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bridge/Language-Solution-Provider-Expands-Opportunities-with-Translation-Technology/
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42. Niko Papula, “Are Translators Losing Their Jobs Because of Machine Translation?,” Multilizer Translation Blog, April 13, 2011, http://translation-blog.multilizer.com/are-translators-losing
-their-jobs-because-of-machine-translation/ (accessed September 6, 2013).
Chapter 9
1. Harold Hotelling, “The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates,”
Econometrica
6(3) (July, 1938): 242.
2. Ibid., 258.
3. Ibid., 260–61.
4. Ibid., 242.
5. Ronald H. Coase, “The Marginal Cost Controversy,”
Economica
13(51) (August, 1946): 180.
6. Ibid., 173
7. John F. Duffy, “The Marginal Cost Controversy in Intellectual Property,”
University of Chicago Law Review
71(1) (2004): 38.
8. Robert S. McIntyre, Matthew Gardner, Rebecca J. Wilkins, and Richard Phillips, “Corporate Taxpayers & Corporate Tax Dodgers 2008–10,” Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, November, 2011, http://www.ctj.org/corporatetaxdodgers
/CorporateTaxDodgersReport.pdf (accessed October 7, 2013).
9. “ICT Facts and Figures: The World in 2013,” ICT Data and Statistics Division of the International Telecommunication Union, February 2013, 2, http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics
/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2013.pdf (accessed October 2, 2013).
10. United Nations Environment Programme, “Feed in Tariffs as a Policy Instrument for Promoting Renewable Energies and Green Economies in Developing Countries,” ed. Wilson Rickerson, Chad Laurent, David Jacobs, Christina Dietrich and Christina Hanley, 2012, 4, http://www
.unep.org/pdf/UNEP_FIT_Report_2012F.pdf (accessed October 21, 2013).
11. Ibid.
12. Geert De Clercq, “Renewables Turn Utilities into Dinosaurs of the Energy World,” Reuters, March 8, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/08/us-utilities-threat-idUSBRE92709
E20130308 (accessed August 30, 2013).
13. Dave Toke, “Community Wind Power in Europe and in UK,”
Wind Engineering
29(3) (2005).
14. De Clercq, “Renewables Turn Utilities into Dinosaurs.”
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. “Smart Grid Investment Grant Program: Progress Report,” U.S. Department of Energy, July, 2012, ii, http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/doc/files/sgig-progress-report-final-submit
ted-07-16-12.pdf (accessed February 3, 2014).
18. Litos Strategic Communication, “The Smart Grid: An Introduction,” U.S. Department of Energy, 2008, 5, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/oeprod/DocumentsandMedia/DOE_SG_Book_Single
_Pages.pdf (accessed September 3, 2013).
19. “Technology,” Transphorm, Inc., http://www.transphormusa.com/technology (accessed June 6, 2013).
20. “Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid: A Preliminary Estimate of the Investment Requirements and the Resultant Benefits of a Fully Functioning Smart Grid,” Electric Power Research Institute, March 2011, 4, http://ipu.msu.edu/programs/MIGrid2011/presentations/pdfs
/Reference Material - Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid.pdf (accessed February 3, 2014).
21. Michael Bame, “USS Gerald Ford Aircraft Carrier,” About.com, 2013, http://defense.about
.com/od/Navy/a/Uss-Gerald-Ford-Aircraft-Carrier.htm (accessed June 17, 2013); “Building an Energy Future: Annual Report,” Royal Dutch Shell, December 31, 2012: 10, http://reports.shell
.com/annual-review/2012/servicepages/downloads/files/entire_shell_review_12.pdf (accessed Feb
ruary 3, 2014).
22. Vaclav Smil, “Moore’s Curse and the Great Energy Delusion,”
American,
November 19, 2008, http://www.american.com/archive/2008/november-december-magazine/moore2019s-curse-and
-the-great-energy-delusion (accessed June 6, 2013).
23. Scott DiSavino, “U.S. Smart Grid to Cost Billions, Save Trillions,” Reuters, May 24, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/24/us-utilities-smartgrid-epri-idUSTRE74N7O420110524 (accessed June 7, 2013); “Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid: A Preliminary Estimate.” Electric Power Research Institute, March 2011, 21.
