1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Turning Points in Ancient History) (40 page)

Braudel, F. 2001.
The Mediterranean
in the Ancient World
. London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books.

Breasted, J. H. 1906.
Ancient Records of Egypt
. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Reprinted 2001.

Breasted, J. H. 1930. Foreword. In
Medinet Habu
, vol. 1,
Earlier Historical Records of Ramses III
, ed. The Epigraphic Survey, ix–xi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bretschneider J., and K. Van Lerberghe, eds. 2008.
In Search of Gibala: An Archaeological and Historical Study Based on Eight Seasons of Excavations at Tell Tweini (Syria) in the A and C Fields (1999–2007).
Aula Orientalis–Supplementa 24. Barcelona: Sabadell.

Bretschneider, J., and K. Van Lerberghe. 2011. The Jebleh Plain through History: Tell Tweini and Its Intercultural Contacts in the Bronze and Early Iron Age. In
Intercultural Contacts in the Ancient Mediterranean. Proceedings of the International Conference at the Netherlands-Flemish Institute in Cairo, 25th to 29th October 2008
, ed. K. Duistermaat and I. Regulski, 183–203. Leuven: Uitgeveru Peeters.

Bretschneider, J., A.-S. Van Vyve,, and G. Jans. 2011. Tell Tweini: A Multi-Period Harbour Town at the Syrian Coast. In
Egypt and the Near East—the Crossroads: Proceedings of an International Conference on the Relations of Egypt and the Near East in the Bronze Age, Prague, September 1–3, 2010
, ed. J. Mynářová, 73–87. Prague: Charles University in Prague.

Bryce, T. R. 1985. A Reinterpretation of the Milawata Letter in the Light of the New Join Piece.
Anatolian Studies
35: 13–23.

Bryce, T. R. 1989a. The Nature of Mycenaean Involvement in Western Anatolia.
Historia
38: 1–21.

Bryce, T. R. 1989b. Ahhiyawans and Mycenaeans—An Anatolian Viewpoint.
Oxford
Journal of Archaeology
8: 297–310.

Bryce, T. R. 2002.
Life and Society in the Hittite World
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bryce, T. R. 2005.
The Kingdom of the Hittites
. New Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bryce, T. R. 2009.
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
. London: Routledge.

Bryce, T. R. 2010. The Hittite Deal with the Hiyawa-Men. In
Pax Hethitica: Studies on the Hittites and Their Neighbours in Honor of Itamar Singer
, ed. Y. Cohen, A. Gilan, and J. L. Miller, 47–53. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.

Bryce, T. R. 2012.
The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bunimovitz, S. 1998. Sea Peoples in Cyprus and Israel: A Comparative Study of Immigration Processes. In
Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE
, ed. S. Gitin, A. Mazar, and E. Stern, 103–13. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.

Butzer, K. W. 2012. Collapse, Environment, and Society.
Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences
109/10: 3632–39.

Butzer, K. W., and G. H. Endfield. 2012. Critical Perspectives on Historical Collapse.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
109/10: 3628–31.

Callot, O. 1994.
Ras Shamra-Ougarit X: La tranchée «Ville sud». Études d’architecture domestique.
Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations.

Callot, O., and M. Yon. 1995. Urbanisme et architecture. In
Le Pays d’Ougarit autour de 1200 av. J.-C.: Historie et archéologie
.
Actes du Colloque International; Paris, 28 juin–1
^er
juillet 1993
, ed. M. Yon, M. Sznycer, and P. Bordreuil, 155–68. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations.

Carmi, I., and D. Ussishkin. 2004.
¹⁴
C Dates. In
The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994)
, ed. D. Ussishkin, 2508–13. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.

Carpenter, R. 1968.
Discontinuity in Greek Civilization
. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. Carruba, O. 1977. Beitrage zur mittelhethitischen Geschichtc, I: Die Tuthalijas und die Arnuwandas.
Studi micenei ed egeo-anatolici
18: 137–74.

Castleden, R. 1993.
Minoan Life in Bronze Age Crete
. London: Routledge.

Caubet, A. 1992. Reoccupation of the Syrian Coast after the Destruction of the “Crisis Years.” In
The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C.
, ed. W. A. Ward and M. S. Joukowsky, 123–30. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.

Caubet, A. 2000. Ras Shamra-Ugarit before the Sea Peoples. In
The Sea Peoples and Their
World: A Reassessment
, ed. E. D. Oren, 35–49. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.

