Tarquin laughed still more scornfully, and refused to buy the six as he had already refused to buy the nine books.
Quietly as before the woman burned three more books before the eyes of the king. Then turning to him she offered the three books that were left for the same sum.
Then the king laughed no more. He began to wonder if perhaps the gods had sent the books to Rome. So he consulted the augurs, and by their advice he now bought the three books for the sum which would have bought the nine.
The strange woman, having done her work, disappeared and was seen no more, while the books were put in a chest and kept in the Capitol, which was now complete.
Two Greeks were appointed to guard the Sibylline books, for they were written in the Greek language. And ever when death, pestilence, or war threatened the city, the books were consulted by the augurs, if perchance Rome might be saved from destruction.
Many years after the reign of Tarquin the Capitol was burned, and the sacred books were destroyed in the fire.
To the Romans the loss of the books was a greater blow than even the destruction of the Capitol.
The Senate sent ambassadors to Greece and to Asia Minor to beseech the sibyls there to find fresh oracles, that calamity might still be averted from Rome.
And the ambassadors were successful, for when they returned they brought with them new scrolls, which, when a new Capitol was built, were placed within its sacred precincts.
During the reign of Augustus, the oracles were removed to the temple of Apollo, which stood on Mount Palatine.
But long after the time of Augustus, in
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400, they were burned in public by a famous Roman, for he was a Christian, and cared little for the ancient oracles, believing them to be but a useless relic of the old pagan days.
CHAPTER XX
The Industry of Lucretia
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the years passed, Tarquin was disturbed by terrible dreams. The evil deeds he had done came back to his memory, and haunted him by day and by night. Even in the temples of the gods he could find no rest from his fears.
One day, as sacrifices were being offered, the king saw a serpent stealing down a wooden pillar. Fascinated, he watched as it dropped slowly on to the altar and devoured the sacrifice. His fear told him that this was a bad omen, and, thoroughly alarmed, Tarquin determined to consult the Greek oracle at Delphi, for this oracle was famous not only in Greece, but throughout the world.
So he sent his two sons, Titus and Aruns, to Delphi. With them went the king's nephew, named Junius, but called Brutus because he was believed to be stupid. But Brutus only pretended to be stupid so that his uncle would not trouble to do him harm.
When the princes reached the dwelling of the priestess, the king's sons offered her valuable gifts, while Brutus gave to her only a simple staff. His cousins mocked at Brutus as they were used to do, for a priestess would not care for so poor a gift, they were sure. But Brutus was wiser than they deemed, for the staff had been made hollow, and then had been filled with gold.
As the king had bidden, the young princes asked the oracle the meaning of the serpent that had devoured the sacrifice on the altar.
It was indeed an evil omen. "The fall of Tarquin is at hand," was the sinister answer they received.
"Which of us shall reign after him?" demanded the king's sons with unseemly eagerness.
"He who shall first kiss his mother," responded the oracle.
Then the two princes cast lots to determine which of them should greet their mother first on their return.
But Brutus guessed that the words of the oracle had a deeper meaning.
As he left the Delphic temple, he pretended to slip, and falling to the ground, he secretly kissed the Earth, knowing that she was the mother of all men.
When the princes returned the king was at war, besieging Ardea, a town in Latium. It seemed that he had forgotten his fears, nor does the story tell what he thought of the answer of the oracle.
Meanwhile the siege of Ardea dragged on month after month, so bravely did the inhabitants defend their town.
In the Roman camp, Prince Sextus and a noble named Collatinus one day whiled away the hours by wondering what their wives were doing. Each boasted that his wife was the more diligent and the more modest of the two women.
At length one of their friends idly suggested that Sextus and Collatinus should ride to their homes and find out how their wives were employed.
So the two officers, accompanied by their friends, ordered their horses, and rode first of all to Rome.
Here they found the wife of Sextus at a banquet, where she was dancing gaily, the merriest of all the merry throng.
It was late when they reached Collatia, where they found Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus, still busy with her maidens at the spinning-wheel.
The whole company agreed that of the two wives Lucretia deserved the greater praise. Then the frolic being over, the prince and his friends rode back to camp.
CHAPTER XXI
The Death of Lucretia
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idle suggestion that had made Sextus and Collatinus ride from the camp to Rome and Collatia led to terrible disaster.
Sextus, having seen how wise and beautiful Lucretia was, wished to win her from her husband; and one day, leaving the camp, he again rode to Collatia, but this time he rode alone.
Lucretia, believing the prince was her husband's friend, received him with fitting hospitality when he arrived at her house, hot and tired after his ride. But when she found that he was not a true friend to Collatinus she was no longer kind. Then the prince grew angry, and treated Lucretia so cruelly that she knew she could never again be happy.
The next day she clad herself in black, and sent messengers to her father and her husband, bidding them come to Collatia with all possible speed.
When they arrived, she told them how Sextus had treated her, and making them swear to avenge her wrongs, she plunged a dagger into her heart and died.
Brutus, the king's nephew, had ridden from the camp with Collatinus, and he, too, swore to avenge Lucretia, and to see that never more should any of the race of Tarquin sit upon the throne of Rome.
This oath was also taken by the husband and father of Lucretia, as well as by two brave Romans named Publius Valerius and Spurius Lucretius.
The dead body of the Roman matron was carried to the market-place, and when the people were told what had happened, they broke out into loud cries, and mourned for her sad fate.
Brutus then hastened to Rome to tell the terrible tale. In the Forum, amid the assembled people, his voice rang out clear and fearless as he reminded them of the crimes of Tarquin the Proud, and denounced the king and his son Sextus.
