The Internet Is Not the Answer (35 page)

10 John Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future: From Radio Days to Internet Years in a Lifetime
(Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000), p. 52.

11 Norbert Wiener,
Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1948).

12 Harkin,
Cyburbia
, p. 22.

13 Vannevar Bush, “As We May Think,”
Atlantic Monthly
, July 1945.

14 Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future
, p. 65.

15 “Science, The Endless Frontier,” a report to the president by Vannevar Bush, director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, July 1945.

16 Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future
, p. 70.

17 Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon,
Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 34.

18 Ibid.

19 Ibid., p. 38.

20 Paul Dickson, “Sputnik’s Impact on America,” PBS, November 6, 2007.

21 Hafner and Lyon,
Where Wizards Stay Up Late
, p. 20.

22 Ibid., p. 15.

23 Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future
, p. 95.

24 “I was driving one day to UCLA from RAND and couldn’t find a single parking spot in all of UCLA nor the entire adjacent town of Westwood,” Baran recalled. “At that instant I concluded that it was God’s will that I should discontinue school. Why else would He have found it necessary to fill up all the parking lots at that exact instant?,” Hafner and Lyon,
Where Wizards Stay Up Late
, p. 54.

25 Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future
, p. 92.

26 Hafner and Lyon,
Where Wizards Stay Up Late
, p. 55.

27 Ibid., p. 56.

28 Johnny Ryan,
A History of the Internet and the Digital Future
(London: Reaktion Books, 2010), p. 22.

29 Ibid., p. 16.

30 Hafner and Lyon,
Where Wizards Stay Up Late
, pp. 41–42.

31 Ibid., p. 263.

32 Ryan,
A History of the Internet and the Digital Future
, p. 39.

33 Ibid., p. 249.

34 Janet Abbate,
Inventing the Internet
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), p. 186.

35 Larry Downes and Chunka Mui,
Unleashing the Killer App: Digital Strategies for Market Dominance
(Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998).

36 Ibid.

37 Outlook Team, “The 41-Year History of Email,” Mashable, September 20, 2012.

38 John Perry Barlow, “A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace,” February 8, 1996.

39 David A. Kaplan,
The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams
(New York: Perennial, 2000), p. 229.

40 Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future
, p. 218.

41 Bush, “As We May Think.”

42 Gary Wolf, “The Curse of Xanadu,”
Wired
, June 1995.

43 Tim Berners-Lee,
Weaving the Web
(New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 5.

44 Ibid.

45 Ibid., p. 6.

46 Mariana Mazzucato,
The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths
(London: Anthem Press, 2013), p. 105.

47 John Cassidy,
DOT.CON: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst
(Penguin, 2002), p 19.

48 Naughton,
A Brief History of the Future
, ch. 15.

49 Ibid., p. 261.

Chapter Two

1 David Streitfeld, “Tom Perkins, Defender of the 1% Once Again,”
New York Times
, February 14, 2014.

2 Peter Delevett, “Tom Perkins Apologizes for Holocaust Comments, but It’s Hardly His First Controversy,”
San Jose Mercury News
, February 14, 2014.

3 “Progressive Kristallnacht Coming?,” Letters,
Wall Street Journal,
January 24, 2014.

4 Delevett, “Tom Perkins Apologizes for Holocaust Comments.”

5 David Streitfeld and Malia Wollan, “Tech Rides Are Focus of Hostility in Bay Area,”
New York Times
, January 31, 2014.

6 Tom Perkins,
Valley Boy: The Education of Tom Perkins
(New York: Gotham, 2007).

7 Ibid.

8 Jordan Weissmann, “Millionaire Apologizes for Comparing Progressives to Nazis, Says His Watch Is Worth a ‘6-Pack of Rolexes,’”
Atlantic
, January 27, 2014.

9 Brad Stone,
The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon
(New York: Little, Brown, 2013), p. 12.

10 Berners-Lee was specifically responding to the University of Minnesota’s spring 1993 decision to charge a licensing fee for its Gopher browser. See Tim Berners-Lee,
Weaving the Web
(San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999), pp. 72–73.