Caubet, A., and V. Matoian. 1995. Ougarit et l’Égée. In
Le Pays d’Ougarit autour de 1200 av. J.-C.: Historie et archéologie
.
Actes du Colloque International; Paris, 28 juin–1
^er
juillet 1993
, ed. M. Yon, M. Sznycer, and P. Bordreuil, 99–112. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations.

Cho, D., and B. Appelbaum. 2008. Unfolding Worldwide Turmoil Could Reverse Years of Prosperity.
Washington Post
, October 7, 2008, A1.

Cifola, B. 1991. The Terminology of Ramses III’s Historical Records with a Formal Analysis of the War Scenes.
Orientalia
60: 9–57.

Cifola, B. 1994. The Role of the Sea Peoples at the End of the Late Bronze Age: A Reassessment of Textual and Archaeological Evidence.
Oriens Antiqvi Miscellanea
1: 1–57.

Clayton, P. A. 1994.
Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt
. London: Thames and Hudson.

Cline, E. H. 1987. Amenhotep III and the Aegean: A Reassessment of Egypto-Aegean Relations in the 14th Century BC.
Orientalia
56/1: 1–36.

Cline, E. H. 1990. An Unpublished Amenhotep III Faience Plaque from Mycenae.
Journal of the American Oriental Society
110/2: 200–212.

Cline, E. H. 1991a. Hittite Objects in the Bronze Age Aegean.
Anatolian Studies
41: 133–43. Cline, E. H. 1991b. A Possible Hittite Embargo against the Mycenaeans.
Historia
40/1: 1–9.

Cline, E. H. 1994.
Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea: International Trade and the Late Bronze
Age Aegean
. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum. Republished 2009.

Cline, E. H. 1995a. ‘My Brother, My Son’: Rulership and Trade between the LBA Aegean, Egypt and the Near East. In
The Role of the Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean
, ed. P. Rehak, 143–50. Aegaeum 11. Liège: Université de Liège.

Cline, E. H. 1995b. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sailor: Minoans and Mycenaeans Abroad. In
Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age
, ed. W.-D. Niemeier and R. Laffineur, 265–87. Aegaeum 12. Liège: Université de Liège.

Cline, E. H. 1996. Aššuwa and the Achaeans: The ‘Mycenaean’ Sword at Hattušas and Its Possible Implications.
Annual of the British School at Athens
91: 137–51.

Cline, E. H. 1997a. Achilles in Anatolia: Myth, History, and the Aššuwa Rebellion. In
Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael Astour on His 80th Birthday
, ed. G. D. Young, M. W. Chavalas, and R. E. Averbeck, 189–210. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.

Cline, E. H. 1997b. Review of R. Drews,
The End of the Bronze Age
(Princeton 1993).
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
56/2: 127–29.

Cline, E. H. 1998. Amenhotep III, the Aegean and Anatolia. In
Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign
, ed. D. O’Connor and E. H. Cline, 236–50. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Cline, E. H. 1999a. The Nature of the Economic Relations of Crete with Egypt and the Near East during the Bronze Age. In
From Minoan Farmers to Roman Traders: Sidelights on the Economy of Ancient Crete
, ed. A. Chaniotis. 115–43. Munich: G. B. Steiner.

Cline, E. H. 1999b. Coals to Newcastle, Wallbrackets to Tiryns: Irrationality, Gift Exchange, and Distance Value. In
Meletemata: Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener As He Enters His 65th Year
, ed. P. P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier, 119–23. Aegaeum 20. Liège: Université de Liège.

Cline, E. H. 2000.
The Battles of Armageddon: Megiddo and the Jezreel Valley from the
Bronze Age to the Nuclear Age
. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Cline, E. H. 2005. Cyprus and Alashiya: One and the Same!
Archaeology Odyssey
8/5: 41–44.

Cline, E. H. 2006. A Widow’s Plea and a Murder Mystery.
Dig
magazine, January 2006, 28–30.

Cline, E. H. 2007a. Rethinking Mycenaean International Trade. In
Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces
, ed. W. Parkinson and M. Galaty, 190–200. 2nd Edition. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.

Cline, E. H. 2007b.
From Eden to Exile: Unraveling Mysteries of the Bible
. Washington, DC: National Geographic Books.

Cline, E. H. 2009a.
Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction
. New York: Oxford University Press.

Cline, E. H. 2009b. The Sea Peoples’ Possible Role in the Israelite Conquest of Canaan. In
Doron
:
Festschrift for Spyros E. Iakovidis
, ed. D. Danielidou, 191–98. Athens: Athens Academy.

