Lloyd, Seth,
prl.1
,
13.1
,
14.1
Locke, John
Loewenstein, Werner,
prl.1
,
10.1
Logarithmicall Arithmetike
(Briggs)
logarithms,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
,
4.6
,
4.7
,
4.8
,
4.9
,
4.10
,
4.11
,
4.12
,
4.13
,
4.14
,
4.15
,
4.16
,
4.17
,
4.18
,
4.19
,
4.20
,
4.21
,
7.1
,
7.2
Logarithms
(Taylor)
logic
circularity problem of words,
3.1
,
3.2
concept of machines using,
7.1
,
7.2
form of thinking for,
2.1
,
2.2
function of,
2.1
,
2.2
origins and early development of,
2.1
,
2.2
paradoxes of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
thought and,
5.1
,
5.2
writing and,
2.1
,
2.2
see also
symbolic logic
logical depth,
12.1
,
12.2
logographic writing
Lokele tribe
longitude,
4.1
,
5.1
,
5.2
Lovelace, Ada,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
,
4.6
,
4.7
,
4.8
,
4.9
,
4.10
,
4.11
,
4.12
,
4.13
,
4.14
,
4.15
,
5.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
background of,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
exposition on Menabrea’s essay,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
illnesses and death of,
4.1
,
4.2
mathematics studied by,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
Luria, Aleksandr Romanovich,
2.1
,
2.2
Lyell, Charles
Lysenko, Trofim
Ma, Bin,
11.1
,
11.2
machines
Analytical Engine,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
,
4.6
,
4.7
,
4.8
,
4.9
,
4.10
,
4.11
,
4.12
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
attribution of thinking to,
6.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
,
8.5
,
8.6
,
8.7
,
8.8
Difference Engine,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
,
4.6
,
4.7
,
4.8
,
4.9
,
4.10
,
4.11
,
4.12
,
4.13
,
4.14
,
4.15
,
4.16
,
4.17
,
4.18
,
6.1
Differential Analyzer,
prl.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
6.5
,
6.6
,
8.1
Enigma,
7.1
,
7.2
Imitation Game to identify humans from,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
Jacquard loom,
4.1
,
4.2
maze-navigating robot,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
memory function in
to prove computability of numbers,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
7.5
,
7.6
purposeful behavior of
self-replicating,
8.1
,
8.2
standardization of manufacturing
see also
calculators; computer(s); Turing machine(s)
Mackay, Charles
macrostates,
9.1
,
9.2
“Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two, The” (Miller)
magnetism,
1.1
,
1.2
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
Mani, Anand Ramnath,
14.1
,
14.2
Mantel, Hillary
maps and mapping,
4.1
,
7.1
,
14.1
Mark I computer
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
prl.1
,
prl.2
,
prl.3
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
12.1
,
14.1
,
epl.1
Mathematical Analysis of Logic
(Boole)
Mathematical Theory of Communication, The
(Shannon, Weaver),
prl.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
7.5
,
7.6
,
7.7
,
7.8
,
7.9
,
7.10
,
7.11
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
,
epl.1
“Mathematical Theory of Cryptography, A” (Shannon)
mathematics
Babbage’s Cambridge studies in,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
Bablyonian,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5
,
2.6
ballistics modeling,
6.1
,
6.2
code analysis