Authors: Ken Alder
266
"subject A":
Harold Lasswell, "Certain Prognostic Changes during Trial (Psychoanalytic) Interviews,"
Psychoanalytic Review
23 (1936): 241–247, quotations, 245–246.
267
"is a heavy one":
Chafee, in [Wickersham],
Report on Lawlessness,
11:126; see also 136.
268
"the greatest blow":
International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1932, quoted in Leo,"The Third Degree," 55.
269
"The rack and torture chamber": Brown v. State of Mississippi,
297 U.S. (1936).
270
"Here’s the best":
Chafee, in [Wickersham],
Report on Lawlessness,
11: 130–31.
271
"smashed the machine": NYT,
11/23/29.
272
"I know what":
J.L.,
Lying,
386.
273
"TOP BLEW OFF":
E.K.,
Lie Detector Man,
60.
274
"the machine will tell":
J.L.,
Lying,
387.
275
"more in keeping": NYT,
11/24/29.
276
"one of the outstanding":
Chafee, in [Wickersham,]
Report on Lawlessness,
11:151.
277
"laboratory":
Newman F. Baker and Fred Inbau,"The Scientific Detection of Crime,"
Minnesota Law Review
17 (1932–1933): 602–625, quotation, 613.
278
"fractures of the cervical": CT,
11/1/29. See also CCCP: Probate/151387, "In Matter of Anna Gustafson," 6/3/30; Keeler,"Canary."
279
"This looks as if": CT,
7/9/30.
280
"Judge Horner doesn’t":
BPP/10: L.K. to A.V., 8/17/30.
281
And in Wichita:
LKP-DoD: Thomas Jaycox to L.K., 1/20/39.
282
"She cared more":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 6/13/30.
283
"on your trail":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., [8/29].
284
"[W]e know that":
LKP/2: C.K. to K.A., 8/13/30.
285
"wayward husbands":
LKP/3: E.K. to L.K., 8/19/30.
286
"S
O
T
HIS
I
S
L
OVE
!": Chicago Herald and Examiner,
6/1/32.
287
"infinitely more baffling":
Ernst P. Boas and Ernst F. Goldschmidt,
The Heart Rate
(Springfield, Ill.: Thomas, 1932), 100. See FBI: E. P. Coffey to Edwards, 11/13/35.
288
"outside the pale":
Rex Collier,"Uncle Sam’s Scientists Turn Detective,"
Sunday Star
(Washington, D.C.), 9/14/30.
289
"If there is ever":
Wigmore,
Anglo-American System of Evidence
(1923), 2:237–238.
290
"As an axe leaves":
Wigmore,
Anglo-American System of Evidence,
1:544.
291
"My former skeptical":
JWP: John Wigmore to L.K., 8/8/29.
292
"to further my knowledge":
LKP/2: Chester Gould, "Application," 11/8/32.
293
"We take our place":
BPP/10: K.A. to A.V., 5/12/31.
294
"I don’t know": CT,
12/30/33.
295
"She frowned":
Dashiell Hammett,
The Glass Key
(New York: Random House [1931], 1989), 143.
296
"the problems of":
JLP/1: J.L. to Douglas Kelley, 12/26/50, describing these efforts retrospectively.
297
"shouted loudly":
BPP/10: L.K. to A.V., 4/17/30. For the case, see
Appleton Post-Crescent,
4/1/30–4/12/30. See also LKP-DoD: E.K.,"The Hidden Truth: The Black Creek Robbery," [1950].
298
"doggone John":
BPP/10: L.K. to A.V., 4/17/30.
299
"artificial":
AVP/18: J.L. to A.V., 1/5/[31], though the letter says 1930.
300
"fishing expeditions":
JLP/7: J.L. to L.K., 10/31/30.
301
"infallible":
AVP/18: J.L. to A.V., 1/22/31.
302
"our young enthusiast":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 4/28/31.
303
"best modification":
JLP/7: J.L. to L.K., 12/21/31.
304
"This sort of thing":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 7/2/31.
305
"unethical":
JLP/7: J.L. to Charles DeLacy, 2/5/41.
306
"You have never":
JLP/8: J.L. to L.K., 10/4/32.
307
"to every Tom":
JLP/7: J.L. to L.K., 12/21/31.
308
"control the instrument":
LKP/2: L.K. to C. Wilson, 7/20/31.
309
"prostitution and promiscuous use":
JLP/8: L.K. to J.L., 12/28/31.
310
"tossing about among":
LKP/3: L.K. to A.V., 12/17/29.
311
What he found shocked:
LKP/2: L.K. to Newman Baker, 7/21/33. See also LKP/2: L.K. to Henry Scarborough, 6/10/31.
312
"Under the circumstances":
LKP/2: L.K. to E. R. Naugle, 6/3/41.
313
"At this point":
ADMP: Agnes de Mille, "Keeler," [1980s]; the interrogation took place on 10/31/40.
314
a clip of 75 percent:
L.K., "A Method for Detecting Deception,"
Insurance Claim Journal
3 (1932): 3–6, 25–26.
315
After all, the courts: Commonwealth v. Hipple,
333 Pa. 33 (1939). See also
People v. Becker,
300 Mich. 562 (1942).
316
"Don’t be a darn": Topeka Daily Capital,
5/27/33. See L.K.,"Scientific Methods.".
