51. Hoda,
Gandhi and the Contemporary World.
52.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi,
vol. 83, June 7, 1942–January 26, 1944 (New Delhi: Publications Division of the Government of India, 1999), 113, http://www.gandhiserve.org
/cwmg/VOL083.PDF (accessed November 14, 2013).
53. Mahatma Gandhi,
The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia of Ghandi’s Thoughts,
ed.
R. K. Prabhu and U. R. Rao (Ahmedabad, India: Jitendra T Desai Navajivan Mudranalaya, 1966), 243–44.
54. Adam Smith,
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,
ed. Edwin Cannan (London: Methuen, 1961), 1: 475.
55. “Mahatma Gandhi’s Views,” TinyTech Plants, http://www.tinytechindia.com/gandhi4.htm (accessed June 14, 2013).
56. Prarelal,
Mahatma Gandhi: Poornahuti
, vol. 10:
The Last Phase
, part 2 (Ahmedabad, India: Navajivan Trust, 1956), 522.
Chapter 7
1. “Skype in the Classroom,” Skype, 2013, https://education.skype.com/ (accessed November 6, 2013); Sarah Kessler, “Skype CEO: Our Goal Is to Connect 1 Million Classrooms,” Mashable, September 21, 2011, http://mashable.com/2011/09/21/skype-in-the-classroom-tony-bates/ (accessed November 12, 2013).
2. “Curriki at a Glance,” Curriki homepage, April 2012, http://www.curriki.org/welcome/wp
-content/uploads/2012/06/Curriki-At-a-Glance-04.04.12-update.pdf (accessed April 23, 2013).
3. “Einstein Middle School, 8th Grade,”
Facing the Future,
http://www.facingthefuture.org/Take
Action/StudentsTakingAction/EinsteinMiddleSchool/tabid/165/Default.aspx#.Ubj2AaIkLE1 (accessed April 18, 2013).
4. Jennifer Rebecca Kelly and Troy D. Abel, “Fostering Ecological Citizenship: The Case of Environmental Service-Learning in Costa Rica,”
International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
6(2) (2012), http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent
.cgi?article=1330&context=int_jtl (accessed November 8, 2013).
5. “Study Finds Environmental Education Programs Leads to Cleaner Air,” Air Quality Partnership, April 13, 2009, http://www.airqualityaction.org/news.php?newsid=84 (April 11, 2013).
6. Kelly and Abel, “Fostering Ecological Citizenship.”
7. “Campus Compact Annual Membership Survey Results,” Campus Compact, 2011, http://www
.compact.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/2010-Annual-Survey-Exec-Summary-4-8.pdf
(accessed May 5, 2013).
8. William Morgan, “Standardized Test Scores Improve with Service-Learning,” National Service-Learning Clearinghouse, 2000, http://www.servicelearning.org/library/resource/4752 (accessed May 1, 2013).
9. Andrew Martin and Andrew W. Lehren, “A Generation Hobbled by the Soaring Cost of College,”
New York Times,
May 12, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/business/student
-loans-weighing-down-a-generation-with-heavy-debt.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (accessed May
19, 2013).
10. Carole Cadwalladr, “Do Online Courses Spell the End for the Traditional University?,”
Guardian,
November 10, 2012, http://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/nov/11/online-free
-learning-end-of-university (accessed November 1, 2013).
11. Tamar Lewin, “College of Future Could Be Come One, Come All,”
New York Times
,
November 19, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/education/colleges-turn-to-crowd-sourcing
-courses.html?pagewanted=all (accessed November 1, 2013).
12. Richard Pérez-Peña, “Harvard Asks Graduates to Donate Time to Free Online Humanities Class,”
New York Times,
March 25, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/26/education
/harvard-asks-alumni-to-donate-time-to-free-online-course.html?_r=0 (accessed November 1, 2013).
13. Kathryn Ware, “Coursera Co-founder Reports on First 10 Months of Educational Revolution,”
UVA Today,
February 21, 2013, http://curry.virginia.edu/articles/coursera-co-founder-reports
-on-first-10-months-of-educational-revolution (accessed November 8, 2013); “Courses,” Coursera, 2013, https://www.coursera.org/courses, (accessed November 12, 2013).
14. Cindy Atoji Keene, “A Classroom for the Whole World,”
Boston Globe,
May 19, 2013, http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/specials/globe-100/2013/05/18/edx-president-anant-agarwal
-aims-reach-billion-students-around-world/Kv5DZOiB0ABh84F4oM8luN/story.html (accessed October 30, 2013); Thomas L. Friedman, “Revolution Hits the Universities,”
New York Times
, January 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/opinion/sunday/friedman-revolution
-hits-the-universities.html?_r=0 (accessed October 31, 2013).
