2
Frédéric Bastiat. 1862. « La peur d'un mot. » In
Oeuvres complètes, Tome Deuxième
, Guillemin, p. 397.
4
Ray Hughes Whitbeck. 1924.
Industrial Geography. Production, Manufacture, Commerce.
American Book Company, pp. 12â13.
8
To give of sense of how much still needs to be accomplished though, according to a USDA report, direct sale to consumers, like farmers markets, only accounted for 0.4 percent of total agricultural sales in 2007 (excluding nonedible products only brought the total up to 0.8 percent). See Steve Martinez, Michael Hand, Michelle Da Pra, Susan Pollack, Katherine Ralston, Travis Smith, Stephen Vogel, Shellye Clark, Luanne Lohr, Sarah Low and Constance Newman. 2010.
Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues
. Economic Research Report #97. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/ERR97/ERR97.pdf
.
9
The issue is obviously trickier for processed products depending on the various rules of origins regulating them. For instance, “Canadian” pickled products are often grown in other countries, but if enough processing activities take place in Canada, they can earn a national designation.
10
Joseph Russell Smith. 1917. “Price Control through Industrial Organization.”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
74 (The World's Food): 280â287, p. 285.
11
Joseph Russell Smith. 1917. “Price Control through Industrial Organization.”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
74 (The World's Food): 280â287, p. 285.
13
John M. McKee. 1925. “The Relation of Local Farm Output to the Local Product.”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
117: 278â284, p. 282.
17
Quoted in Bertie Mandelblatt. 2007. “A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic World.”
History Workshop Journal
63 (1): 18â47, p. 29.
24
Some farm-to-institution programs (such as farm-to-school
http://www.farmtoschool.org/
) also operate on the same model and can be subjected to the same kind of criticism we raise for CSA initiatives.
28
Gary Blumenthal. 2011. “Creating False Markets.”
World Perspectives, Inc.
(February), p. 1.
29
One estimate of the number of different physical products marked by a barcode in the greater New York City area is 10 billion. True, many of these are supplied by small businesses that cater to narrower niches, but the diversity and affordability of products offered by large supermarket chains and “Big Box” retail stores has become truly astounding, even by recent historical standards.
30
For a more detailed examination of this claim that isn't limited to food offerings, see Tyler Cowen. 2002.
Creative Destruction: How Globalization Is Changing the World's Cultures
. Princeton University Press.
31
For a more detailed discussion of the issue, see Susan Fleiss Lowenstein. 1965. “Urban Images of Roman Authors.”
Comparative Studies in Society and History
8 (1): 110â123.
34
For a more detailed treatment of the romantic and aristocratic roots of environmentalism in the English-speaking world, see Donald Gibson. 2002.
Environmentalism: Ideology and Power
. Nova Publishers.
38
Karl Kautsky. 1899 (1988).
The Agrarian Question in Two Volumes
. Zwan Publications, p. 218. Kautsky further observed that the individuals most likely to leave the countryside were “propertyless labourers, and of these the unmarried” and that it was “not simply the physically strongest, but also the most energetic and intelligent” that migrated (p. 224).
39
Mario Polèse. 2009.
The Wealth and Poverty of Regions. Why Cities Matter.
University of Chicago Press, p. 139. See also Edward Glaeser. 2011.
Triumph of the City. How our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier.
Penguin Press, p. 7.
40
Mario Polèse. 2009.
The Wealth and Poverty of Regions. Why City Matters.
University of Chicago Press, p. 140.
41
Edward Glaeser. 2011.
Triumph of the City. How our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier.
Penguin Press, p. 70.
43
Gary Blumenthal. 2008. “Hand Building Automobiles (Food).”
World Perspectives, Inc.
(May), p. 2.
Chapter 3
10
See Peter Garnsey. 1988.
Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis
. Cambridge University Press, pp. 54â55.