The Queen's Bed: An Intimate History of Elizabeth's Court (60 page)

17
John Harington
, A Tract on the Succession to the Crown
, pp. 40–1.

18
Thomas Wright (ed.),
Queen
Elizabeth I and her Times: A Series of Original Letters,
2 vols (London, 1838), I, pp. 30–2.

19
AGS E814 fol. 24 calendared in
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 174–6, printed in Lettenhove,
Relations Politiques,
II, pp. 529–33.

20
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 175.

21
CSP Foreign
, 1560–1, p. 385.

22
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 175.

23
AGS E814 fol. 24 printed in Lettenhove,
Relations Politiques,
II, pp. 529–33, and partly calendared in
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 174–6.

24
For a recent discussion of this see Chris Skidmore,
Death and the Virgin. Elizabeth, Dudley and the Mysterious Fate of Amy Robsart
(London, 2010).

25
See
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p
.
176.

26
TNA SP 70/22 fol. 43; TNA SP 70/19 fol. 39r.

27
BL Add. MS 48023 printed in ‘A Journal of Matters of State Happened from Time to Tme as Well Within and Without the Realme from and Before the Death of King Edw. the 6th Untill the Yere 1562’ printed in Ian W. Archer, Simon Adams, G. W. Bernard, Paul E. J. Hammer, Mark Greengrass and Fiona Kisby (eds),
Religion, Politics and Society in Sixteenth Century England
(Cambridge, 2003), pp. 35–112.

28
BL Add. MS 48023, fol. 353v; ‘A Journal of Matters of State’.

29
TNA SP 63/2 fol. 82r.

30
See William Vaughan,
Naturall and Artificial Directions for Health
(London 1626), p. 64.

31
See T. Laquer, ‘Orgasm, Generation and the Politics of Reproductive Biology’,
Representations
, 14 (1986), pp. 1–41. See P. Crawford, ‘Sexual Knowledge in England, 1500–1750’ in Roy Porter and M. Teich (eds),
Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Science: The History of Attitudes to Sexuality
(Cambridge, 1994), p. 91. On general medical beliefs about the female body in the early modern period, see Ian Maclean,
The Renaissance Notion of Woman
(Cambridge, 1980). See also Peter Stallybrass, ‘Patriarchal Territories: The Body Enclosed’, in Margaret Ferguson, Maureen Quilligan and Nancy Vickers, eds,
Rewriting the Renaissance: The Discourses of Sexual Difference in Early Modern Europe
(Chicago, 1986), pp. 123–42.

32
See Cogan,
The Haven of Health
, pp. 247–8.

33
F. Chamberlin,
Elizabeth and Leycester
(New York, 1939), p. 93.

34
Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke (ed.),
Miscellaneous State Papers
, from 1501 to 1726, 2 vols (London, 1778), vol. I, pp. 121–3.

35
See David Gaimster, ‘London’s Tudor Palaces Revisited’,
London Archaeologist
, 8, no. 5 (1997), pp. 122–6.

36
BL Add. MS 35830, fol. 66 in P. Forbes,
Public Transactions
, pp. 482–8.

37
Hardwicke (ed.),
Miscellaneous State Papers
, vol. I, p. 167; BL Add. MS 35830, fol. 66.

38
TNA SP 70/21 fol. 137v;
CSP Foreign
, 1560–1, p. 475.

39
BL Cotton MS Nero B III, fol. 155r;
CSP Foreign
, 1560–1, p. 450.

40
CSP Foreign
, 1560–1, pp. 509–10.

41
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, pp. 244, 303–4, 309, 311, 329, 344, 356, 361.

Chapter 8: Carnal Copulation

  
1
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 313.

  
2
CP 154/85 printed in Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, I, p. 420.

  
3
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 178–80, and
Colección de Documentos
, vol. 87, pp. 312–16.

  
4
See Kenneth Bartlett, ‘Papal Policy and the English Crown 1563–1565: The Bertano Correspondence’,
The Sixteenth Century Journal
23 (1992), pp. 643–59.

  
5
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 178–9.

