The Queen's Bed: An Intimate History of Elizabeth's Court (61 page)

21
CSP Span
, 1558–67
,
pp. 262–3; F. Chamberlin,
The Sayings of Elizabeth
(New York, 1923), pp. 52, 54.

22
TNA C 47/3/38.

23
P. Croft and K. Hearn, ‘Only Matrimony maketh children to be certain … Two Elizabethan pregnancy portraits’,
British Art Journal
3 (2002), pp. 18–24.

24
TNA C 47/3/38.

25
See E. K. Chambers,
The Elizabethan Stage
, 4 vols (Oxford, 1923), vol. I, p. 19.

26
Janet Arnold,
Lost from Her Majesties Back
, Costume Society Extra Series 7 (Wisbech, 1980), p. 36; John Stowe,
Three fifteenth-century chronicles: with historical memoranda by John Stowe, the antiquary, and contemporary notes of occurrences written by him in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
ed. James Gairdner, Camden Society, third series, (London, 1880), pp. 123–5.

27
Stowe,
Three fifteenth-century chronicles
, p. 127.

28
BL Add. MS 48023, fol. 369.

29
Stowe,
Three fifteenth-century chronicles
, pp. 123–5.

Chapter 11: Devouring Lions

  
1
Pole had been in the Fleet in April 1561 for being connected to Sir Edward Waldegrave and Sir Thomas Wharton and Hastings. He had not remained in the Fleet for very long and soon began plotting again.

  
2
Arthur Pole had a claim to the throne as a direct descendant of Edward IV’s brother the Duke of Guise. Fortescue was a distant relative of the Queen through her mother’s side. Whilst initially the men had plotted to promote Arthur’s claim to the throne, their plan changed to support Mary Stuart
.
TNA KB 8/40;
CSP Span
, 1558–62, p. 262.

  
3
‘Special oyer and terminal roll and file Principal Defendants and Charges: Arthur Pole and others, high treason, conspiring to depose the Queen and to proclaim Mary Queen of Scots,’ TNA KB 8/40, BL Hardwicke papers 35831, fol. 87.

  
4
F. Chamberlin,
The Private Character of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 51; Kristen Post Walton, ‘The Plot of the Devouring Lions: The “Divelish Conspiracy” of Arthur Pole and the Parliament of 1563’ (unpublished essay); TNA KB 8/40;
CSP Span
, 1558–62, pp. 292–3.

  
5
CSP Foreign
, 1563, p. 32.

  
6
F. Chamberlin,
The Private Character of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 51; TNA KB 8/40;
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 259–60.

  
7
TNA KB 8/40.

  
8
J. H. M. Salmon,
Society in Crisis: France in the Sixteenth Century
(New York, 1975); Nicola M. Sutherland,
The Massacre of St Bartholomew and the European Conflict, 1559–1572
(London, 1973); Nicola M. Sutherland,
The Huguenot Struggle for Recognition
(New Haven, Conn., 1980).

  
9
W. T. MacCaffrey, ‘The Newhaven expedition, 1562–1563’,
Historical Journal
, 40 (1997), pp. 1–2.

10
Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times
, vol. I, p. 127.

11
AGS E 816, fol. 43, trans. in
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 269.

12
BL Cotton MS Titus F I, fol. 59.

13
Ibid., fols 59–60v, 65–75v.

14
Ibid., fols 61–4, printed in G. E. Corrie (ed.),
A Catechism by Alexander Nowell
, Parker Society (Cambridge, 1853), pp. 223–9.

15
BL Harleian MS 5176, fols 89–92; Hartley (ed.),
Proceedings in the Parliaments
, vol. I, p. 84. See J. E. Neale, ‘Parliament and the Succession Question in 1562/3 and 1566’,
English Historical Review
, Jan–Oct (1921), pp. 497–519, and Mortimer Levine, ‘A “Letter” on the Elizabethan Succession Question, 1566’,
The Huntington Library Quarterly
, 19 (1995), pp. 13–38.

16
Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times
, I, p. 121.