317
privately surveyed:
LKP-DoD: Keeler survey of 1938–1940.
318
"if he had to choose":
LKP-DoD: James Byars to L.K., 1/5/38.
319
An officer with the Michigan:
L.K.,"The Lie-Detector Proves Its Usefulness,"
Public Management
22 (1940): 163–166; reprinted in
Polygraph
23 (1994): 181–185.
320
"we rely on the Polygraph":
LKP-DoD: Don Kooken to L.K., 2/28/39.
321
"legal fictions":
Raymond Moley, "The Vanishing Jury,"
Southern California Law Review
2 (1928): 97–127, quotation, 125. See also George Fisher,
Plea Bargaining’s Triumph: A History of Plea Bargaining in America
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2003).
322
"The lie detector has not:"
Douglas Kelley, in NARA/RG326/149: AEC, "In the Matter of ‘Lie-Detector’ Panel Meeting," 1/24/52, 92.
323
"Two Simple Ways":
Kenneth Murray, "Two Simple Ways to Make a Lie Detector,"
Popular Science
128 (5/36): 63, 98–99.
324
"L
IE
!":
David Simon,
Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets
(Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1991), 204. For recent practice and the laugh, see
U.S. v. Scheffer,
523 U.S. 303 (1998), oral argument, 11/3/97, at www.oyez.org.
325
Psychological studies suggest:
Edward E. Jones and Harold Sigall,"The Bogus Pipeline: A New Paradigm for Measuring Affect and Attitude,"
Psychological Bulletin
76 (1971): 349–364.
326
the nation’s top examiners:
Personal communication, DoD polygraph operator, Fort McClellan, Alabama, 6/98.
327
"sweetheart": CT,
5/23/31.
328
"one hundred percent innocent": CT,
5/13/31.
329
Keeler expressing his willingness: Vidette-Messenger
(Valparaiso), 5/21/31.
330
"any fantastic device": CT,
5/21/31.
331
"used as a testing room": CT,
5/22/31.
332
"Such a step": WP,
5/21/31.
333
"I’m sure he was":
BPP/10: L.K. to A.V., 5/26/31. See JLP-BG: J.L. to Crumpacker, 5/27/31; J.L.,"The Detection of Lying,"
Police 13-13
(7/32): 22.
334
"Thought-Wave Detector": Look,
1/4/38, 29.
335
"Despite his mumbo-jumbo":
JLP/7: J.L. to Claude Broom, 6/25/63.
336
"Diogenes searched":
CCCA/35943: Orlando Scott, business card, National Detection of Deception Laboratories.
337
"in the doghouse":
JLP/7: J.L. to W.M., 10/27/37.
338
"all scientists"
to
"We have made":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 10/9/31.
339
"probing for complexes":
J.L. and Haney,"Cardio-Respiratory Variations,"1051.
340
"My own opinion":
JLP/5: A.V. to J.L., 10/1/31.
341
"I flatly disagree":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 10/9/31.
342
"Golly, I’m sorry":
LJP/7: L.K. to J.L., 10/22/28.
343
"While this work":
AVP/18: J.L. to A.V., 8/19/32.
344
"breach of faith":
JLP/7: A.V. to J.L., 6/16/31.
345
"source book":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 4/28/31.
346
"savored of cheap publicity":
Meyer, quoted in JLP-JH: J.L. to Adolf Meyer, 10/24/31.
347
"Each case is a clinical":
J.L.,"Detection,"
Police 13-13,
23.
348
"ultra-conservative":
Harold Burtt,"
Lying and Its Detection,
by John A. Larson,"
New York University Law Review
10 (1932–1933): 563–565.
349
"published every slanderous":
AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 9/19/32.
350
"It is my opinion":
AVP/42: A.V. to L.K., 10/4/32.
351
"Our good friend John":
AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 3/19/34.
352
"I am glad to hear":
LKP/2: J.L. to L.K., 10/27/32.
353
"inseparably linked":
UICA/Century of Progress/1-13301: C. Goddard to F. R. Moulon, 6/3/33.
354
"unconscious schooling":
"Preliminary Report of the Science Advisory Committee," 6/31, quoted in John E. Findling,
Chicago’s Great World’s Fairs
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994), 93.
355
"features which might":
UICA/Century of Progress/1-13301: C. Goddard to F. R. Moulon, 6/3/33.
356
"half-witted":
BPP/16: J.L. to Wiltberger, 3/1/32.
LAT,
12/6/31.
357
"overt activities":
AVP/17: L.K. to A.V., 3/19/34.
358
"a more sympathetic":
UICA/Century of Progress/1-13303: L.K. to Lenox Lohr, 12/4/33.
359
"snowed under":
JLP-BG: L.K. to J.L., 4/12/35.
360
"People…made the farcical assumption":
Philip Wylie,
Generation of Vipers
(New York: Rinehart, 1942), 37.
361
"I was fascinated":
Dashiell Hammett,
The Thin Man
(New York: Random House, [1933], 1972), 4.
362
"fantastic pajamas":
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Calendar," 1931.
363
"If I had a hundred":
KAP: K.A. to parents, 3/31/32.