  
6
Ibid., p. 194.

  
7
An anonymous mid-Tudor chronicle;
BL Add. MS 48023, fol. 353.

  
8
TNA SP 12/16 fols. 49–50, 59–68.

  
9
Lettenhove,
Relations Politiques
, II, p. 557. Norman L. Jones, ‘Defining Superstitions: Treasonous Catholics and the Act against Witchcraft of 1563’, in Charles Carlton et al., eds,
State, Sovereigns and Society in Early Modern England: Essays in Honour of A. J. Slavin
(New York, 1998), pp. 187–203.

10
CSP Dom
Addenda
, 1547–65, pp. 509–10.

11
TNA SP 70/26 fols 61–3.

12
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, pp. 93–5, 103–5.

13
AGS E 815 fol. 86 trans. in
CSP Span,
1558–67, pp. 208–9.

14
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, pp. 418–19.

15
CSP Foreign
, 1560–1, p. 10.

16
W. L. Rutton, ‘Lady Katherine Grey and Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford’,
English Historical Review
, vol. 13 (April 1898), pp. 302–7. See also Leanda de Lisle,
The Sisters who would be Queen: The Tragedy of Mary, Katherine and Lady Jane Grey
(London, 2008).

17
BL Add. MS 37749, fols 50–9; BL Add. MS 14291, fol. 157.

18
BL Harleian MS 6286, pp. 35, 53, 70, 77, 81, 89; BL Add. MS 37749, fols 40, 57, 73, 76.

19
BL Add. MS 37749, fol. 59.

20
BL Harleian MS 6286, fol. 37.

21
Lettenhove
, Relations Politiques
, vol. II, p. 608; Wright (ed.),
Queen
Elizabeth and her Times
, I, pp. 68–9.

22
Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, I, pp. 369–70.

23
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 214.

24
François had been succeeded by his brother Charles and his mother Catherine de Medici, the dominating personality in government, now had no interest in the promotion of her widowed daughter-in-law’s claims. S. Adams, ‘The Lauderdale Papers 1561–70: the Maitland of Lethington State Papers and the Leicester Correspondence’,
Scottish Historical Review
67 (1988), pp. 28–55.

25
CSP Scot
, 1547–63, p. 559.

26
Ibid
.
, p. 566.

27
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 214.

28
See S. Adams, ‘The Lauderdale Papers 1561–1570’, pp. 28–55.

29
J. H. Pollen, (ed.) ‘Lethington’s Account of Negotiations with Elizabeth in September and October 1565’,
Scottish History Society,
vol. 43 (1904), pp. 38–45.

30
Pollen (ed.), ‘Lethington’s Account of Negotiations with Elizabeth’, p. 39.

31
CSP Scot
, 1547–63, p. 559.

32
Diary of Henry Machyn
, pp. 267–8.

33
Elizabeth drafted letters patent calling for an investigation into the marriage, see TNA SP 12/21/76–7.

34
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, p. 330.

35
Ibid., pp. 360–1.

36
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 220.

37
Ibid.

Chapter 9:
Arcana Imperii

  
1
Greg Walker,
The Politics of Performance in Early Renaissance Drama
(New York, 1998), p. 203.

  
2
See Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville,
Gorboduc
or
The Tragedy of Ferrex and Porrex
(Menston, 1968); Nichols (ed.),
The Diary of Henry Machyn
, p. 275; see N. Jones and P. W. White, ‘Gorboduc and Royal Marriages’, in
English Literary Renaissance
, vol. 26 (1971), pp. 3–16. See Henry James and Greg Walker, ‘The Politics of Gorboduc’,
The English Historical Review
110 (February, 1995), pp. 109–21.

  
3
Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, p. 368.

  
4
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, pp. 122, 129.

  
5
Anglia Legaten N. Gyldenstenstiernas Bref. Till Kongl. Maj.
1561–2, p. 18, cited in Chamberlin,
Private Character of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 264.

  
6
BL Add. MS 48018, fol. 284v; BL Add. MS 35830, fol. 14v; Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, pp. 3, 70–2;
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, pp. 159, 293, 300, 327, and
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 211–215.

  
7
TNA SP 70/32 fol. 62; TNA SP 70/33 fol. 7v; BL Add. MS 48023, fols 357v–8. BL Add. MS 48018, fol. 284v; BL Add. MS 35830, fol. 14v;
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, pp. 158–91, 292–3; and
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 211–12, 212–15.