17
TNA SP 12/28 fols 68r–69v.
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 316–17.

18
Nugae Antiquae
, III, pp. 186–7.

19
TNA SP 12/27/35; Hartley (ed.),
Proceedings in the Parliaments
, I, pp. 90–3.

20
TNA SP 12/27/36; Hartley (ed.),
Proceedings in the Parliaments
, I, pp. 94–5.

21
TNA SP 12/27/85 for clerk’s copy with marginal notes by Cecil. See also BL Add. MS 32379.

22
BL Add. MS 32379, fols 17–20.

23
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 295–8.

24
5 Eliz I c.1
Statutes
IV, pp. 402–5.

25
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 322; John Bruce and T. T. Perowne, eds,
Correspondence of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury 1535
–
1575
, Parker Society (Cambridge, 1853), pp. 173–5.

26
See Kristen Post Walton,
Catholic Queen, Protestant Patriarchy. Mary Queen of Scots and the Politics of Gender and Religion
(Basingstoke, 2007), p. 51; ‘Sir William Cecil to Sir Thomas Smith, 27 February 1563’, in Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times,
vol. 1, p. 127; TNA KB8/40; Kristen Post Walton, ‘The Plot of the Devouring Lions’.

27
5 Eliz I c.16 in
Statutes
IV, pp. 446–7.

28
5 Eliz I c.15 in
Statutes
IV, pp. 445–6.

29
Nichols (ed.),
Diary of Henry Machyn
, p. 300.

30
J. H. Baker (ed.),
Reports from the Lost Notebooks of Sir James Dyer
, 2 vols (London, 1994), vol. I, pp. 81–2; BLO Tanner MS 84, fols 191, 196v.

31
CSP Rome
, 1558–71, p. 51; BL Add. MS 35830, fol. 185; Levine,
The Early Elizabethan Succession Question,
p. 14; TNA SP 12/21 fols 76–7.

32
CSP Scot
, 1547–63, p. 684.

33
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 314.

34
CSP Foreign
, 1563, p. 154.
CSP Scot
, 1547–63, pp. 684–6.

35
BL Harleian MS 5176 fol. 97; Neale,
Elizabeth I and her Parliaments
, I, pp. 126–7.

36
CSP Foreign
, 1563, pp. 439, 443, 453, 473; BL Add. MS 35831, fols 145v–146; TNA SP 70/59/846 fol. 48v.

37
Stowe,
Three fifteenth-century chronicles
, p. 122; Nichols (ed.),
The Diary of Henry Machyn
, p. 310.

38
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 346.

39
Stowe,
Three fifteenth-century chronicles
, p. 127.

Chapter 12: Ménage à Trois

  
1
CSP Scot
, 1547–1563, p. 666.

  
2
BL Lansdowne MS 102, fol. 18r; TNA SP 52/8 nos. 3, 6, 7, 9, 10.

  
3
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 338.

  
4
BL Cotton MS Julius F VI, fol. 125 and
CSP Foreign
, 1563, p. 510.

  
5
CSP Scot
, 1563–9, pp. 27, 31–3.

  
6
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 313.

  
7
CSP Scot
, 1563–9, pp. 56–7; pp. 19–20.

  
8
Ibid., pp. 43–4, 56–7.

  
9
Ibid., p. 44.

10
BL Cotton Ms Julius F VI, fol. 126.

11
See Kimberly Schutte,
A Biography of Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox
(New York, 2002); Caroline Bingham,
Darnley: a life of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Consort of Mary Queen of Scots
(London, 1995).

12
CSP Foreign
, 1562, pp. 14, 23.

13
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p.176;
CSP Foreign
, 1562, pp. 12–15; see Simon Adams, ‘The Release of Lord Darnley and the Failure of the Amity’, in
Mary Stewart: Queen in Three Kingdoms
, ed. Michael Lynch (Oxford, 1988), pp. 123–53.

14
CSP Foreign
, 1563, pp. 463–4.

15
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 339.

16
G. Donaldson (ed.),
The Memoirs of Sir James Melville of Halhill
(London, 1969), p. 36.

Chapter 13: Visitor to the Bedchamber

  
1
Quoted in Roy C. Strong,
Holbein and Henry VIII
(London, 1967), p. 35.

  
2
Memoirs of Melville
, p. 36.

  
3
‘Diary of the Journey of the Duke of Stettin-Pomerania’, p. 25; Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 320.

