The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (58 page)

infrastructure is vulnerable to climate change,
290

IT.
see
Cleanweb Movement

use, proactive rather than reactive,
143

Energy Watch Group,
83
–84

entrepreneurialism, strengthened by Protestant theologians,
59

entropy, definition of,
10

Entropy: A New World View
(Rifkin),
100

environmentalist(s),
170
–172,
187
–188

Environmental Movement,
173
,
182
,
185

era of transparency,
75
–77

Etsy,
91
,
262

European Bioinformatics Institute,
86

European Commission,
11
,
76
–77

European enclosures, and birth of the market economy,
29
–38

exponential curves,
79
– 81

“extreme productivity,”
3
,
70
–73

ExxonMobil,
49
,
54

the Fab Lab,
70
,
94
–95,
310

Facebook

becoming an online monopoly,
201
–205

changes the concept of privacy,
76

as communication,
151
,
234
,
248
,
250
,
302

exploiting the Commons for commercial ends,
199
–200,
310

and freedom,
226

and GM’s decision to yank ads from,
251

as a podium for activism,
189

revenue and market share,
201

and the “Social Energy App,”
147

and Spotify,
145

and Yerdle,
237

and Zuckerberg,
145

Farber, Amy,
241
–242

Federal Communications Commission (FCC),
147
–151,
194
,
198
–199

Ferris, Cameron,
246

fertility rate, falling,
285

Filabot,
96

“fit-lifters,”
127

Flickr,
180
,
234
,
250

forager/hunter society(ies),
298
–302

Ford, Henry,
52
–54,
71
,
98
,
105
,
123
,
308

Fortune 500 companies,
22
,
114
,
175
,
310

fossil fuel(s)

costs of,
69
,
87
,
91
,
140
,
142

and cyberattacks,
294

location of,
22
–23

reliance on,
54
,
194
–195

stalwart supporters of,
86
–87

versus renewables,
69
–72,
81
–87,
216
–217,
267
,
283

see also
oil

“free”

energy,
81
–84

as a marketing device,
5

in price and free from scarcity,
273

Free Culture Movement,
173
–188,
202

Freecycle Network (TFN),
236

“free-riders dilemma,”
156
,
258

Free Software Foundation,
174
–175

Free Software Movement,
100
,
170
,
174
–179

free wi-fi,
147
–149

feudal commons,
16
–17,
29
–32,
36
–37,
58
–61,
132
,
155
–156,
167
,
269

Foundation on Economic Trends (FOET),
165
–167,
182

Friendster,
200
,
204

Frischmann, Brett M.,
193
–194

Frydman, Gilles,
242

Gaia hypothesis,
184

Gandhi, Mahatma,
104
–108

Gates, Bill,
171
,
174

GDP,
17
,
20
–22,
54
,
74
,
123
,
129
,
240
,
266

General Electric (GE),
13
,
14
,
54
,
73
–74,
165
,
210
,
234

General Motors,
53
,
54
,
228
–230

General Public Licenses (GPL),
94
,
175
–176

Germany

and cooperatives,
213
–216

flood in,
287

and Google,
201

and renewable energy,
82
–83,
101
,
141
,
253
,
257

and 3D printing,
101
–102

Gershenfeld, Neil,
94

Gillespie, Tarleton,
203

Girsky, Stephen,
228
–229

globalization versus reopening the global commons,
187
–192

GM, teams up with RelayRides,
228
–229

GNU operating system,
174
–176

God of oil.
see
Hall, Andy

Google

cashes in on selling Big Data,
199
–200

and control of the U.S. media market,
54

and driverless vehicles,
230

energy usage,
85

favors free Wi-Fi connection,
148

market share and revenue generated by,
201

as natural monopoly,
202
–205

Ngram Viewer,
18

primary revenue stream is weakening,
251

as tracking tool,
245

Gore, Al,
219

Gorenflo, Neal,
238

Gou, Terry,
124

“The Governing of the Commons” (Ostrom),
158
–162

Gram Power,
103
–104

Green Button initiative,
146

Great Chain of Being,
30
,
58
–59,
61

Great Recession,
20
,
122
–129,
233
,
255
–262,
281
–282

green feed-in tariff(s),
139
,
206

Guardian,
104
,
116

guilds by trade,
36
–37

Gutenberg, Johannes,
35
–37

hacker(s)

connotations of the term,
93

and cyberterrorists,
291
–292

and environmentalist(s),
170
–172,
187
–188

and the Free Culture Movement,
173
–174

and the Makers Movement,
99
–104

and 3D printing,
95

Hall, Andy,
87

Hansen, James,
287

Happiness: Lessons from a New Science
(Layard),
277

Haque, Umair,
253

Hardin, Garrett,
155
–159

Hazen, Paul,
213

healthcare,
13
,
74
,
130
,
240
–247

hedonistic treadmill,
276

Hegel, Georg Friedrich,
279
,
301

Heilbroner, Robert,
5
,
105

Herr, Bill,
129

higher education.
see
massive open online courses (MOOCs)

