The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (78 page)

 
23
Ambassades de du Bellay,
101 at p. 304 [
LP
, iv.4391].
 
24
Ibid., 114 at p. 320 [
LP
, iv.4440]; 124 at pp. 339-40 [
LP,
iv.4542].
 
25
Love Letters
, pp. 30-2 [
LP
, iv.4403].
 
26
Ibid., pp. 43-4 [
LP,
iv.4383].
 
27
St
.
Pap.,
i.298-9 [
LP,
iv.4409].
 
28
Ambassades de du Bellay,
132 at p. 363 [
LP,
iv.4649].
 
29
Cavendish,
Wolsey,
p. 35.
 
30
D. Knowles, ‘The matter of Wilton’, in
BIHR,
31 (1958), 92-6.
 
31
Eleanor seems also to have been supported by those nuns opposed to any tightening of discipline.
 
32
LP,
iv.4477; cf. ibid., vi.285;
House of Commons,
iii.627.
 
33
LP,
iv.4477.
 
34
Cavendish,
Wolsey,
pp. 35-6.
 
35
The contemporary term was not ‘faction’ but ‘friends’. For the phenomenon generally, see E. W. Ives,
Faction in Tudor England
( 1979) and ‘Henry VIII: the political perspective’, in
Henry VIII,
ed. D. MacCulloch, pp. 28-34 and the bibliographies cited in each; also David Starkey, ‘Representation through intimacy’, in
Symbols and Sentiments,
ed. I. M. Lewis (1977), pp. 187-224; ‘The age of the household’, in
The Later Middle Ages,
ed. S. Medcalf (1981), pp. 225-90; ‘From feud to faction’, in
History Today,
32 (1982), 16-22.
 
36
Cf. G. R. Elton on the situation in the late 1530s: ‘You could no more follow Cromwell if you were a convinced papist than you could attach yourself to Norfolk and Gardiner if you thought that there had been no true religion before Luther.’
Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government
(Cambridge, 1974-92), iii.55.
 
37
Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon,
pp. 160-1, 288; J. E. Paul,
Catherine of Aragon and her Friends
(1966), David Starkey, The
Reign of Henry VIII
(1985), pp. 44-5.
 
38
Ordinances for the Household
, p. 154.
 
39
LP, iii.2955;
Ordinances for the Household,
p. 154.
 
40
See pp. 12-14.
 
41
LP,
iv.5497 shows the early in trouble with Wolsey, apparently for making overtures to the court; cf. ibid., iv.3748.
 
42
Ibid., iv.4081.
 
43
For the following see ibid., iv.3216, 4436-7; 4452; 4456; 4710; 6748(15).
 
44
Ibid., iv.4584; for the vulnerability of Wolsey, see also ibid., iv.4556.
 
45
RO, SP1/49, f. 175 [LP, iv.4584].
 
46
Ambassades de du Bellay,
188 at p. 543 [LP, iv.5210].
 
47
Ibid., iv.5624;
House of Commons,
i.634-7.
 
48
LP
, v.311-12, 315.
 
49
Ibid., iv.6072(21), 6187(12); v.318(21).
 
50
Ibid., vi.462.
 
51
For the following, see ibid., iv.3213(18), 3869(29), 3964, 4005, 4081,4335.
 
52
St
.
Pap.,
i.302;
LP,
iv.4656.
 
53
Francis’s mother and Anne’s mother were half-sisters: E. W. Ives,
The Common Lawyers in Pre-Reformation England
(Cambridge, 1984), p. 377.
 
54
St. Pap.,
vii. 145. NB also the appointment of George Boleyn as esquire of the body on 26 Sept. 1528:
LP,
iv.4779.
 
55
See pp. 34-6.
 
56
LP,
iv. 1319, 1329. Although G. W. Bernard,
War, Taxation and Rebellion in Early Tudor England
(Brighton, 1986), pp. 76-87, demonstrates that the dukes did not ‘provoke refusals and disturbances’ nor ‘capitalise on troubles ... to do down Wolsey’, but they were clearly anxious to communicate with the king direct instead of via the cardinal.
 
57
Cavendish,
Wolsey,
pp. 43-4.
 
58
Cal. S. P. Span., 1527-29,
pp. 109, 190-3.
 
59
LP,
iv.3318.
 
60
St. Pap.,
i.261 [
LP
, iv.3360].
 
61
Ibid., i.278-9; cf. ibid., i.267.
 
62
Cal. S. P. Span., 1527-29
, p. 432.
 
Chapter 8 Anne Boleyn and the Fall of Wolsey
 
1
Cal. S. P. Span., 1527-29,
pp. 432-3.
 
2
Ambassades de du Bellay,
132 at pp. 363-4 [
LP
, iv.4649].
 
3
This seems much more probable than that Anne bore a grudge over Henry Percy.
 
4
Cavendish,
Wolsey,
p. 12.
 
5
Ibid., pp. 64-7; Hall,
Chronicle,
pp. 733-4; see pp. 67, 84, 89-90. For the fate of Henry’s solo initiative see Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII,
pp. 158-62, 202-6, and Starkey, Six Wives, pp. 294-313. Pace Starkey, there is no evidence of Anne’s involvement other than the use of John Barlow, who was later associated with her. I see the fiasco as an instance of Henry’s overconfidence in his own abilities (perhaps showing off to Anne) and I do not accept Cavendish’s story that Anne was already intransigently hostile to Wolsey: see pp. 64-5.
 