Cline, E. H. 2010. Bronze Age Interactions between the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean Revisited: Mainstream, Margin, or Periphery? In
Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age
, ed. W. Parkinson and M. Galaty, 161–80. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research.

Cline, E. H., ed. 2010.
The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean
. New York: Oxford University Press.

Cline, E. H. 2011. Whole Lotta Shakin’ Going On: The Possible Destruction by Earthquake of Megiddo Stratum VIA. In
The Fire Signals of Lachish
:
Studies in the Archaeology and History of Israel in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian Period in Honor of David Ussishkin
, ed. I. Finkelstein and N. Na’aman, 55–70. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.

Cline, E. H. 2013.
The Trojan War: A Very Short Introduction
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cline, E. H., and M. J. Cline. 1991. Of Shoes and Ships and Sealing Wax: International Trade and the Late Bronze Age Aegean.
Expedition
33/3: 46–54.

Cline, E. H., and D. Harris-Cline, eds. 1998.
The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium
.
Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary Symposium, Cincinnati, 18–20 April 1997
. Aegaeum 18. Liège: Université de Liège.

Cline, E. H., and D. O’Connor. 2003. The Mystery of the ‘Sea Peoples’. In
Mysterious
Lands
, ed. D. O’Connor and S. Quirke, 107–38. London: UCL Press.

Cline, E. H., and D. O’Connor, eds. 2006.
Thutmose III: A New Biography
. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Cline, E. H., and D. O’Connor, eds. 2012.
Ramesses III: The Life and Times of Egypt’s Last
Hero
. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Cline, E. H., and S. M. Stannish. 2011. Sailing the Great Green Sea: Amenhotep III’s “Aegean List” from Kom el-Hetan, Once More.
Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections
3/2: 6–16.

Cline, E. H., and A. Yasur-Landau. 2007. Musings from a Distant Shore: The Nature and Destination of the Uluburun Ship and Its Cargo.
Tel Aviv
34/2: 125–41.

Cline, E. H., and A. Yasur-Landau. 2013. Aegeans in Israel: Minoan Frescoes at Tel Kabri.
Biblical Archaeology Review
39/4 (July/August 2013) 37–44, 64, 66.

Cline, E. H., A. Yasur-Landau, and N. Goshen. 2011. New Fragments of Aegean-Style Painted Plaster from Tel Kabri, Israel.
American Journal of Archaeology
115/2: 245–61.

Cohen, C., J. Maran, and M. Vetters, 2010. An Ivory Rod with a Cuneiform Inscription, Most Probably Ugaritic, from a Final Palatial Workshop in the Lower Citadel of Tiryns.
Archäologischer Anzeiger
2010/2: 1–22.

Cohen, R., and R. Westbrook., eds. 2000.
Amarna Diplomacy: The Beginnings of International Relations
. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Cohen, Y., and I. Singer. 2006. A Late Synchronism between Ugarit and Emar. In
Essays on Ancient Israel in Its Near Eastern Context: A Tribute to Nadav Na’aman
: 123–39, ed. Y. Amit, E. Ben Zvi, I. Finkelstein, and O. Lipschits. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Collins, B. J. 2007.
The Hittites and Their World
. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.

Courbin, P. 1990. Bassit Poidaeion in the Early Iron Age. In
Greek Colonists and Native Populations. First Australian Congress of Classical Archaeology in Honour of A. D. Trendall
, ed. J.-P. Descoeudres, 504–9. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Curtis, A.H.W. 1999. Ras Shamra, Minet el-Beida and Ras Ibn Hani: The Material Sources. In
Handbook of Ugaritic Studies
, ed. W.G.E. Watson and N. Wyatt, 5–27. Leiden: Brill.

Dalley, S. 1984.
Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities
. London: Longman.

Dark, K. R. 1998.
Waves of Time: Long Term Change and International Relations
. New York: Continuum.

Darnell, J. C., and C. Manassa. 2007.
Tutankhamun’s Armies: Battle and Conquest during
Ancient Egypt’s Late Eighteenth Dynasty
. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Davies, N. de G. 1943.
The Tombs of Rekh-mi-Re’ at Thebes
(= PMMA, 11). New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Davis, J. L., ed. 1998.
Sandy Pylos. An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino
. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Davis, J. L. 2010. Pylos. In
The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean
, ed. E. H. Cline, 680–89. New York: Oxford University Press.

Deger-Jalkotzy, S. 2008. Decline, Destruction, Aftermath. In
The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age
, ed. C. W. Shelmerdine, 387–415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.