The High Price of Materialism
(Kasser),
277

high-tech Armageddon.
see
cyber attacks/cyberterrorism

Hoch, Dan,
243
–244

Hotelling, Harold,
136
–137,
150
,
206
–211

how best to judge economic success,
20
–21

Hoyt, Robert,
58

human race

empathetic sensibility of,
278
–286,
301

and Enlightenment,
60
–65

and human nature through a capitalist lens,
57
–65

liberating the,
7
,
70

and ostracism,
163

rethinking salvation,
58
–59

what makes us happy,
276
–285

Hume, David,
62
,
308

hybrid economy.
see
capitalism; Collaborative Commons

IBM,
13
,
14
,
80
,
130
,
234
,
250

infofacture vs. manufacture,
90

Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources (
Frischmann),
193
–194

Integrated Transportation Provider Services (ITPS),
228

Intel,
79
,
148

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN),
195
–196

the Internet of Everything,
14
,
73

the Internet generation,
132
,
145
,
179
,
226
,
230

the Internet of Things (IoT),
11
–16,
65

and Big Data.
see
Big Data

and the chief productivity officer (CPO),
15

as a double-edged sword,
78
,
267

and healthcare.
see
healthcare

made up of,
11
,
14
–15

and near zero marginal cost society,
73
–78

negatives associated with,
14

obstacles that slowed the deployment of,
74

and smart cities.
see
smart cities

as source of employment,
267
–268

and use of sensors,
11
–13,
73
–74,
143
,
219
,
230

Internet of Things European Research Cluster,
11

infrastructure, requirements of,
14

Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Cyber Fighters,
292

Jakubowski, Marcin,
102
–103

James, William,
279
–280

Jennings, Ken,
130

Jobs, Steve,
305
,
308

Jumpstart Our Business Start Ups Act,
257

Kaku, Michio,
79

Kasser, Tim,
277

Keynes, John Maynard,
5
–7,
105
,
268

Khoshnevis, Dr. Behrokh,
96
–97

Kickstarter,
256

Ki-moon, Ban 285

Koenig, Friedrich,
44

Konrath, Sarah,
280

Kuhn, Thomas,
9

Kümmel, Reiner,
71

Kurzweil, Ray,
84

Lamberth, Laurie,
74
–75

Lange, Oskar,
5
–7

last worker standing,
121
–133

and the end of work,
121
–128

even knowledge workers are expendable,
128
–133

Latif, Majib,
288

laws of thermodynamics, govern all economic activity,
10
–11

Layard, Richard,
277

Leontief, Wassily,
5
,
105

Lessig, Lawrence,
175
,
177
–180,
185
,
188

Lewis, James W.,
281

Linux,
170
,
175
–176,
199
,
309

live healthier lives, how to,
275

local exchange trading systems (LETS),
259
–262

Locke, John,
60
–62

Loescher, Peter,
14

The London Independent,
188

Lovelock, James,
184

L3C laws,
265

Luther, Martin,
58
–59

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM),
241
–242

Lynch, Mike,
129

Lynn, Mary Scott,
147

Makerbot Industries,
94

Makers Movement,
93
–94,
99
,
103

manufacture vs. infofacture,
90

marginal cost economy.
see
near zero marginal cost society

Margulis, Lynn,
184

market economy,
4
,
61

rise of the 32–38

Martin, Dean,
144

Marx, Karl,
33
,
41
,
105

massive open online courses (MOOCs),
4
,
109
–119,
247
,
309
–310

and the decline of the brick and mortar classroom,
113
–119

negatives of,
117
–118

the one-room schoolhouse with two billion students,
109
–113

and peer-to-peer grading,
115
–116

and service learning,
111
–113,
264

and teachers as facilitators,
110

see also
Coursera; edX; Udacity

materialism/materialist(s),
276
–279

mercantilist policies,
37

Mestrallet, Gérard,
141

microcurrencies,
259
–262

microgrid(s),
103
–104,
107
,
294
–295

microplot(s),
239

micropower plant(s),
69
,
101
,
102
,
146
,
267
,
294
–295

Millennial Generation,
19
,
226
,
230
,
252
,
264
,
280
–283

Mill, John Stuart,
63

Moglen, Eben,
175
–176

monopoly or oligopoly,
6
–8,
23
,
198
,
202
,
307