Authors: Preston Paul
56
Harriet Ward,
A Man of Small Importance. My Father Griffin Barry
(Debenham, Suffolk: Dormouse Books, 2003), p. 180; Purcell,
Wintringham,
p. 112; Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 413–14.
57
Bowler to Wintringham, 25 June 1937, and attached report sent to Kerrigan, RCPSRHD/IBMT, F.545, O.6/216.
58
Bowler to Wintringham, 9 July 1937, RCPSRHD/IBMT, F.545, O.6/216.
59
Wintringham to Victor Gollancz, 10 August 1941, LHCMA, Wintringham papers, 1, folder 18.
60
Bowler to Wintringham, 8 February, ‘Had a nice long letter from Kate’, 28 June 1937, RCPSRHD/IBMT, F.545, O.6/216; Kurzke & Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 397–8, 408.
61
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 230–1, 244. On Kitty, Mangan to Bennett, undated, but mid-1938, Milly Bennet Papers, Box 3, Folder 18, Hoover Institution Archives.
62
Wintringham to Bowler, 2 November 1936, LHCMA, Wintringham papers, folder 11; Bowler to Wintringham, 27 January 1937, RCPSRHD/IBMT, F.545, O.6/216.
63
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 244–5, 292.
64
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, p. 364. Ironically, Kate’s estranged husband, Sherry Mangan, was himself a prominent Trotskyist
and he wrote about the POUM in 1939: see
The Spanish Civil War: The View from the Left,
Special Issue
of Revolutionary History,
vol. 4, nos 1/2, 1991, pp. 303–13.
65
Stephen Koch,
The Breaking Point. Hemingway, Dos Passos and the Murder of José Robles
(New York: Counterpoint, 2005), pp. 115–18; Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, p. 245.
66
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, p. 247; De la Mora,
In Place of Splendor,
pp. 295–6.
67
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, p. 248.
68
Kate Mangan to Sherry Mangan, 16 April 1937, papers of Charlotte Kurzke.
69
Cowles,
Looking for Trouble,
p.36; Lucy Viedma, ‘Everything you have done for us Spanish children’,
The World in the Basement
(Stockholm: Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv och Bibliotek, 2003) p. 37; ‘Kajsa kämpade för Spaniens barn’ in
Varmlands Folkblad,
27 November 2004.
70
On Fernanda Jacobsen’s activities, see C. E. Lucas Phillips,
The Spanish Pimpernel
(London: Heinemann, 1960), pp. 85–8, 104–17; Delmer,
Trail Sinister,
pp. 344–6; Salter,
Try-Out in Spain,
pp. 117–33. The security report is ‘Informe sobre la actuación de la Delegación Canadiense en España: Antecedentes de Kajsa’, in Mackenzie-Papineau Collection, Nacional Archives, Canada. I am deeply grateful to Larry Hannant who sent me a copy of this document.
71
Hazen Size to Bethune, 25 February 1937, Osler Medical History Library, McGill University; Moller to Hedda Hopper, 28 January 1943, UCLA Library, Special Collections, Collection 877, Box 30, Folder 1. Kenneth Macgowan Papers. I am grateful to David Lethbridge who sent me copies of both documents. See also Larry Hannant (ed.),
The Politics of Passion. Norman Bethune’s Writing and Art
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998), pp. 125–7, 361–4 (where there is an English translation of the ‘Informe’); T. C. Worsley,
Behind the Battle
(London: Robert Hale, 1939), pp. 247–8.
72
Kurzke & Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, p. 339. Josephine Herbst, unpublished diary, Za Herbst Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale University, pp. 11, 13, 27, 39, 42, 46–7; Cowles,
Looking for Trouble,
p. 36.
73
Moller to Hopper, quoted above; Félix Schlayer,
Diplomático en el Madrid rojo
(Sevilla: Espuela de Plata, 2008), pp. 248–53. On Kajsa after leaving the press office, see Viedma, ‘Everything’, p. 37; ‘Kajsa åter i Spanien’,
Solidaritet,
no. 1, 1938; ‘Kajsa kämpade för Spaniens barn’ in
Varmlands Folkblad,
27 November 2004.
74
On Anna Louise Strong, see Marion Merriman and Warren Lerude,
American Commander in Spain: Robert Hale Merriman and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
(Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 1986), pp. 40–1. Milly’s movements can be traced from the various letters of
recommendation and safe-conducts preserved among her papers in the Hoover Institution Archives.
