Why Diets Fail (Because You're Addicted to Sugar) (37 page)

11.
Davis W (2011).
Wheat belly
. New York: Rodale.

12.
Griswell JB, Jennings B (2009).
The adversity paradox: An unconventional guide to achieving uncommon business success
. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Step 7: Managing Your Cravings

  
1.
Weingarten HP, Elston D (1991). Food cravings in a college population.
Appetite
173(3): 167–75.

  
2.
Lappalainen R, Sjoden PO, Hursti T, Vesa V (1990). Hunger/craving responses and reactivity to food stimuli during fasting and dieting.
Int J Obes
14(8): 679–88.

  
3.
Harvey J, Wing RR, Mullen M (1993). Effects on food cravings of a very low calorie diet or a balanced, low calorie diet.
Appetite
21(2): 105–15.

  
4.
Massey A, Hill AJ (2012). Dieting and food craving: A descriptive, quasi-prospective study.
Appetite
58(3): 781–5.

  
5.
Gilhooly CH, Das SK, Golden JK, McCrory MA, Dallal GE, Saltzman E, et al. (2007). Food cravings and energy regulation: The characteristics of craved foods and their relationship with eating behaviors and weight change during 6 months of dietary energy restriction.
Int J Obes
31(12): 1849–58.

  
6.
Martin CK, Rosenbaum D, Han H, Geiselman PJ, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, et al. (2011). Change in food cravings, food preferences, and appetite during a low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet.
Obesity
19(10): 1963–70.

  
7.
United States Department of Agriculture (2003).
Agriculture fact book, 2001–2002
. Chapter 2: Profiling food consumption in America. Retrieved from
http://usinfo.org/enus/economy/industry/docs/2002factbook.pdf
. Accessed May 5, 2013.

  
8.
Elkort M (1991).
The secret life of food: A feast of food and drink history, folklore, and fact
. Los Angeles: J. P. Tarcher.

  
9.
Hall DM, Most MM (2005). Dietary adherence in well-controlled feeding studies.
J Am Diet Assoc
105(8): 1285–8.

10.
United States Department of Agriculture (2003).
Agriculture fact book, 2001–2002
. Chapter 2: Profiling food consumption in America. Retrieved from
http://usinfo.org/enus/economy/industry/docs/2002factbook.pdf
. Accessed May 5, 2013.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Oliver G, Wardle J, Gibson EL (2000). Stress and food choice: A laboratory study.
Psychosom Med
62(6): 853–65.

13.
Torres SJ, Nowson CA (2007). Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity.
Nutrition
23(11–12): 887–94.

14.
Adam TC, Epel ES (2007). Stress, eating, and the reward system.
Physiol Behav
91(4): 449–58.

15.
Zellner DA, Loaiza S, Gonzalez Z, Pita J, Morales J, Pecora D, et al. (2006). Food selection changes under stress.
Physiol Behav
87(4): 789–93.

16.
Lim SS, Norman RJ, Clifton PM, Noakes M (2009). Hyperandrogenemia, psychological distress, and food cravings in young women.
Physiol Behav
98(3): 276–80.

17.
Ibid.

18.
Kandiah J, Yake M, Jones J, Meyer M (2006). Stress influences appetite and comfort food preferences in college women.
Nutrition Res
26(3): 118–23.

19.
Pelchat ML, Johnson A, Chan R, Valdez J, Ragland JD (2004). Images of desire: Food-craving activation during fMRI.
Neuroimage
23(4): 1486–93.

20.
Arredondo E, Castaneda D, Elder JP, Slymen D, Dozier D (2009). Brand name logo recognition of fast food and healthy food among children.
J Community Health
34(1): 73–78.

21.
Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity (2010). Evaluating fast food nutrition and marketing to youth. Retrieved from
http://www.fastfoodmarketing.org/media/FastFoodFACTS_Report.pdf
. Accessed May 5, 2013.

22.
Phillips PE, Stuber GD, Heien ML, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2003). Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking.
Nature
422(6932): 614–8.

23.
Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Yang W, Zhu J, et al. (2012). Craving correlates with mesolimbic responses to heroin-related cues in short-term abstinence from heroin: An event-related fMRI study.
Brain Res
1469: 63–72.

24.
Scharmüller W, Übel S, Ebner F, Schienle A (2012). Appetite regulation during food cue exposure: A comparison of normal-weight and obese women.
Neurosci Lett
518(2): 106–10.

25.
Werthmann J, Roefs A, Nederkoorn C, Mogg K, Bradley BP, Jansen A (2011). Can(not) take my eyes off it: Attention bias for food in overweight participants.
Health Psychol
30(5): 561–9.

