The Internet Is Not the Answer (38 page)

80 Ibid., pp. 198–200.

81 Joel Kotkin, “California’s New Feudalism Benefits a Few at the Expense of the Multitude,”
Daily Beast
, October 5, 2013.

82 Paul Krugman, “Sympathy for the Luddites,”
New York Times
, June 13, 2013,
nytimes.com/2013/06/14/opinion/krugman
-sympathy-for-the-luddites.html?_r=0&pagewanted=print.

Chapter Four

1 Kara Swisher, “The Money Shot,”
Vanity Fair
, June 2013.

2 Steve Bertoni, “The Stanford Billionaire Machine Strikes Again,”
Forbes
, August 1, 2013.

3 Ibid.

4 Swisher, “The Money Shot.”

5 Systrom denies that there was a bidding war between Facebook and Twitter. But, according to Nick Bilton, the author of the bestselling
Hatching Twitter
(New York: Portfolio, 2013), there was one. See Nick Bilton, “Instagram Testimony Doesn’t Add Up,”
New York Times,
December 16, 2012,
bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/disruptions
-instagram-testimony-doesnt-add-up-2/?_r=1.

6 Emil Protalinski, “Thanksgiving Breaks Instagram Records: Over 10M Photos Shared at a Rate of Up to 226 per Second,” Next Web, November 23, 2012,
thenextweb.com/facebook/2012/11/23/instagram
-sees-new-record-during-thanksgiving-over-10m-photos-shared-at-a-rate-of-226-per-second.

7 Emil Protalinski, “Instagram Says Thanksgiving 2013 Was Its Busiest Day So Far, but Fails to Share Exact Figures,” Next Web, November 29, 2013.

8 Ingrid Lunden, “73% of U.S. Adults Use Social Networks, Pinterest Passes Twitter in Popularity, Facebook Stays on Top,”
TechCrunch
, December 31, 2013.

9 Sarah Perez, “An App ‘Middle Class’ Continues to Grow: Independently Owned Apps with a Million-Plus Users Up 121% Over Past 18 Months,”
TechCrunch
, November 8, 2013.

10 Ingrid Lunden, “Instagram Is the Fastest-Growing Social Site Globally, Mobile Devices Rule Over PCs for Access,”
TechCrunch
, January 21, 2014,
techcrunch.com/2014/01/21/instagram
-is-the-fastest-growing-social-site-globally-mobile-devices-rule-over-pcs-for-social-access.

11 See, for example, Ellis Hamburger, “Instagram Announces Instagram Direct for Private Photo, Video and Text Messaging,”
Verge
, December 12, 2013.

12 Alex Williams, “The Agony of Instagram,”
New York Times
, December 13, 2013.

13 Sarah Nicole Prickett, “Where the Grass Looks Greener,”
New York Times
, November 17, 2013.

14 Ibid.

15 Williams, “The Agony of Instagram.”

16 Tim Wu, “Sign of the Times: The Intimacy of Anonymity,”
New York Times
, June 3, 2014.

17 Teddy Wayne, “Of Myself I Sing,”
New York Times,
August 24, 2014.

18
Time
, December 25, 2006.

19 Packer, “Celebrating Inequality.”

20 See, for example, Jean Twenge and W. Keith Campbell,
The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement
(New York: Free Press, 2009), and Elias Aboujaoude,
Virtually You
(New York: Norton, 2011).

21 David Brooks, “High-Five Nation,”
New York Times
, September 15, 2009.

22 Parmy Olson, “Teenagers Say Goodbye to Facebook and Hello to Messenger Apps,”
Observer
, November 9, 2013.

23 Keen,
Digital Vertigo
, p. 12.

24 Malkani,
Financial Times,
December 28, 2013.

25 Charles Blow, “The Self(ie) Generation,”
New York Times
, March 7, 2014.

26 James Franco, “The Meanings of the Selfie,”
New York Times
, December 26, 2013,
nytimes.com/2013/12/29/arts/the
-meaning-of-the-selfie.html.

27 Sophie Heawood, “The Selfies at Funerals Tumblr Tells Us a Lot About Death,”
Vice.com
, November 1, 2013.

28 Stacy Lambe, “14 Grindr Profile Pics Taken at the Holocaust Memorial,”
Buzzfeed
, January 31, 2013.

29 Craig Detweiler, “‘Auschwitz Selfies’ and Crying into the Digital Wilderness,” CNN, July 22, 2014.

30 Stuart Heritage, “Selfies of 2013—the Best, Worst and Most Revealing,”
Guardian
,
December 22, 2013.

31 Rachel Maresca, “James Franco Allegedly Attempts to Meet Up with 17-Year-Old Girl via Instagram: Report,” New York
Daily News
, April 3, 2014.