75
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 246–8; Peter N. Carroll,
The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Americans in the Spanish Civil War
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994), pp. 74, 92, 157; Merriman and Lerude,
American Commander,
pp. 40–2, 53–7, 75, 79, 145, 151, 167; A. Tom Grunfeld, letter to
The Volunteer,
December 2004; James M. Minifie,
Expatriate
(Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1976), p. 69; Delmer,
Trail Sinister,
pp. 332–3.
76
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 250, 344–9.
77
H. Edward Knoblaugh,
Correspondent in Spain
(London and New York: Sheed & Ward, 1937), pp. 176–8.
78
Knoblaugh to Bennett, 7 November 1939, Milly Bennett Papers, Box 3, Folder 7, Hoover Institution Archives.
79
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 309–10.
80
The Times,
17, 24 February, 3 March 1937; T. C. Worsley,
Behind the Battle
(London: Robert Hale, 1939), pp. 275–7.
81
Deeble to Bowler, 4 June 1937, LHCMA, Wintringham papers, folder 11.
82
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 259–61.
83
Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, p. 364.
84
There exist three versions of the demise of Basil Murray, of which only that by Kate Mangan is entirely reliable. Kurzke and Mangan, ‘The Good Comrade’, pp. 349–54; Delmer,
Trail Sinister,
pp. 337–43; Claud Cockburn, ‘Spies and Two Deaths in Spain’,
Grand Street,
no. 2, 1981.
85
Articles by Matthews,
New York Times,
20, 26 December 1937, 5, 9, 11, 16, 28, 31 January, 4, 6 February 1938; by William P. Carney,
New York Times,
31 December 1937, 18, 22, 23 January, 8, 23 February 1938; Herbert L. Matthews,
A World in Revolution. A Newspaperman’s Memoir
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971), pp. 28–30.
86
Ernest Hemingway to ‘Madug’, undated January 1938, Louis Henry and Marguerite Cohn Hemingway Collection, Special Collections, University of Delaware Library. Herbert L. Matthews,
Two Wars and More to Come
(New York: Carrick & Evans, 1938), jacket copy.
87
Salter,
Try-out in Spain,
pp. 227–30.
88
The story of Jim Lardner is movingly recounted by Sheean,
Not Peace,
pp. 235–66.
89
Sheean,
Not Peace,
pp. 141–2, 240–2.
90
Salter,
Try-out in Spain,
pp. 182–3.
91
Josephine Herbst, unpublished memoir, ‘Journal Spain’, Za Herbst Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale University, pp. 8, 11; De la Mora,
In Place of Splendor,
p. 293. On Kajsa, Cowles,
Looking for Trouble,
p. 36.
92
Bernard Knox,
Essays Ancient and Modern
(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), p. 248.
93
Salter,
Try-out in Spain,
p. 210.
94
North,
No Men are Strangers,
p. 142.
95
Peter Besas, ‘Henry Buckley, Reporter and 40-year Veteran of Madrid’,
Guidepost,
1970, pp. 17–18; Herbert L. Matthews,
The Education of a Correspondent
(New York: Harcourt Brace, 1946), p. 138; Sheean,
Not Peace,
pp. 336–7.
96
Herbert Matthews, ‘Rebels Intensify Bombing of Roads’,
New York Times,
16 January 1939.
97
Matthews,
A World in Revolution,
p. 97.
98
Salter,
Try-out in Spain,
pp. 240–9.
99
Herbert Matthews, ‘Figueras Capital of Loyalist Spain’, ‘Conflict to Go On’, ‘Toll of 500 Feared in Figueras Raids’,
New York Times,
28 January, 4, 6 February 1939.
100
Sheean,
Not Peace,
pp. 350–63.
101
Herbert Matthews, ‘130,000 Refugees Enter France’,
New York Times, 7
February 1939.
102
Matthews,
The Education,
p. 192.
1
Kate Mangan to Sherry Mangan, 16 April 1937, papers of Charlotte Kurzke.
2
Radio Nacional de España,
Guerra civil y Radio Nacional. Salamanca 1936–1938
(Madrid: Instituto Oficial de Radio y Televisión, 2006), pp. 8–11, 65–7.
3
Eugenio Vegas Latapie,
Los caminos del desengaño. Memorias políticas 2: 1936–1938
(Madrid: Ediciones Giner, 1987), pp. 172–3; Ángel Viñas,
La Alemania nazi y el 18 de julio
(Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1974), pp. 167–8; Gonzalo Álvarez Chillida,
El antisemitismo en España. La imagen del judío (1812–2002)
(Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2002), pp. 312–13, 361–2; María Cruz Seoane and María Dolores Sáiz,
Historia del periodismo en España 3. El siglo XX: 1898–1936
(Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1998), pp. 348–9, 426–7; Herbert Rutledge Southworth,
Guernica! Guernica!: A Study of Journalism, Propaganda and History
(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1977), pp. 411, 498.