11 John Cassidy,
Dot.Con: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst
(London: Penguin, 2002).

12 Kaplan,
The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams
, pp. 157, 209. See also “John Doerr #23, The Midas List,”
Forbes
, June 4, 2014.

13 Kevin Roose, “Go West, Young Bank Bro,”
San Francisco
, February 21, 2014.

14 Cassidy,
Dot.Con
,
p. 22.

15 Jim Clark,
Netscape Time: The Making of the Billion-Dollar Start-Up That Took on Microsoft
(New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2000), p. 34.

16 Ibid., p. 68.

17 Cassidy,
Dot.Con
, p. 63.

18 Kaplan,
The Silicon Boys and Their Valley of Dreams
, p. 243.

19 Clark,
Netscape Time
, p. 261.

20 Ibid., p. 251.

21 Ibid., p. 249.

22 Ibid., p. 119.

23 Ibid., p. 67.

24 Thomson Venture Economics, special tabulations, June 2003.

25 Nicholas Negroponte,
Being Digital
(New York: Random House, 1996).

26 Kevin Kelly,
New Rules for the New Economy
(New York: Penguin, 1997).

27 Kevin Kelly,
What Technology Wants
(New York
:
Viking, 2010).

28 Kelly,
New Rules for the New Economy
,
p. 156.

29 Robert H. Frank and Philip J. Cook,
The Winner-Take-All Society: How More and More Americans Compete for Ever Fewer and Bigger Prizes, Encouraging Economic Waste, Income Inequality, and an Impoverished Cultural Life
(New York: Free Press, 1995).

30 Ibid., p. 47.

31 Ibid., p. 48.

32 “The Greatest Defunct Web Sites and Dotcom Disasters,” CNET, June 5, 2008.

33 Cassidy,
Dot.con
, pp. 242–45.

34 Stone,
The Everything Store
, p. 48.

35 Ibid.

36 Fred Wilson, “Platform Monopolities,”
AVC.com
, July 22, 2014.

37 Ibid.

38 Ibid.

39 Matthew Yglesias, “The Prophet of No Profit,”
Slate
, January 30, 2014.

40 Stone,
The Everything Store
, pp. 181–82.

41 Ibid., p. 173.

42 Jeff Bercovici, “Amazon Vs. Book Publishers, By The Numbers,”
Forbes
, February 10, 2014.

43 George Packer, “Cheap Words,”
New Yorker
, February 17, 2014.

44 Steve Wasserman, “The Amazon Effect,”
Nation
, May 29, 2012.

45 Sarah Butler, “Independent Bookshops in Decline as Buying Habits Change,”
Guardian
, February 21, 2014.

46 Stone,
The Everything Store
, p. 243.

47 Ibid, p. 340.

48 Stacy Mitchell, “The Truth about Amazon and Job Creation,” Institute for Local Self-Reliance, July 29, 2013,
ilsr.org/amazonfacts
.

49 Simon Head, “Worse than Walmart: Amazon’s Sick Brutality and Secret History of Ruthlessly Intimidating Workers,”
Salon
, February 23, 2014.

50 Spencer Soper, “Amazon Warehouse Workers Fight for Unemployment Benefits,”
Morning Call
, December 17, 2012.

51 Hal Bernton and Susan Kelleher, “Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit,”
Seattle Times
, April 3, 2012.

52 Lara Stevens, “Amazon Vexed by Strikes in Germany,”
New York Times
, June 19, 2013. See also Ollie John,
“Amazon Fires ‘Neo-Nazi’ Security Firm at German Facilities,”
Time
, February 19, 2013.

53 “Amazon workers face ‘increased risk of mental illness,’” BBC Business News, November 20, 2013.

54 Bernton and Kelleher, “Amazon Warehouse Jobs Push Workers to Physical Limit.”