"Will you suffer such a tyrant or any of his race to rule longer over you, O Romans?" demanded Brutus sternly. And the people in a storm of indignation shouted "No."
The Romans were in earnest. An army was at once enrolled, and, led by Brutus, set out to attack the king at Ardea.
Tullia, the queen, meanwhile, startled by the tumult in the Forum, fled from the palace. As her chariot drove along the streets the people muttered curses, calling down upon her the vengeance of her murdered father.
Rumours had already reached the camp that Rome was in revolt, and Tarquin at once marched to the city with a division of his army to punish the rebels.
Brutus, on his way to Ardea, took care to avoid the king. He had determined to win over the army that was left before the besieged town.
When he reached the camp, he quickly roused the soldiers by the tale of Lucretia's wrongs.
They swore never again to own Tarquin or any of his race as king, and at once prepared to march to Rome.
Meanwhile, the king had reached the city only to find the gates closed, and the citizens, stern and resolute, manning the walls. No threats, no promises would make them open to the king whom they had determined to dethrone.
Tarquin, knowing that if he lingered he would have to face the army led by Brutus, turned away from the city and hastened to seek refuge in Etruria.
The Romans, having thus expelled their king, appointed a day to be celebrated as the Feast of Flight, or the Feast of the Expulsion of the Kings. This feast was held each year on the 24th February.
CHAPTER XXII
The Sons of Brutus
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Tarquin the Proud had been driven away from Rome, the people determined that they would never again be ruled by kings.
They resolved to follow the wise laws of Servius, who had bidden them choose each year two men to rule, giving them equal power, the right to make laws, and to see that justice was done in the land.
The two men, chosen by the Senate and the people, were called Consuls.
In token of his office, each Consul had at his command six men, named lictors.
When a Consul went into the Forum or into the street, he was preceded by his lictors, who carried, as a sign of their master's power, rods to chastise and an axe to kill.
Rome had now become a Republic, and the first Consuls to be elected were Brutus and Collatinus.
But if the Romans expected Tarquin to make no effort to recover his throne, they soon discovered their mistake.
Before long, the king sent messengers to Rome to ask that his own private possessions might be sent to him, and to this simple request the Senate and the people agreed.
As perhaps the Romans might have suspected, Tarquin had another reason for sending to Rome than the one his messengers carried to the Senate. He knew that among the younger patricians were many who wished to place him again upon the throne, and his messengers had come to talk secretly with these nobles. They even hoped to arrange the best time for the king's return.
But as the conspirators talked together, a slave chanced to overhear what they said, and he at once went to the Consuls and told them of the danger that threatened the city.
The conspirators were immediately seized and thrown into prison, while the slave was set free and made a citizen of Rome.
Among the prisoners were Titus and Tiberius, the sons of Brutus.
The brave Consul was dismayed to learn that his sons, whom he loved well, had been guilty of treason. How could he bear to pronounce judgment upon them as upon other traitors?
Yet soon he thrust aside his weakness. A true Roman must love his country better even than his own children.
So when the conspirators were brought before him he did not flinch. With stern, set face he condemned Titus and Tiberius to death along with the other traitors, nor did he stoop to ask the people to show mercy to his sons.
The young men were bound to the stake before his eyes, after which the lictors beat them with rods and then cut off their heads with the axe.
So angry were the Senate and the people with Tarquin for attempting to plot against the Republic, that they now refused to send to him his possessions. And not only so, but they divided his goods among the people, while the field between the city and the Tiber which Tarquin had sown with corn was destroyed, the corn cut down and thrown into the river. The angry citizens then dedicated the field to the god Mars, and henceforth it was known as the Field of Mars.
The Senate then made a law banishing for ever from Rome all who bore the hated name of Tarquin.
So Collatinus, whose other name was Tarquinius, resigned his Consulship and left the city in obedience to the law. And this he did, although he was the friend of Brutus, and hated the exiled king.
Valerius was then chosen Consul in his stead.
Meanwhile, Tarquin was full of wrath because he had not been able to enter Rome by craft, and he went to Etruria, and persuaded the Etruscans to help him to recover his throne.
But when the Etruscans proclaimed war against Rome, Brutus gathered together an army and led it against the enemy.
Close to a wood the battle raged. Aruns, one of Tarquin's sons, saw Brutus at the head of the Roman army, wearing the royal robes which he considered belonged to his house alone. In sudden fury he put spurs to his horse, and with his spear ready dashed toward his enemy.
Brutus saw Aruns drawing near, and he also spurred his horse forward and couched his spear.
Onward flew the two warriors until at length they met. Then each, pierced by the other's spear, fell from his horse and moved no more.
All day the battle raged, and still when night fell the victory was uncertain.
But, during the night, while both armies were encamped on the battlefield, a loud voice was heard coming from the direction of the wood.
It was Silvanus, the god of the wood, who was speaking. "The victory belongs to the Romans," said the god, "for they have slain one more than their enemy."
Obedient to the voice of Silvanus, the Etruscans on the following morning withdrew their army, while the Romans marched back to Rome.
In spite of their victory they were sad, for they carried with them the dead body of their leader.
Brutus was mourned by all the people. But the Roman matrons lamented more than others, setting aside a whole year in which to grieve for his death, because he had so bravely avenged the matron Lucretia.
CHAPTER XXIII
Horatius Cocles, or the One-Eyed
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the death of Brutus, Valerius ruled alone. But he soon displeased the people, for they thought that he behaved too much as though he were a king.
The Consul had indeed built himself a beautiful house, from the windows of which, had he wished, he could look down into the Forum.
When he walked from his house to the market-place, Valerius, it was true, was preceded by six lictors, bearing rods and axes, but this was a dignity accorded to the Consuls by the people themselves.