4
ABC
(Sevilla), 14, 18 August 1936; Francisco Franco Salgado-Araujo,
Mi vida junto a Franco
(Barcelona: Editorial Planeta, 1976), p. 190; Vegas Latapie,
Los caminos,
p. 173.
5
Rafael Abella,
La vida cotidiana durante la guerra civil 1) La España nacional
(Barcelona: Editorial Planeta, 1978), p. 109.
6
Vegas Latapie,
Los caminos,
p. 175; Francis McCullagh,
In Franco’s Spain
(London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1937), pp. 104–7.
7
Noel Monks,
Eyewitness
(London: Frederick Muller, 1955), p. 73.
8
McCullagh,
In Franco’s Spain,
p. 107. The pseudonym given Bolín in McCullagh’s book was Bustamente.
9
Arthur Koestler,
Spanish Testament
(London: Victor Gollancz, 1937), pp. 26–8, 220; Southworth,
Guernica! Guernica!,
pp. 415–16.
10
‘A Journalist’,
Foreign Journalists under Franco’s Terror
(London: United Editorial, 1937), pp. 8–12; Major Geoffrey McNeill-Moss,
The Epic of the Alcazar
(London: Rich & Cowan, 1937), pp. 309–15.
11
Josep Massot i Muntaner,
El desembarcament de Bayo a Mallorca, Agost–Setembre de 1936
(Barcelona: Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 1987), pp. 337–40; Georges Bernanos,
Els grans cementeris sota la lluna
(Barcelona: Curiel Edicions Catalanes, 1981), pp. 186–8; Jaume Miravitlles,
Episodis de la guerra civil espanyola
(Barcelona: Editorial Pòrtic, 1972), pp. 241–2; Southworth,
Guernica! Guernica!,
p. 416.
12
Webb Miller,
I Found No Peace
(London: The Book Club, 1937), pp. 325–7.
13
H. R. Knickerbocker,
The Siege of the Alcazar: A War-Log of the Spanish Revolution
(London: Hutchinson, n.d. [1937]), pp. 172–3; Webb Miller,
I Found No Peace
(London: The Book Club, 1937), pp. 329–30; Herbert L. Matthews,
The Yoke and the Arrows: A Report on Spain
(London: Heinemann, 1958), p. 176.
14
Luis Bolín,
Spain: The Vital Years
(Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1967), pp. 196–7; Harold Cardozo, ‘Alcazar Chief “You Must Die” to Son’,
Daily Mail,
30 September 1936. The story is deconstructed in Herbert Rutledge Southworth,
El mito de la cruzada de Franco
(Paris: Ediciones Ruedo Ibérico, 1963), pp. 49–56.
15
Miller,
I Found No Peace,
pp. 336–7; Allen to Southworth, 17 January 1964, 7 August 1967, Southworth Papers, Museo de Guernica.
16
‘Denis Weaver Captured by Franco. “News Chronicle” War Correspondent taken with 4 Companions. Chauffeur Shot Dead’,
News Chronicle,
27 October; ‘Britons Captured by Rebels’,
Guardian,
27 October 1936; Denis Weaver, ‘Through the Enemy’s Lines’, in Hanighen,
Nothing but Danger,
pp. 98–115; ‘A Journalist’,
Foreign Journalists,
pp. 15–16; James M. Minifie,
Expatriate
(Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1976), pp. 70–5; Claude Bowers,
My Mission to Spain
(London: Victor Gollancz, 1954), pp. 325–6. Some discrepancies between the published versions of Weaver and Minifie may be explained by the fact that the latter’s memoirs were completed after his death by his wife on the basis of taped reminiscences.
17
News Chronicle,
29 October 1936.
18
Geoffrey Cox,
Eyewitness. A Memoir of Europe in the 1930s
(Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1999), pp. 200–1.
19
Cox,
Eyewitness,
p. 204.
20
C. E. Lucas Phillips,
The Spanish Pimpernel
(London: Heinemann, 1960), pp. 70–80.
21
‘A Journalist’,
Foreign Journalists,
pp. 14, 17; Koestler,
Spanish Testament,
p. 220.
22
Guardian,
22 February 1937; Southworth,
Guernica! Guernica!,
pp. 54–5, 421–2.
23
Koestler,
The Invisible Writing,
2nd edn (London: Hutchinson, 1969), pp. 382–9.
24
Koestler,
Spanish Testament,
p. 34.
25
Koestler,
The Invisible Writing,
pp. 389–93.