15. Cadwalladr, “Do Online Courses Spell the End.”
16. Ibid.
17. Josh Catone, “In the Future, The Cost of Education Will Be Zero,”
Mashable,
July 24, 2013, http://mashable.com/2009/07/24/education-social-media/ (accessed August 6, 2013).
18. Tamar Lewin, “Universities Team with Online Course Provider,”
New York Times,
May 30, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/30/education/universities-team-with-online-course-pro
vider.html (accessed November 1, 2013).
19. “Costs for University of Maryland College Park,” CollegeCalc, http://www.collegecalc.org/col
leges/maryland/university-of-maryland-college-park/ (accessed June 28, 2013).
20. Geoffrey A. Fowler, “An Early Report Card on Massive Open Online Courses,”
Wall Street Journal,
October 8, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303759604579093400834738972 (accessed November 25, 2013).
21. Tamar Lewin, “Universities Reshaping Education on the Web,”
New York Times,
July 17, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/17/education/consortium-of-colleges-takes-online-educa
tion-to-new-level.html?pagewanted=all (accessed October 28, 2013).
22. Kevin Carey, “Into the Future with MOOC’s,”
Chronicle of Higher Education,
September 3, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/Into-the-Future-With-MOOCs/134080/ (accessed October 28, 2013).
Chapter 8
1. Jeremy Rifkin,
The
End of Work
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1995), xv.
2. Jacob Goldstein and Lam Thuy Vo, “22 Million Americans Are Unemployed Or Underemployed,” NPR, April 4, 2013, httpwww.npr.orgblogsmoney2013040417569781323-million
-americans-are-unemployed-or-underemployed (accessed November 12, 2013).
3. Jenny Marlar, “Global Unemployment at 8% in 2011,” Gallup World, April 17, 2012, http://www.gallup.com/poll/153884/global-unemployment-2011.aspx (accessed October 15, 2013).
4. “Global Employment Trends 2013,” International Labor Organization, 2013, 10, http://www
.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups//files/04/82/44/f048244/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/—publ/documents/publication/wcms_20
2326.pdf (accessed July 7, 2013).
5. “Difference Engine: Luddite Legacy,”
Economist,
November 4, 2011, http://www.economist
.com/blogs/babbage/2011/11/artificial-intelligence (accessed July 9, 2013).
6. Ibid.
7. Michaela D. Platzer and Glennon J. Harrison, “The U.S. Automotive Industry: National and State Trends in Manufacturing Employment,” Cornell University ILR School, August 2009, 8,
http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1671&context=key_work
place (accessed July 7, 2013).
8. James Sherk,”Technology Explains Drop in Manufacturing Jobs,” Heritage Foundation, October 12, 2010, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/10/technology-explains-drop-in
-manufacturing-jobs (accessed August 10, 2013).
9. Mark J. Perry, “The US Economy Is Now Producing 2.2% More Output than before the Recession, but with 3.84 Million Fewer Workers,” American Enterprise Institute, November 6,2012, http://www.aei-ideas.org/2012/11/the-us-economy-is-now-producing-2-2-more-output
-than-before-the-recession-but-with-3-84-million-fewer-workers/ (accessed September 3, 2013).
10. Boerje Langefors, “Automated Design,” in Robert Colborn,
Modern Science and Technology
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965), 699.
11.
Management Report on Numerically Controlled Machine Tools
(Chicago: Cox and Cox Consulting, 1958).
12. Alan A. Smith to J. O. McDonough, September 18, 1952, N/C Project Files, MIT Archives.
13. Peter Joseph, Roxanne Meadows, and Jacque Fresco, “The Zeitgeist Movement: Observations and Responses,”
Zeitgeist Movement,
February 2009 http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/socio
politica/zeitgeist08.htm (accessed June 13, 2013).
14. Caroline Baum, “So Who’s Stealing China’s Manufacturing Jobs?,”
Bloomberg,
October 14 2003, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aRI4bAft7Xw4 (accessed July 1, 2013).
15. John Markoff, “Skilled Work, without the Worker,”
New York Times,
August 18, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/business/new-wave-of-adept-robots-is-changing-global-indus
try.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (accessed July 1, 2013).
16. Ibid.
17. “World Robotics 2012 Industrial Robots,” International Federation of Robotics, http://www.ifr
.org/industrial-robots/statistics/ (accessed May 26, 2013).