32 Ibid.

33 “Selfie Is Oxford Dictionaries’ Word of the Year,”
Guardian
, November 18, 2013,
theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/19/selfie
-word-of-the-year-oed-olinguito-twerk/print.

34 This number is from the research advisory firm mobileYouth. See Olson, “Teenagers Say Goodbye to Facebook and Hello to Messenger Apps.” Interestingly, the mobileYouth research shows that the proportion of selfies on Snapchat is even higher than 50%.

35 Steven Johnson is perhaps the most relentlessly optimistic of Web believers. See, for example, his latest book:
Future Perfect: The Case for Progress in a Networked Age
(New York: Riverhead, 2012).

36 Tom Standage,
Writing on the Wall: Social Media—The First 2,000 Years
(New York: Bloomsbury, 2013).

37 Ibid., epilogue, pp. 240–51.

38 Williams, “The Agony of Instagram.”

39 Rhiannon Lucy Coslett and Holly Baxter, “Smug Shots and Selfies: The Rise of Internet Self-Obsession,”
Guardian
, December 6, 2013.

40 Nicholas Carr, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?,”
Atlantic
, July/August 2008. Also see Nicholas Carr,
The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains
(New York; Norton, 2011).

41 Eli Pariser,
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding From You
(Penguin, 2011). See also my June 2011 TechCrunchTV interview with Eli Pariser: Andrew Keen, “Keen On . . . Eli Pariser: Have Progressives Lost Faith in the Internet?,”
TechCrunch
, June 15, 2011,
techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/keen
-on-eli-pariser-have-progressives-lost-faith-in-the-internet-tctv.

42 Claire Carter, “Global Village of Technology a Myth as Study Shows Most Online Communication Limited to 100-Mile Radius,” BBC, December 18, 2013; Claire Cain Miller, “How Social Media Silences Debate,”
New York Times
, August 26, 2014.

43 Josh Constine, “The Data Factory—How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap.”

44 Derek Thompson, “Google’s CEO: ‘The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,’”
Atlantic
, October 1, 2010.

45 James Surowiecki, “Gross Domestic Freebie,”
New Yorker
, November 25, 2013.

46 Monica Anderson, “At Newspapers, Photographers Feel the Brunt of Job Cuts,” Pew Research Center, November 11, 2013.

47 Robert Reich, “Robert Reich: WhatsApp Is Everything Wrong with the U.S. Economy,”
Slate
, February 22, 2014.

48 Alyson Shontell, “Meet the 20 Employees Behind Snapchat,”
Business Insider
, November 15, 2013,
businessinsider.com/snapchat
-early-and-first-employees-2013-11?op=1.

49 Douglas Macmillan, Juro Osawa, and Telis Demos, “Alibaba in Talks to Invest in Snapchat,”
Wall Street Journal,
July 30, 2014.

50 Mike Isaac, “We Still Don’t Know Snapchat’s Magic User Number,” All Things D, November 24, 2013.

51 Josh Constine, “The Data Factory—How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap,”
TechCrunch
.

52 Alice E. Marwick,
Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity and Branding in the Social Media Age
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013). See chapter 3: “The Fabulous Lives of Micro Celebrities.”

53 Surowiecki, “Gross Domestic Freebie.”

54 Amanda Holpuch, “Instagram Reassures Users over Terms of Service After Massive Outcry,”
Guardian
, December 18, 2013.

55 The American Society of Media Photographers (ASMP), “The Instagram Papers,” Executive Summary, July 25, 2013, p. 3.

56 Ethan Zuckerman, The Internet’s Original Sin,”
Atlantic
, August 14, 2014.

57 Annie Leonard, “Facebook Made My Teenager into an Ad. What Parent Would Ever ‘Like’ That?,”
Guardian
, February 15, 2014.

58 Caroline Daniel and Maija Palmer, “Google’s Goal: to Organise Your Daily Life,”
Financial Times
, May 22, 2007.

59 Derek Thompson, “Google’s CEO: The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,”
Atlantic,
October 1, 2010.

60 Amir Efrati, “Google Beat Facebook for DeepMind, Creates Ethics,”
The Information
, January 26, 2014.

61 Jaron Lanier,
Who Owns the Future?
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013), p. 366.

Chapter Five

1 Kunal Dutta, “The Revolution That Killed Soho’s Record Shops,”
Independent
,
May 12, 2010.

2 Annie O’Shea, “Oasis (What’s the Story) Morning Glory?,” Radio Nova, January 14, 2014,
nova.ie/albums/oasis
-whats-the-story-morning-glory-3.

3 Philip Beeching, “Why Companies Fail—the Rise and Fall of HMV,”
Philipbeeching.com
, August 6, 2012.

4 Alexander Wolfe, “Digital Pennies from Analog Dollars Are Web Content Conundrum,”
InformationWeek
, March 12, 2008.