6
Ellis,
Letters,
3 ii.131 [
LP,
iv.4005].
 
7
LP,
iv.4081; see, p. 106.
 
8
St. Pap.,
i.289 [
LP,
iv.4335]. The movements of Henry and Anne necessarily date this letter before the sweat.
 
9
BL, Cotton MS Otho Cx, f. 220. The MS is mutilated; for a full text see Burnet,
History
, i.104
[LP
, iv.4480];
LP
, iv.App. 197.
 
10
BL, Cotton MS Vit. B xii, f.4. The MS is mutilated; for a full text see Burnet,
History,
i.103-4 [
LP
, iv.4360].
 
11
The reference to Campeggio establishes the date as after Anne had returned to court following the sweat:
LP
, iv.4538, 4649. It was known on 28 June that Campeggio had not set off [ibid., 4430], by which time Anne and Henry were separated.
 
12
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1527-29,
p. 790.
 
13
Cavendish,
Wolsey,
p. 36.
 
14
Cal. S. P. Span., 1527-29,
p. 847.
 
15
Except, perhaps, du Bellay:
Ambassades de du Bellay,
162 at pp. 454-5 [
LP
, iv.4915], and 163 at p. 463 [LP, iv.4942].
 
16
St. Pap.
, i.194-5 [
LP,
iv.3217];
Ambassades de du Bellay
, 132 at p. 363 [LP, iv.4649].
 
17
Brewer,
Henry VIII
, ii.486.
 
18
Ibid.
 
19
St. Pap
., vii.106 [LP, iv.4977, p. 2159].
 
20
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1527-29,
p. 861.
 
21
Ambassades de du Bellay
,188 at p. 543 [
LP
, iv. 5210].
 
22
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1527-29,
pp. 885-6.
 
23
For Bryan’s role see
St. Pap
., vii.166 [
LP
, iv. 5481]and p. 128.
 
24
Ibid., vii.170 [
LP
, iv.5519]; cf. ibid., vii.167 [
LP
, iv.5481].
 
25
Ibid., vii.149 [
LP
, iv.5213];
LP
, iv.5294, 5315, 5344, 5348.
 
26
St. Pap
., i.330 [
LP
, iv.5393].
 
27
Ibid., vii.143 [LP, iv.5152].
 
28
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1527-29,
p. 327.
 
29
Burnet,
History,
v.444 [
LP,
iv.5422]. Cramp-rings (allegedly so called because they were a prophylactic against cramp) were a frequent gift in this period.
 
30
Cal. S. P. Span., 1527-29
, p. 877.
 
31
Burnet,
History
, iv.115-17 [
LP
, iv.5427]; iv. 79-92 [
LP
, iv.5428],
St. Pap
., vii.169-70 [LP, iv.5519]; Burnet,
History
iv.93 [LP, iv.5523]. This last can be dated
c
.9 May and was sent on 13 May:
LP
, iv.5535, 5576.
 
32
Ibid., iv.5572 at p. 2461; Burnet,
History
, iv.112-13 [
LP
, iv.5576].
 
33
LP
, iv.5302 [for the date see ibid., iv.5037, 5073], 5535 at p. 2450, 5572 at p. 2461.
 
34
Ibid., iv.5447, 5477;
St. Pap.
, vii.169 [
LP
, iv.5519].
 
35
The crucial letters were dated 21 Apr., received early May:
St. Pap
., vii.166-9 [
LP
, iv.5481];
LP
, iv.5476. For the scene with Campeggio’s secretary: ibid., iv.5572 at pp. 2463 — 4. But Wolsey told Campeggio that the decision to press the pope was Henry’s, in spite of his telling him the facts: ibid., iv.5584 at p. 2470.
 
36
Burnet,
History
, iv.94 [
LP
, iv.5523]; cf. ibid., iv.108-13 [
LP,
iv.5576];
LP
, iv.5535 at p. 2450.
 
37
Du Bellay,
Correspondance
, i.14 at pp. 44-8 [
LP
, iv.5702], 15 at pp. 48-51 [
LP
, iv.5701];
LP
, iv.5681 at pp. 2510-11, 5703,5710,5713,5733.
 
38
Ibid., iv.5604.
 
39
St. Pap.
, vii.167 [
LP
, 5481]; cf.
LP
, iv.5518;
St. Pap
., vii.170 [
LP
, iv.5519].
 
40
Bryan’s interview with Francis I must have been on the way out, since Suffolk left England while Bryan was still at Rome:
LP,
iv.5585, 5606.
 
41
Du Bellay,
Correspondance
, i.4 at p. 14 [LP, iv.5541];
St. Pap.
, vii.182-4 [
LP
, iv.5635]. Anne’s response is made clear by du Bellay,
Correspondance
, i.17 at p. 58 [
LP
, iv.5742 is inaccurate]. Suffolk had arrived by 18 May:
LP
, iv.5562.
 
42
St. Pap.,
vii.183 [LP, iv.5635].
 
43
Du Bellay,
Correspondance
, i.17 at p. 58. The reference is to the notorious ostentation shown (and success gained) by Wolsey at the conference with Francis I at Amiens in 1527.
 
44
LP
, iv.5723, 5741, 5771. For the following see also Ives, in
Cardinal Wolsey
, ed. Gunn and Lindley, pp. 286-315.

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