  
8
BL Add. MS 48023, fol. 258.

  
9
Ibid., fol. 359v.

10
A. Teulet,
Relations Politiques de la France et de l’Espagne avec l’Ecosse au XVIie Siècle,
3 vols (Paris, 1862), ii, pp. 175–6; AGS 815, fol. 132, partially trans. in
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 233.

11
TNA SP 70/27 fol. 66;
CSP Foreign
, 1561–2, p. 424.

12
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 225.

13
AGS E 815, fols 160, 222, translated in
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 241.

14
CSP Foreign
, 1562, pp. 68, 83 and
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 244.

15
CSP Foreign
, 1562, pp. 68–9.

16
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 244.

17
AGS E 815, fols 183, 218, 224, trans. in
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 234, 241–2, 244–5, 247–9.

18
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 111–15.

19
CSP Rome
, 1558–71, p. 105.

20
TNA SP 70/39 fol. 119;
CSP Foreign
, 1562, p. 173;
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 217–24.

21
TNA SP 70/39 fols 118r–119, 175–6; BL Add MS 48023, fol. 366r;
CSP Foreign
, 1562, pp. 216–17.

22
CSP Foreign
, 1562, pp. 214–17.

23
APC
, 1558–70, p. 123; Lettenhove,
Relations Politiques
, III, p. 108. The men involved were interrogated, TNA SP 70/40 fols 62–88, fol. 124.

24
CSP Rome
, 1558–71, p. 105.

Chapter 10: Smallpox

  
1
See Simon Thurley,
Hampton Court, A Social and Architectural History
(London, 2003).

  
2
‘Diary of the Journey of the Duke of Stettin-Pomerania’, pp. 1–67;
Paul Hentzner’s Travels in England
, pp. 56–7.

  
3
The Diary of Baron Waldstein
, p. 152.

  
4
CSP Scot
, 1547–63, pp. 659–60.

  
5
F. E. Halliday, ‘Queen Elizabeth I and Doctor Burcot’,
History Today
, 5 (1955), pp. 542–5.

  
6
The regiment of life: wherunto is added a treatise of the pestilence, with the boke of children / newly corrected and enlarged by T. Phayre
, ed. and trans. by Jehan Goeurot (London, 1550).

  
7
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 262.

  
8
Ibid
.

  
9
Ibid
.,
p. 263.

10
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 263.

11
Ibid
.,
p. 262.

12
The physician John of Gaddesden, author of the earliest English treatise on medicine, the
Rosa Anglica,
had described this treatment in the early fourteenth century. This was to ‘let a red cloth be taken, and the patient be wrapped in it completely, as I did with the son of the most noble King of England [Edward II] when he suffered those diseases. I made everything about his bed red, and it is a good cure, and I cured him in the end without marks of smallpox.’ John of Gaddesden,
Rosa Anglica
, ed. and trans. Winifred Wulff (London, 1929).

13
Chamberlin,
The Private Character of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 52.

14
TNA SP 12/159 fol. 1, printed in ‘Sir Henry Sidney’s “Memoir” to Sir Francis Walsingham, 1 March 1583’,
Ulster Journal of Archaeology
, 3 (1855), pp. 33–52.

15
See M. Brennan,
The Sidneys of Penshurst and the Monarchy, 1500–1700
(Aldershot, 2006).

16
Quoted in Simon Adams, ‘Queen Elizabeth’s eyes at Court: the Earl of Leicester’, in
Leicester and the Court: Essays on Elizabethan Politics
(Manchester, 2002), p. 137.

17
See Halliday, ‘Queen Elizabeth I and Doctor Burcot’, p. 545.

18
BL Harleian MS 787, fol. 16.

19
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, pp. 139–41.

20
See Edward Hawkins, Augustus W. Franks and Herbert A. Grueber,
Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the death of George II
, 2 vols (London, 1885), vol. I, p. 116, no. 48. Hawkins dates the medal to 1572. Starkey and Doran in the catalogue date it as 1562, after Elizabeth’s first and most significant bout of smallpox, which seems most likely. See Susan Doran (ed.),
Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum
(London, 2003), p. 85; W. K. Clay (ed.),
Liturgies and Occasional Forms of Prayer set forth in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth
(Cambridge, 1847), pp. 516–18.