24. “Growing International Co-Operation Driving the Spread of Smart Grids,”
GlobalData
(June, 2012): 1–7.
25. Katie Fehrenbacher, “For the Smart Grid, the Wireless Debates Are Over,”
Gigaom,
January 23, 2012, http://gigaom.com/2012/01/23/for-the-smart-grid-the-wireless-debates-are-over/ (accessed July 5, 2013).
26. Dave Karpinski, “Making the ‘Smart Grid’ Smarter with Broadband Wireless Networks and the Internet,”
Crain’s Cleveland Business,
September 11, 2012, http://www.crainscleveland.com
/article/20120911/BLOGS05/309119999 (accessed July 7, 2013).
27. Ibid.
28. Sunil Paul and Nick Allen, “Inventing the Cleanweb,”
MIT Technology Review,
April 2, 2012, http://www.technologyreview.com/news/427382/inventing-the-cleanweb/ (accessed August 17, 2013).
29. Paul Boutin, “The Law of Online Sharing,”
MIT Technology Review,
January/February 2012.
30. Yuliya Chernova, “New York’s Cleanweb Hackathon Sparks Green Ideas Where Cleantech and IT Intersect,”
Wall Street Journal,
October 2, 2012, http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2012/10/02
/new-yorks-cleanweb-hackathon-sparks-green-ideas-where-clean-tech-and-it-intersect/ (accessed
September 3, 2013); Martin LaMonica, “Cleanweb Hackers Get Busy with Energy Data,”
CNET,
January 23, 2012, http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-57363873-54/cleanweb-hackers
-get-busy-with-energy-data/ (accessed September 3, 2013).
31. Paul and Allen, “Inventing the Cleanweb.”
32. “Green Button Data: More Power to You,” U.S. Department of Energy, May 18, 2012, http://energy.gov/articles/green-button-data-more-power-you (accessed September 10, 2013).
33. “Statements of Support for Green Button Initiative,” White Houe Office of Science and Technology Policy, last modified March 22, 2012, http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp
/pressroom/03222012-support (accessed August 22, 2013).
34. “Check Out the Social Energy App by Facebook, NRDC, Opower,”
Alliance to Save Energy,
last modified March 20, 2012, http://www.ase.org/efficiencynews/preview-social-energy-app
-facebook-nrdc-opower (accessed July 19, 2013).
35. Dominic Basulto, “The Cleanweb: Green Energy Meets Moore’s Law,”
Big Think,
May 15,
2012, http://bigthink.com/endless-innovation/the-cleanweb-green-energy-meets-moores-law (accessed
July 19, 2013).
36. Cecilia Kang, “Tech, Telecom Giants Take Sides as FCC Proposes Public Wi-Fi Networks,”
Cullman Times,
February 4, 2013, http://www.cullmantimes.com/local/x1303538507/Tech-Tele
com-Giants-Take-Sides-as-FCC-Proposes-Public-Wi-Fi-Networks (accessed November 3, 2013).
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. “Radio Act of 1927,” United States Early Radio History, February 23, 1927, http://earlyradio
history.us/sec023.htm#part090 (accessed October 22, 2013).
43. “The Communications Act of 1934,” U.S. Department of Justice, June 19, 1934, http://it.ojp.gov
/default.aspx?area=privacy&page=1288#contentTop (accessed October 22, 2013).
44. “Unlicensed Spectrum Subcommittee Report,” U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, January 6, 2010, 4.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. Carmela Aquino and Sarah Radwanick, “2012 Mobile Future in Focus,” ComScore, February 2012, http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Presentations_and_Whitepapers/2012/2012_Mobile
_Future_in_Focus (accessed October 23, 2013).
48. “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010–2015,” Cisco, February 1, 2011, 10, http://newsroom.cisco.com/ekits/Cisco_VNI_Global_Mobile
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537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html (accessed February 3, 2014).
50. Yochai Benkler, “Open Wireless vs. Licensed Spectrum: Evidence from Market Adoption,”
Harvard Journal of Law and Technology
26(1) (2012), http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publica
tions/2012/unlicensed_wireless_v_licensed_spectrum (accessed October 23, 2013).
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Chapter 10
1. Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,”
Science
162(3859) (December 13, 1968): 1244.
