The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (75 page)
5
Cal.
S.
P. Span., Suppl. 1513-42,
p. 86.
6
RO, PRO 31/8f 51
[LP,
vi.485 ].
7
See the accounts cited, p. 392 n. 5. For Anne’s and the other Tudor royal crowns and the ceremony, see J. Arnold, ‘The coronation portrait of Queen Elizabeth I’, in
Burlington Magazine,
120 (1978), 731-2.
8
Ibid., 120, 727-41; NPG, no. 5175.
10
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, p. 424.
11
Carles, in Ascoli,
L‘Opinion
, line 61;
Cal. S. P. Ven., 1527
—
33, 236.
12
Cal. S. P
.
Span., 1531
—
33
, p. 473. Contradictory versions have been published of what Barlow said, muddling the terms used: ‘
ladite dame’
and
‘ladite fille’.
The context makes clear that the former is Anne, and the BL text reads in the original:
‘Ledit doyen [Barlow] respondit qu’il avoit connaisance tant de ladite dame que de ladite fille, et que ladite fille estoit plus belle que ladite dame mais ladite dame estoit bien eloquente et gracieux et competement belle et de bonne maison
’ [Add. MS 28585, f. 45].
13
Original Letters,
ii.553.
14
Cal. S. P. Ven.,
1527 — 33, 824.
16
Original Letters,
ii.553;
Cal.
S.
P. Ven., 1527 33,
824; Carles, in Ascoli,
L’Opinion,
lines 170-1.
17
Ordinances for the Housebold,
pp. 123-4. For the creation as lady marchion ess, see pp. 158-9.
18
NPG,
Portraits,
i.7. Seventeenth-century inventories reveal that other portraits of Anne did exist, e.g. Historical Manuscripts Commission,
Manuscripts of the Marquess of Ormonde,
new series (1902 — 20), vii.507.
19
H. M. the Queen, Windsor [Parker,
Drawings,
no. 63]. BM, Dept. of Prints and Drawings, ‘Portrait of a Lady’, 1975-6-21-22.
20
For the vicissitudes of the Holbein drawings, see Parker,
Drawings,
pp. 7-20; J. Rowlands, ‘A portrait drawing by Hans Holbein the younger’, in
British Museum Yearbook,
2 (1977), 231-7.
21
John Rowlands and David Starkey, ‘An old tradition reasserted: Holbein’s portrait of Queen Anne Boleyn’, in
Burlington Magazine,
125 (1983), 88-92, argue for the identification of the Windsor drawing as that of Anne, on the basis of Cheke’s authority and on circumstantial grounds. However, the fact that Margaret Gigges, More’s foster daughter, is called ‘Mother lak’, i.e. Mrs Jackson, Edward VI’s nurse, whom Cheke as the king’s tutor must have known, must cast doubt on the story about the identifications being made by him. More’s daughter-in-law Elizabeth Dauncey, called ‘The Lady Barkley’, is similarly worrying; Parker,
Drawings,
p. 53 no. 63; Ives in
Apollo,
140, 42.
22
Rowlands, in
British Museum Yearbook,
2, 233-4.
23
The above summarizes E. W. Ives, ‘The queen and the painters: Anne Boleyn, Holbein and Tudor royal portraits’, in
Apollo,
140 (1994), 40-4.
24
BM, Dept. of Coins and Medals. G. Hill,
Medals of the Renaissance
, rev. J. G. Pollard (1978), p. 145.
25
e.g. J. Rowlands,
The Age of Durer and Holbein
(1988), p. 236.
26
Engraved by Richard Elstrack and published in Thomas Holland,
Baziliwlogia
(1618), the only queen consort to appear in this series of English monarchs.
27
NPG,
Portraits,
ii. plate 10.
29
P. Somerset Fry,
Chequers, the Country Home of Britain’s Prime Ministers (1977),
p. 52;
Catalogue of the Principal Works of Art at Chequers
(HMSO, 1923), no. 507;
Princely Magnificence: Court Jewels of the Renaissance
(Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1980-1 no. 37 and p. 26;
Elizabeth
, ed. Doran, pp. 12-13. A. G. Somers Cocks has suggested that the appearance of an enamel phoenix arising from a flaming crown beneath the bezel of the ring indicates a connection with Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, who campaigned ceaselessly to get Elizabeth I to recognize his marriage with Jane Grey’s sister, Katherine. The device, however, would serve a double reference for Elizabeth, who both used the phoenix symbol and had risen miraculously from the flames of the destruction of her mother, the only one of Henry VIII’s later wives to wear a crown. The ring is not mentioned in the inventories of Elizabeth’s jewels, but must have been made for her, or as an elaborate gesture of loyalty to her, and the association of the image is secure either way.
30
The apparently inferior version of the National Portrait Gallery pattern owned (1969) by Mrs K. Radclyffe agrees with the version at Hever (plate 1 ): NPG,
Portraits,
ii. plate 9.
31
Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry. H. A. Kennedy,
Early Portrait Miniatures in the Collection of the Duke of Buccleuch,
ed. C. Holmes (1917), no. C8: ‘From an ancient original’ is written on the back of the mounting.
