A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (79 page)

⁸⁹
Ibn al-Fur
t, xi–xii, 156.

⁹⁰
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 75–6; Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 29; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 125; Ibn al-Fur
t, 157–9.

⁹¹
Ibid., 159; ‘Gestes des Chiprois’, 779; Guisborough, 208–10.

⁹²
Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 29–30.

⁹³
Foedera
, I, i, 495; Guisborough, 209–10.

⁹⁴
‘L’Estoire de Eracles Empereur’, 462; J. H. Pryor,
Commerce, Shipping and Naval Warfare in the Medieval Mediterranean
(London, 1987), 378–83; Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 29–30.

CHAPTER 4: THE RETURN OF THE KING

¹
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 252–3.

²
Ibid.; D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Burial of King Henry III, the Regalia and Royal Ideology’,
Reign of Henry III
, 429;
AM
, iv, 252.

³
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 74, but it took two months for messages to travel between England and Sicily.
Cron. Maior
., 158; Trivet, 284.

⁴
R. Bartlett,
England under the Norman and Angevin Kings
(Oxford, 2000), 123–7, provides an excellent short summary.

⁵
Foedera
, I, ii, 497;
HBC
, 30–1.

⁶
Cron. Maior
., 158.

⁷
Wait, ‘The Household and Resources of the Lord Edward’, 136–53.

⁸
DNB
, xlvi, 710;
Cron. Maior
., 158. The other conciliar casualty was Philip Basset. Powicke,
Henry III
, 532, 583, 586.

⁹
AM
, iv, 239–40.

¹⁰
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 370–1; R. Studd, ‘The Marriage of Henry of Almain and Constance of Béarn’,
TCE
, iii (1991), 176–7; Powicke,
Henry III
, 606–12.

¹¹
L. F. Salzman,
Edward I
(London, 1968), 34–5 T. F. Tout,
Edward the First
(London, 1893), 86, Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 30–1; R. Huscroft, ‘Robert Burnell and the Government of England’,
TCE
, viii (2001),
66
.

¹²
Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 280.

¹³
Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 31; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 188; M. Bloch,
Feudal Society
(2nd edn, 1962), 145–7.

¹⁴
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 346. The assertion that Louis afterwards said to his barons, ‘He is my man now, and he was not before’ was not made until half a century later, by which time it looks like mere wish-fulfilment on the part of the French.
Jean de Joinville, Histoire de St Louis
, ed. N. de Wailly (Paris, 1874), 65.

¹⁵
EHD
, iii, 376–9.

¹⁶
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 314.

¹⁷
Itinerary
, i, 16–17; Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 42; M. W. Labarge,
Gascony, England’s First Colony, 1204–1453
(London, 1980), 43, citing
Receuil d’actes relatifs à l’administration des Rois d’Angleterre en Guyenne au XIIIe siècle: Recogniciones feodorum in Aquitania
, ed. C. Bémont (Paris, 1914), 52 (no. 174); S. Raban,
A Second Domesday? The Hundred Rolls of 1279–80
(Oxford, 2004), 28–33.

¹⁸
Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 42–4; J. B. Smith, ‘Adversaries of Edward I: Gaston de Béarn and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd’,
Recognitions:
essays presented to Edmund Fryde
, ed. C. Richmond and I. M. W. Harvey (Aberystwyth, 1996), 68–70.

¹⁹
Raban,
Second Domesday
, 30–2; Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 46–7.

²⁰
Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 31;
Cron. Maior
, 170.

²¹
Itinerary
, i, 31;
Political Songs
, 128.

²²
AM
, iv, 259–60; NA SC1/7/46 (from
KW
, ii, 715). Cf. R. Strong,
Coronation: A History of Kingship and the British Monarchy
(London, 2005), 133.

²³
The Cambridge Urban History of Britain, vol. 1: 600–1540
, ed. D. M. Palliser (Cambridge, 2000), 215.

²⁴
P. Binski,
The Painted Chamber at Westminster
(London, 1986), 33–69; idem,
Westminster Abbey and the Plantagenets: Kingship and the Representation of Power 1200–1400
(New Haven and London, 1995), 130.

²⁵
Binski,
Westminster Abbey
, 130–2;
KW
, ii, 1044.

²⁶
Binski,
Westminster Abbey
, 130, 134.

²⁷
H. G. Richardson, ‘The Coronation in Medieval England’,
Traditio
, 16 (1960), 151–61, 171–3.

²⁸
D. A. Carpenter, ‘King Henry III and the Cosmati Work at Westminster Abbey’, and idem, ‘Burial of King Henry III’,
Reign of Henry III
, 409–26, 435–7; Binski,
Westminster Abbey
, 130.

²⁹
Strong,
Coronation
, 87–8; Carpenter, ‘Burial of King Henry III’, 443–54.

³⁰
J. R. Maddicott, ‘Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform’,
TCE
, i (1986), 10; W. Stubbs,
The Constitutional History of England
(3rd edn, Oxford, 1887), ii, 109n.

³¹
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 103–5; below, 366–7.

³²
Guisborough, 216, exhibits a similar confusion reporting the baronial reaction.

³³
D. A. Carpenter, ‘King, Magnates and Society: The Personal Rule of King Henry III, 1234–1258’,
Reign of Henry III
, 85–8, 99–106.

³⁴
Maddicott, ‘Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform’, 1–10. For a more positive assessment, cf. Huscroft, ‘Robert Burnell and the Government of England’,
passim
.

³⁵
DNB
, viii, 898–900. For the fullest treatment, see R. Huscroft, ‘The Political and Personal Life of Robert Burnell, Chancellor of Edward I’ (Ph.D. thesis, London, 2000).

³⁶
Huscroft, ‘Should I Stay or Should I Go?’,
passim;
idem, ‘Robert Burnell and the Government of England’, 65–6.

³⁷
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 64–5, 199, 475, 479;
HBC
, 85, 228.

³⁸
Maddicott, ‘Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform’, 19; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 63–4, 92–3.

³⁹
EHD
, iii, 392–6; Maddicott, ‘Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform’, 19.

⁴⁰
Ibid., 12–14.

⁴¹
Ibid., 19.

⁴²
Ibid., 11, 14;
EHD
, iii, 397–410.

⁴³
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 96; Huscroft, ‘Robert Burnell and the Government of England’, 69–70.

⁴⁴
Maddicott, ‘Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform’, 14–16;
EHD
, iii, 397, 409–10.

⁴⁵
Above, 16–17.

⁴⁶
Maddicott, ‘Edward I and the Lessons of Baronial Reform’, 23–5; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 479.

⁴⁷
Ibid., 31, 33–4, 37, 40, 42–3, 45–6.

⁴⁸
Kaeuper,
Bankers
, 135 –51;
EHD
, iii, 410; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 40; Davies,
Lordship and Society
, 119.

⁴⁹
Kaeuper,
Bankers
, 1–4, 75–86, 118–21, 164–5. Cf. Prestwich,
Edward I
, 240–1.