A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (78 page)

⁴⁵
R. Graham, ‘Letters of Cardinal Ottoboni’,
EHR
, 15 (1900), no. 26; F. M. Powicke,
The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307
(2nd edn, Oxford, 1962), 231.

⁴⁶
J. R. Maddicott, ‘The Crusade Taxation of 1268–1270 and the Development of Parliament’,
TCE
, ii (1988), 93–5, 101–2.

⁴⁷
R. Huscroft,
Expulsion: England’s Jewish Solution
(Stroud, 2006), 11, 63–5.

⁴⁸
Ibid., 43–6, 68.

⁴⁹
Ibid., 46–8, 54–6, 60.

⁵⁰
Ibid., 83–5, 90.

⁵¹
R. C. Stacey, ‘1240–60: A Watershed in Anglo-Jewish Relations?’,
Historical Research
, 61 (1988), 135–150.

⁵²
Huscroft,
Expulsion
, 91–2; Stacey, ‘Expulsion’, 93–4; idem, ‘1240–60: A Watershed’, 142–3.

⁵³
R. C. Stacey, ‘The English Jews under Henry III’,
The Jews in Medieval Britain: Historical, Literary and Archaeological Perspectives
, ed. P. Skinner (Woodbridge, 2003), 51. Note, however, that Edward and Montfort are not themselves named in the evidence for the raid on the exchequer: NA E159/33, m. 10.

⁵⁴
Maddicott, ‘Crusade Taxation’, 101–2, 109–10 and n.

⁵⁵
Prestwich,
Edward I, 62; DNB
, xxvi, 468; Powicke,
Henry III
, 523– 5, 709; K. B. McFarlane, ‘Had Edward I a “Policy” towards the Earls?’,
The Nobility of Later Medieval England
(Oxford, 1973), 254–7.

⁵⁶
Maddicott, ‘Crusade Taxation’, 103; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 127–9.

⁵⁷
KW
, i, 130, 150; D. A. Carpenter, ‘Westminster Abbey in Politics, 1258–1269’,
TCE
, viii (2001), 54–5.

⁵⁸
Powicke,
Henry III
, 575–6;
AM
, iv, 227; Maddicott, ‘Crusade Taxation’, 105–6 (only permission to assess was granted).

⁵⁹
S. Lloyd, ‘Gilbert de Clare, Richard of Cornwall and the Lord Edward’s Crusade’,
Nottingham Medieval Studies
, xxx (1986), 46–53.

⁶⁰
EHD
, iii, 204; J. R. Studd, ‘The Lord Edward’s Lordship of Chester, 1254–72’,
Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
, 128 (1979), 16–17.

⁶¹
Powicke,
Henry III
, 579. But it seems unlikely, given the chronicler’s silence, that Edward also went to France.

⁶²
Lloyd, ‘Gilbert de Clare’, 54; Maddicott, ‘Crusade Taxation’, 108–10.

⁶³
Lloyd, ‘Gilbert de Clare’, 55–62.

⁶⁴
Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 116–24; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 125.

⁶⁵
R. Huscroft, ‘Should I Stay or Should I Go? Robert Burnell, the Lord Edward’s Crusade and the Canterbury Vacancy of 1270–3’,
Nottingham Medieval Studies
, xlv (2001), 97, 102–5; Powicke,
Henry III
, 582; Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 28.

⁶⁶
Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 139, 142n; Studd,
Itinerary
, 130.

⁶⁷
Powicke,
Henry III
, 597–8.

⁶⁸
J. Dunbabin,
Charles I of Anjou: Power, Kingship and State-Making in Thirteenth-Century Europe
(Harlow, 1998), 3–5, 57, 194–7.

⁶⁹
Studd,
Itinerary
, 131.

⁷⁰
Ibid.; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 73–4.

⁷¹
Ibid., 74;
A History of the Crusades
, ed. K. M. Setton (6 vols., Philadelphia and Madison, 1955–89), ii, 517.

⁷²
Cron. Maior
, 131;
AM
, iv, 239–40; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 74–5.

⁷³
Riley-Smith,
The Crusades
, xvi, 40–5, 56–60, 61–4, 77–8.

⁷⁴
Ibid., 84–7, 156–7;
The Atlas of the Crusades
, ed. J. Riley-Smith (London, 1991), 98–9, 102–3.

⁷⁵
Riley-Smith,
The Crusades
200–3; R. Irwin,
The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate, 1250–1382
(London, 1986), 42–56.

⁷⁶
AM
, iv, 245. See also
Political Songs
, 132.

⁷⁷
Ibn al-Fur
t, 150.

⁷⁸
‘Annales de Terre Sainte’, ed. R. Röhricht,
Archives de l’Orient Latin
, ii (1884), 455; Ibn al-Fur
t, 151–2; ‘Gestes des Chiprois’,
Receuil des Historiens des Croisades: Documents Arméniens
, ed. C. Kohler, vol. 2(Paris, 1906), 778.

⁷⁹
D. Nicolle and A. McBride,
The Mamluks, 1250–1517
(London, 1993), 15; ‘Gestes des Chiprois’, 778.

⁸⁰
Ibid.; ‘L’Estoire de Eracles Empereur’,
Receuil des Historiens des Croisades: Historiens Occidentaux
, ed. A. Beugnot et al., vol. 2 (Paris, 1859), 461; Ibn al-Fur
t, 150.

⁸¹
‘Gestes des Chiprois’, 777–8; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 76–7.

⁸²
Cron. Maior
., 143.

⁸³
D. Morgan,
The Mongols
(Oxford, 1986), provides a good short survey.

⁸⁴
Powicke,
Henry III
, 600–1.

⁸⁵
Cron. Maior
., 143; Powicke,
Henry III
, 600, 602.

⁸⁶
‘L’Estoire de Eracles Empereur’, 461; Ibn al-Fur
t, xi.

⁸⁷
‘L’Estoire de Eracles Empereur’, 461; ‘Gestes des Chiprois’, 778–9; Ibn al-Fur
t, 155. For a description of Qaqun, see H. Kennedy,
Crusader Castles
(Cambridge, 1994), 35–7, 99.

⁸⁸
‘L’Estoire de Eracles Empereur’, 461.