  
4
Memoirs of Melville
, p. 37.

  
5
Ibid.

  
6
See Garrett,
The Marian Exiles: A study in the origins of Elizabethan Puritanism
(Cambridge, 1938), pp. 295–6.

  
7
André Hurault, Sieur de Maisse,
A Journal of All that was Accomplished by Monsieur de Maisse, Ambassador in England from King Henri IV to Queen Elizabeth Anno Domini 1597
, trans. and ed. G. B. Harrison and R. A. Jones (London, 1931), p. 95; Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, pp. 228, 96.

  
8
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 382.

  
9
Memoirs of Melville
, p. 36.

10
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 313;
Memoirs of Melville
, p. 35.

11
BL Lansdowne MS 102, fols 107r–109r.

12
CSP Scot
, 1563–9, p. 81.

13
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 424.

14
Memoirs of Melville
, p. 40.

15
Ibid., p. 42.

16
TNA SP 52/9 no. 48.

Chapter 14: Sour and Noisome

  
1
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 401; Ian Dunlop,
Palaces & Progresses of Elizabeth I
(London, 1962).

  
2
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 398.

  
3
BL Lansdowne MS 102, fol. 105r; Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times
, I, p. 181.

  
4
CSP Scot
, 1563–9, p. 110.

  
5
Ibid., p. 111.

  
6
BL Lansdowne MS 102, fols 107r–109r.

  
7
See Brennan,
The Sidneys of Penshurst and the Monarchy
, p. 43.

  
8
See Leslie Gerard Matthews,
The Royal Apothecaries
(London, 1967), p. 71.

  
9
TNA LC 5/33 fols 15, 50, 51, 71, 91 and 118.

10
Ibid., fols 71, 91.

11
Ibid., fols 15, 71, 108.

12
Ibid., fol. 50.

13
Ibid., fol. 51.

14
BL Egerton MS 2806, fol. 74 v.

15
John Harington,
Epigrams
, I, p. 44.

16
TNA E351/451 fol.38; TNA LC 5/33 fol. 128.

17
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 401.

18
Stowe,
Three fifteenth-century chronicles
, pp. 131–2.

19
Memoirs of Melville
, p. 42.

20
Ibid., p. 45.

21
CSP Foreign
, 1564–5, p. 331.

22
NLS Advocates MS 1.2.2.

23
BL Add. MS 19401 fol. 101.

24
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 432.

25
TNA SP 56/1 fols 95r–101r.

26
TNA SP 52/10 fol. 128r.

Chapter 15: Untouched and Unimpaired

  
1
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 404; see Susan Doran, ‘Juno versus Diana: The Treatment of Elizabeth I’s marriage in plays and entertainments’,
The Historical Journal
, 28 (1995), pp. 257–74.

  
2
CSP Span
, 1558–67, pp. 409–10.

  
3
Ibid., p. 514.

  
4
Lettenhove,
Relations Politiques
, ii, p. 55.

  
5
Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, p. 430; AGS E 653 fol. 23; Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, pp. 203–4.

  
6
Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, pp. 206–7.

  
7
‘Report of the French envoy in England to Catherine de Medici’, December 1564, HMC
Third Report
, pp. 262–3; Catherine also proposed that Mary marry Charles’s brother and heir, Henry, Duke of Anjou.

  
8
TNA SP 70/77/915 fols 128v–129.

  
9
TNA SP 31/3/26 fol. 32.

10
Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 233.

11
CSP Foreign
, 1564–5, p. 321; TNA 31/3/26 fol. 1; Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, p. 224.

12
Bertrand de Salignac, Seigneur de La Mothe Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
, ed. A. Teulet, 7 vols (Paris, 1838–40), vol. II, pp. 117–19.

13
‘Summary of the advice given by the Privy Council’, 4 June 1565, TNA SP 52/10 fols 148–51.

14
Von Klarwill,
Queen Elizabeth
, pp. 208–9.

15
Ibid., pp. 208–10, 225.

16
Ibid.

17
Ibid., p. 217.

18
Ibid., p. 229.

19
CSP Scot
, 1563–9, p. 140; TNA SP 52/10 fol. 68r.

20
Fénélon,
Correspondance Diplomatique
II, p. 120.

21
CSP Span
, 1558–67, p. 518.