26.
Mayo Clinic (2011). Quitting smoking: 10 ways to resist tobacco cravings. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/nicotine-craving/SK00057
. Accessed May 5, 2013.

Step 8: Avoiding a Relapse

  
1.
Byrne SM, Cooper Z, Fairburn CG (2004). Psychological predictors of weight regain in obesity.
Behav Res Ther
42(11): 1341–56.

  
2.
Niemeier HM, Phelan S, Fava JL, Wing RR (2007). Internal disinhibition predicts weight regain following weight loss and weight loss maintenance.
Obesity
15(10): 2485–94.

  
3.
Kayman S, Bruvold W, Stern JS (1990). Maintenance and relapse after weight loss in women: Behavioral aspects.
Am J Clin Nutr
52(5): 800–7.

  
4.
Ibid.

  
5.
Hendershot CS, Witkiewitz K, George WH, Marlatt GA (2011). Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy
6: 17.

  
6.
Kayman S, Bruvold W, Stern JS (1990). Maintenance and relapse after weight loss in women: Behavioral aspects.
Am J Clin Nutr
52(5): 800–7.

  
7.
Ibid.

  
8.
Ibid.

  
9.
Byrne SM, Cooper Z, Fairburn CG (2004). Psychological predictors of weight regain in obesity.
Behav Res Ther
42(11): 1341–56.

Conclusion: How to Maintain Your New, Addiction-Free Way of Eating

  
1.
Cordain L (2011).
The paleo diet
. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

  
2.
Bohay M, Blakely DP, Tamplin AK, Radvansky GA (2011). Note taking, review, memory, and comprehension.
Am J Psychol
124(1): 63–73.

  
3.
Stroebe W, Mensink W, Aarts H, Schut H, Kruglanski AW (2008). Why dieters fail: Testing the goal conflict model of eating.
J Exp Soc Psychol
44: 26–36.

  
4.
Shah JY, Friedman R, Kruglanski AW (2002). Forgetting all else: On the antecedents and consequences of goal shielding.
J Pers Soc Psychol
83(6): 1261–80.

  
5.
Pachucki MA, Jacques PF, Christakis NA (2011). Social network concordance in food choice among spouses, friends, and siblings.
Am J Public Health
101(11): 2170–7.

  
6.
Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A (2002). The contextual effect of the local food environment on residents’ diets: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Am J Public Health
92(11): 1761–7.

  
7.
French SA, Story M, Fulkerson JA, Gerlach AF (2003). Food environment in secondary schools: Á la carte, vending machines, and food policies and practices.
Am J Public Health
93(7): 1161–7.

  
8.
De Castro JM (1994). Family and friends produce greater social facilitation of food intake than other companions.
Physiol Behav
56(3): 445–5.

  
9.
Stroebele N, De Castro JM (2004). Effect of ambience on food intake and food choice.
Nutrition
20(9): 821–38.

10.
Kearney MH (1998). Truthful self-nurturing: A grounded formal theory of women’s addiction recovery.
Qual Health Res
8(4): 495–512.

11.
Adam TC, Epel ES (2007). Stress, eating, and the reward system.
Physiol Behav
91(4): 449–58.

12.
Macht M (1999). Characteristics of eating in anger, fear, sadness, and joy.
Appetite
33(1): 129–39.

13.
Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E (2004). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index.
PLoS Med
1(3): e62.

14.
Benedict C, Brooks SJ, O’Daly OG, Almèn MS, Morell A, Åberg K, et al. (2012). Acute sleep deprivation enhances the brain’s response to hedonic food stimuli: An fMRI study.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
97(3): E443–7.

15.
St-Onge MP, McReynolds A, Trivedi ZB, Roberts AL, Sy M, Hirsch J (2012). Sleep restriction leads to increased activation of brain regions sensitive to food stimuli.
Am J Clin Nutr
95(4): 818–24.

16.
Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E (2004). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index.
PLoS Med
1(3): e62.

17.
Hammond M (2007). Mindful eating. Tuning in to your food.
Diabetes Self Manag
24(2): 36, 38, 40.

18.
Chozen Bays J (2009).
Mindful eating: A guide to rediscovering a healthy and joyful relationship with food
. Boston: Shambhala Publications.

19.
Albers S (2012).
Eating mindfully: How to end mindless eating and enjoy a balanced relationship with food
(2nd ed.). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

20.
Wing RR, Phelan S (2005). Long-term weight loss maintenance.
Am J Clin Nutr
82(1): 222S–5S.