The New Middle East (75 page)

 
58
   US Department of State, ‘Solo Press Availability in Baghdad, Iraq, John Kerry’, 24 March 2013.

 
59
   Adam Schreck and Qassim Abdul-Zahra, ‘AP Interview: Iraq PM Warns Syria War Could Spread’, Associated Press, 27 February 2013.

 
60
   
Learning from Iraq
, pp. 3–9.

 
61
   U.S. Special Inspector General For Iraq Reconstruction Stuart W. Bowen, Jr.,
Hard Lessons: The Iraq Reconstruction Experience
, February 2009, p. 42.

 
62
   Central Intelligence Agency,
The World FactBook,
12 February 2013.

 
63
   International Monetary Fund, ‘Program Note: Iraq’, 5 October 2012.

 
64
   
Learning from Iraq
, p. 119.

 
65
   Katzman,
Iraq
,
p. 15.

 
66
   Ibid., p. 31.

 
67
   Eli Sugarman and Omar al-Nidawi, ‘Back in Black: The Return of Muqtada al-Sadr’,
Foreign Affairs
, 11 February 2013.

7: Libya: Year Zero

 
  
1
   Robert Birsel, ‘Rebels take Ras Lanuf oil port, see no damage’, Reuters, 23 August 2011.

 
  
2
   Dirk Vandewalle,
A History of Modern Libya,
Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 21.

 
  
3
   Encyclopedia Britannica
,
‘Libya: History’,
Encyclopedia Britannica online.

 
  
4
   Lawrence Martin,
The Treaties of Peace 1919–1923
, vol. 1,
The Lawbook Exchange Limited, New Jersey, 2007, p. 17.

 
  
5
   US Department of State,
International boundary Study No. 3 (revised),
1978 Chad–Libya Boundary
,
15 December 1978.

 
  
6
   Benjamin Higgins and Roger Le Tourneau,
Report on the Mission to Libya
,
UNESCO, Paris,
1952, p. 7.

 
  
7
   Ibid., p. 11.

 
  
8
   Vandewalle,
Modern Libya
, p. 4.

 
  
9
   Daniel Yergin,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power
, Free Press, 2008, p. 511.

 
10
   Henry Porter, ‘The west can’t just dictate democracy to the Arab world’,
Observer,
13 March 2011.

 
11
   Yergin,
The Prize
,
p. 510.

 
12
   Ibid.,
p. 560.

 
13
   Ibid.,
p. 561.

 
14
   Ibid.. p. 560.

 
15
   Walter J. Levy, ‘Oil Power’, Foreign Affairs, July 1971.

 
16
   Yergin,
The Prize
,
p. 562.

 
17
   Muammar Al Gathafi,
The Green Book,
The World Center for the Study and Research of the Green Book, Tripoli, 2009, p. 22.

 
18
   Ibid.,
p. 74.

 
19
   Ibid.,
p. 31.

 
20
   Ibid.,
p. 44.

 
21
   Ibid.,
p. 47.

 
22
   Human Rights Watch, ‘Libya: Abu Salim Prison Massacre Remembered’,
27 June 2012.

 
23
   US Department of State Bulletin, vol. 83, no. 2079, October 1983, p. 72.

 
24
   
New York Times
, ‘A Selection From the Cache of Diplomatic Dispatches, US Embassy, Tripoli’, 29 August 2008.

 
25
   Dominic Casciani, ‘UK pays 2.2 m to settle Libyan rendition claim’
,
BBC News, 13 December 2012.

 
26
   Abdelaziz Barrouhi, ‘Libya’s Gaddafi turns attention to Black Africa’, Reuters, 16 September 1998.

 
27
   ‘Remembering Nelson Mandela – and Muammar Gaddafi’,
Pravda
, 18 July 2011.

 
28
   Stephen Ellis,
The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War
, Hurst and Company, London, 1999, p. 72.

 
29
   Eban Kaplan, ‘How Libya Got Off the List’, Council for Foreign Relations, 16 October 2007.

 
30
   Libyan UN envoy Ahmed Own, ‘Libya letter: Full text’, BBC News, 16 August 2003.

 
31
   Felicity Barringer, ‘Libya Admits Culpability in Crash of Pan Am Plane’,
New York Times
, 16 August 2003.

 
32
   ‘Lockerbie bomber Abdelbaset al-Megrahi dies in Tripoli’
,
BBC News, 20 May 2012.

 
33
   Donald M. Rothberg, ‘Pan Am Victim’s Relatives Offended at Administration Defense of Syria’, Associated Press, 20 November 1991.

 
34
   Rice,
No Higher Honor
, p. 701.

 
35
   London School of Economics and Political Science, ‘LSE response to the Woolf Inquiry’, 30 November 2011. The LSE says a separate panel by the University of London ‘concluded that the PhD should not be revoked [but] that it should be annotated to show where attribution or references should have been made’.

 
36
   
New York Times
, ‘A Selection From the Cache of Diplomatic Dispatches, US Embassy, Tripoli’, 9 March 2009.

 
37
   A Majority Staff Report Prepared for the Use of the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate One Hundred Twelfth Congress Second Session,
The Gulf Security Architecture: Partnership with the Gulf Co-operation Council,
19 June 2012, p. 16.

 
38
   Vivienne Walt, ‘Meet Mahmoud Jibril: The Man Who May Be Libya’s First Elected Leader’,
Time
magazine, 11 July 2012.

 
39
   Emma Alberchi, ‘Sergei Lavrov Interview’,
ABC Australia,
31 January 2012.

 
40
   Human Rights Watch,
Death of a Dictator: Bloody Vengeance in Sirte
, HRW, 2012, USA, p. 21.

 
41
   Ibid., p. 22.

 
42
   Ibid., p. 26.

 
43
   Ibid., p. 27.

 
44
   Roger Le Tourneau,
Report on the Mission to Libya: Libyan Education and development
,
UNESCO, Paris,
1952, p. 19.

 
45
   Heba Saleh, ‘Militias Drain Libya’s Coffers’,
Financial Times
, 10 April 2013.

 
46
   Steven Sotloff, ‘Why the Libyans Have Fallen Out of Love with Qatar’,
Time
magazine, 2 January 2012.

 
47
   Brigitte Scheffer, ‘Libyan Oil Revenues Exceed $44 Billion in Year through October’,
Bloomberg, 21 November 2012.

8: Syria: The Arab World’s Broken Heart

 
  
1
   Joan Juliet Buck, ‘A Rose in the Desert’,
Vogue
magazine, March 2011, p. 529.