33
Cf. the close similarity of pose with the
Portrait of a Lady
at Toledo, wrongly disseminated as
Catherine Howard:
NPG,
Portraits,
i.42-4; Rowlands,
Paintings,
cat. 69.
34
Strong,
Artists,
no. 14 and pp. 39 — 40; Strong,
Renaissance Miniature,
no. 22 and pp. 36, 189.
35
Love Letters,
p. 47 [
LP
, iv.4597].
36
De Carles, in Ascoli,
L‘Opinion,
lines 62-8; cf. William Forrest,
The History of Grisild the Second,
ed. M. D. Macray (1875), lines 52-3.
pace
Warnicke,
Rise and Fall,
p. 270, Forrest was not chaplain to Katherine of Aragon but to her daughter, Mary I.
37
De Carles, in Ascoli,
L’Opinion
, lines 75-84.
38
Cavendish,
Wolsey,
p. 29.
39
George Wyatt,
Papers
, p. 143.
40
BL, Sloane MS 2495, f. 2v.
41
Oxford, Bodleian MS C. Don. 42, f. 32.
43
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey
, ed. Singer, p. 423; de Carles, in Ascoli,
L‘Opinion,
lines 53-4.
Chapter 4 Sources
1
Correspondence of Reginald Pole,
ed. T. F. Mayer (2002), i. 101, 106, 108.
2
Cavendish,
Metrical Visions,
pp. 41-2.
3
Hist. Mss. Comm.,
Various Collections
(1901-14), iii.131.
4
A substantial early 17th-century attack on Anne with elaborate late 17th-century annotations exists in the library of the descendants of John More the younger: Eyston MS vii g15.
5
William Roper,
The Life, Arraignement and Death of... Syr Thomas More,
ed. E. V. Hitchcock. Early English Text Society, 197 (1935), p. 74.
6
Sander,
Schism,
p. 23 n.2.
8
LP,
vii.289 at pp. 123-4.
9
BL, Sloane MS 2495, f. 27.
10
Foxe,
Acts and Monuments,
v. 136-7.
12
John Aylmer,
An harborowe for faith-full and trewe subiectes
(Strassburg, 1559), sig. B4v.; John Bridges,
The Supremacie of Christian Princes (1573),
p. 853.
13
William Thomas,
The Pilgrim,
ed. J. A. Froude (1861), p. 70.
14
George Wyatt,
Papers,
pp. 141, 143.
15
Raphael Holinshed,
Chronicles
(1577), 1565.
16
Foxe,
Acts and Monuments,
v. 136.
17
Oxford, Bodl. MS C. Don. 42, ff. 20-33; RO, SP70/7, ff. 1-11
[Cal. S. P. For,
1558-9, 1303].
18
George Wyatt,
Papers
, pp. 20-1.
19
Nicolai Sanderi, De origine ac progressu Schismatis Anglicani liber,
ed. Edward Rishton (Cologne, 1585); see pp. 39-40.
20
Dowling, Cronickille, p. 40.
21
‘The Life’ was edited in
The Life of Cardinal Wolsey by George Cavendish,
ed. S. W. Singer (2nd edn, 1827), pp. 417-49; ‘The History’ in George Wyatt,
Papers,
ed. D. M. Loades. Camden Soc., 4th series, 5 (1968), pp. 19-30; ‘A Defence of Sir Thomas Wyatt the elder, etc.’ in ibid., pp. 181 — 205.
22
Ibid., pp. 24, 29, 185-6.
23
J. A. Guy,
Thomas More
(2000), pp. 151-63; G. R. Elton, ‘Sir Thomas More and the opposition to Henry VIII’, in
Studies,
i.155-72.
24
Cronica del Rey Enrico,
p. 88;
Chronicle,
ed. Hume, at p. 68; Muir,
Life and Letters of Wyatt,
p. 221; Wyatt,
Poems,
CXLIII.
25
George Wyatt,
Papers,
p. 27; in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, p. 422; see pp. 132-3.
26
For the following see Freeman,
Hist. journ. 38
(1995), 797-819.
27
See
Narratives of the Reformation.
28
G. Mattingly,
Renaissance Diplomacy
(Boston, 1955).
29
Cal.
S.
P
.
Ven., 1534-54,
31, 242.
33
He arrived 24 Dec. 1531 [ibid., v. 614] and was replaced Nov. 1532 [ibid., v.1531, 1579]; in Brittany: ibid., v.1013, 1110. Chapuys guessed he returned a week earlier: ibid., v. 1109.
34
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33,
pp. 378, 417, 463-4, 475-7, 525, 561;
LP,
v.614.
35
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531-33,
p. 466
(LP,
v.1109].
36
For this and the following see G. Mattingly, ‘A humanist ambassador’, in
Journal of Modern History,
4 (1932), 175-85.
37
Cal. S. P. Span., 1531
—
33
, p. xxvii; ibid.,
1536-38,
p. xviii.
38
Ibid.,
Suppl. 1513-42,
pp. xxxviii, 452.
39
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn
, i. p. viii. To be fair to Friedmann, he was contrasting this with English duplicity, and he later made points qualifying this encomium: ibid., i. p. xiv.