2. Ibid., 1243–48.
3. Garrett Hardin, “Political Requirements for Preserving Our Common Heritage,” in
Wildlife and America
, ed. Howard P. Brokaw (Washington, DC: Council on Environmental Quality, 1978), 310–17.
4. Carol Rose, “The Comedy of the Commons,”
University of Chicago Law Review
53(3) (1986): 720.
5. Crawford B. Macpherson,
Democratic Theory
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973), 123–24.
6. Rose, “The Comedy of the Commons,” 767.
7. Ibid., 768.
8. Ibid., 774.
9. Ibid.
10. Elinor Ostrom,
Governing the Commons,
(Cambridge University Press, 1990), 58.
11. Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” 1244.
12. Ostrom,
Governing the Commons,
59.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., 61–62.
15. Ibid., 62.
16. Robert McC. Netting, “What Alpine Peasants Have in Common: Observations on the Communal Tenure in a Swiss Village,”
Human Ecology
4(2) (1976): 135–46.
17. Ostrom,
Governing the Commons,
62.
18. Ibid., 62–63.
19. Netting, “What Alpine Peasants Have in Common.”
20. Ostrom,
Governing the Commons,
64.
21. Ibid., 91–102.
22. Elinor Ostrom, “Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems,” Nobel Prize lecture, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis from Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, December 8, 2009, 424, 425, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes
/economic-sciences/laureates/2009/ostrom_lecture.pdf (accessed November 3, 2013).
23. Ibid.
24. Douglas Robinson and Nina Medlock, “
Diamond v. Chakrabarty
: A Retrospective on 25 Years of Biotech Patents,”
Intellectual Property and Technology Law Journal
17(10) (2005): 12.
25. Leonard S. Rubenstein, “Brief on Behalf of the Peoples Business Commission, Amicus Curiae,” regarding
Diamond v. Chakrabarty,
no. 79-136, December 13, 1979, http://www.justice.gov/atr
//files/04/82/44/f048244/public/workshops/ag2010/015/AGW-14399-a.doc (accessed November 1, 2013).
26. Ibid.
27. “New Forms of Life Can be Patented U.S. Court Rules,”
Montreal Gazette
(Associated Press), June 17 1980, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800617&id=OokxAAAA
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28. “A History of Firsts,” Genentech, 2012, http://www.gene.com/media/company-information
/chronology (accessed June 19, 2013).
29. Keith Schneider, “Harvard Gets Mouse Patent, A World First,”
New York Times,
April 13, 1988, http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/13/us/harvard-gets-mouse-patent-a-world-first.html?page
wanted=print&src=pm (accessed June 25, 2013).
30. Marcy Darnovsky and Jesse Reynolds, “The Battle to Patent Your Genes,”
American Interest,
September/October 2009, http://www.the-american-interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=653 (accessed July 20, 2013).
31. “Porto Alegre Treaty to Share the Genetic Commons,” UK Food Group, February 1, 2002, http://www.ukabc.org/genetic_commons_treaty.htm (accessed July 21, 2013).
32. John Roach, “‘Doomsday’ Vault Will End Crop Extinction, Expert Says,”
National Geographic,
December 27, 2007, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/12/071227-seed-vault.html (accessed April 28, 2013).
33. Aaron Saenz, “Costs of DNA Sequencing Falling Fast—Look at these Graphs!,” Singularity University, March 5, 2001, http://singularityhub.com/2011/03/05/costs-of-dna-sequencing-falling
-fast-look-at-these-graphs/ (accessed June 19, 2013).
34. David Altshuler, John Bell, Todd Golub, et al, “Creating a Global Alliance to Enable Responsible Sharing of Genomic and Clinical Data,”
Broad Institute,
June 3 2013, http://www.broad
institute.org/files/news/pdfs/GAWhitePaperJune3.pdf (accessed November 8, 2013).
35. Ariana Eunjung Cha, “Glowing Plants Illuminate Regulatory Debate,”
Washington Post
, October 4, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/glowing-plant-project
-on-kickstarter-sparks-debate-about-regulation-of-dna-modification/2013/10/03/e01db276-1c
78-11e3-82ef-a059e54c49d0_story.html (accessed November 8, 2013).
36. Ibid.
37. Jeremy Rifkin,
The Biotech Century
(New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam Books, 1998), 9.