18. Russell Roberts, “Obama vs. ATMs: Why Technology Doesn’t Destroy Jobs,”
Wall Street Journal,
June 22, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304070104576399704275
939640.html (accessed May 26, 2013).
19. Katie Drummond, “Clothes Will Sew Themselves in Darpa’s Sweat-Free Sweatshops,”
Wired,
June 8, 2012, http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/darpa-sweatshop/ (accessed June 1, 2013).
20. Bernard Condon, “Millions of Middle-Class Jobs Killed by Machines in Great Recession’s Wake,”
Huffington Post,
January 23, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/middle-class
-jobs-machines_n_2532639.html?view=print&comm_ref=false (accessed July 21, 2013).
21. Joseph G. Carson, “US Economic and Investment Perspectives—Manufacturing Payrolls Declining Globally: The Untold Story (Part 2),”
AllianceBernstein
(October 2003).
22. “Postal Service Flexes Its Workforce Flexibility,” USPS Office of Inspector General, June 10, 2013, http://www.uspsoig.gov/blog/postal-service-flexes-its-workforce-flexibility/, (accessed June 13, 2013).
23. “Occupational Employment and Wages News Release,” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 29, 2013, http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.htm (accessed August 3, 2013).
24. Condon, “Millions of Middle-Class Jobs Killed by Machines in Great Recession’s Wake.”
25. Alana Semuels, “Retail Jobs Are Disappearing as Shoppers Adjust to Self-Service,”
Los Angeles Times,
March 4, 2011, http://articles.latimes.com/print/2011/mar/04/business/la-fi-robot
-retail-20110304 (accessed July 13, 2013).
26. Bill Siwicki, “Wal-Mart expands Self-Checkout in Stores via Its iPhone App,”
Internet Retailer,
February 20, 2013, http://www.internetretailer.com/2013/02/20/wal-mart-expands-self-check
out-stores-its-iphone-app (accessed November 3, 2013).
27. Ricardo Sanchez, “Brick and Mortar vs. Online Retailers, A Decade Later . . . ,”
On Techies,
January 31, 2012, http://ontechies.com/2012/01/31/brick-and-mortar-vs-online-retailers-a-decade
-later/ (accessed June 17, 2013).
28. Ibid.
29. Sun Joo Kim, “How Will Brick and Mortar Stores Survive?,”
Smart Planet,
October 19, 2012, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/bulletin/how-will-brick-and-mortar-stores-survive/3122 (accessed June 19, 2013).
30. Barney Jopson, “Shoes Stores Sock It to Online Buyers,”
Financial Times,
May 5, 2013, http://
www.ft.com/cms/s/0/42893492-b385-11e2-b5a5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2W1rGveQo
(accessed November 7, 2013).
31. Campbell Phillips, “‘Fit-lifters’ Give Showrooming Shoe Browsers a Bad Name,”
Power Retail,
May 6, 2013, http://www.powerretail.com.au/multichannel/fit-lifters-give-showrooming-a-bad
-name/ (accessed July 6, 2013).
32. Jason Perlow, “In the Battle of Clicks versus Bricks, Retail Must Transform or Die,”
ZDNet,
December 8, 2011, http://www.zdnet.com/blog/perlow/in-the-battle-of-clicks-versus-bricks-retail
-must-transform-or-die/19418 (accessed August 3, 2013).
33. “Occupational Employment and Wages News Release,” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 29, 2013, http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.htm (accessed June 8, 2013).
34. John Markoff, “Armies of Expensive Lawyers, Replaced by Cheaper Software,”
New York Times,
March 4, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/05/science/05legal.html?pagewanted=all (accessed October 20, 2013).
35. Ibid.
36. Christopher Steiner, “Automatons Get Creative,”
New York Times,
August 17, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10000872396390444375104577591304277229534#printprin (accessed June 30, 2013).
37. Ibid.
38. “IBM Watson: Ushering in a New Era of Computing,” IBM, http://www-03.ibm.com/innova
tion/us/watson/ (accessed October 22, 2013).
39. Brian T. Horowitz, “IBM, Nuance to Tune Watson Supercomputer for Use in Health Care,”
EWeek,
February 17, 2011, http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Health-Care-IT/IBM-Nuance-to-Tune
-Watson-Supercomputer-for-Use-in-Health-Care-493127/ (accessed October 22, 2013).
40. Associated Press, “Watson’s Medical Expertise Offered Commercially,”
Telegram,
February 8 2013, http://www.telegram.com/article/20130208/NEWS/102089640/0 (accessed October 22, 2013).