A World on Fire: Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War (178 page)

39.
Ibid., Stanley to Blanche, May 12, 1864.

40.
Mary Sophia Hill,
A British Subject’s Recollections of the Confederacy
(Baltimore, 1875), p. 90.

41.
Ibid., p. 62. The source for the footnote is PRO FO5/906, ff.104–7, d. 2, Coppell to Lord Russell, May 20, 1864.

42.
Hill,
A British Subject’s Recollections of the Confederacy
, p. 63.

43.
Belle Boyd,
Belle Boyd in Camp and Prison
(New York, 1865; repr. Baton Rouge, La., 1998), p. 197.

44.
Ruth Scarborough,
Siren of the South
(Macon, Ga., 1997), p. 157.

45.
Boyd,
Belle Boyd in Camp and Prison
, pp. 200–203.

46.
Stephen Z. Starr,
Colonel Grenfell’s Wars
(Baton Rouge, La., 1971), p. 126.

Chapter 30: “Can We Hold Out?”

 
1.
University College of North Wales, Bangor, Evans MSS 2854, ff. 63–69,
c.
June 1864.

 
2.
PRO FO5/1258, n. 73 enc. 2, Mary Sophia Hill to Lyons, June 17, 1864.

 
3.
PRO FO5/1258, n. 73 enc. 1, Coppell to Lyons, July 1, 1864.

 
4.
E. Milby Burton,
The Siege of Charleston
(Columbia, S.C., 1982), p. 285.

 
5.
Just fifteen blockade runners had been able to get out in May, but Feilden was able to put a few cotton bales on one of them for his own account. “All my English friends in the Blockade runners came to me for assistance and it was no great return if a bale of cotton was now and again taken out for me,” Feilden wrote later. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS, (11), Feilden to Julia, May 23, 1864.

 
6.
Ibid., (12), Feilden to Julia McCord, May 28, 1864.

 
7.
Ibid., (14), Feilden to Julia McCord, June 18, 1864.

 
8.
Ibid., (16), Feilden to Julia McCord, June 30, 1864.

 
9.
Jubal A. Early,
The Campaigns of Gen. Robert E. Lee: An Address by Lieut. General Jubal A. Early, Before Washington and Lee University, January 19th, 1872
(Baltimore, 1872), p. 42

10.
Brian Holden Reid,
Robert E. Lee
(London, 2005), p. 219.

11.
W. C. Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865
, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 2, p. 154, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, June 19, 1864.

12.
James Pendlebury MSS, private collection, p. 7.

13.
Francis W. Dawson,
Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861–1865
, ed. Bell I. Wiley (Baton Rouge, La., 1980), pp. 195–96, Dawson to Mother, June 1, 1864. His letters occasionally assumed a finality in their tone: “I feel how much I have sinned against your tender care and loving kindness!” he wrote. “Forgive me, my dear Parents, every unkind word and harsh thought.”

14.
Illustrated London News
, August 6, 1864.

15.
Edward Porter Alexander,
Military Memoirs of a Confederate
(New York, 1907), p. 564.

16.
OR, ser. 1, vol. 40/2, doc. 81, order from Secretary of War, June 25, 1864.

17.
Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden,
Hobart Pasha
(New York, 1915), p. 176.

18.
Ibid., pp. 180–81.

19.
A. S. Lewis (ed.),
My Dear Parents
(New York, 1982), p. 92.

20.
University College of North Wales, Bangor, Evans MSS 2854, ff. 74–75, July 4, 1864.

21.
PRO 30/22/38, f. 71, Lyons to Russell, July 15, 1864.

22.
West Sussex RO, Lyons MSS, box 302, Lord Lyons to Augusta, July 13 and 15, 1864.

23.
Ibid., Lyons to Augusta, June 2, 1864.

24.
University College of North Wales, Bangor, Evans MSS 2854, f. 82, July 21, 1864.

25.
Mark E. Neely,
The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties
(New York, 1991), pp. 110–11.

26.
PRO 30/22/38, f. 74, Lyons to Lord Russell, July 22, 1864.

27.
Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals
(New York, 2005), p. 646.

28.
Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters
, vol. 2, pp. 168–69, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Henry Adams, July 27, 1864; Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Henry Adams, July 22, 1864.

29.
OR, ser. 1, vol. 40/3, doc. 82, p. 489, General Birney to Foster, July 26, 1864.

30.
PRO FO/1281, Memorial of Edward Sewell; Private Sewell of the 93rd New York Volunteers was recovering from dysentery in a military hospital when he had heard from other patients “that we were likely to have liberty to go to New York to vote for the President.… I at once conceived the notion of escaping and gave my name and represented my state to be New York. On the fifth passes were given to us, and on the sixth I and many others went to New York by Railway. I arrived at New York on the seventh. I immediately went to the house of a friend named Eiglaugh. I told him my story and arranged with him, to obtain me a Berth on board a steamer for England.”

31.
Howard Westwood,
Black Troops, White Commanders, and Freedmen During the Civil War
(Carbondale Ill., 1992), p. 32; Gabor S. Boritt,
Lincoln’s Generals
(New York, 1995), p. 147.

32.
Alexander,
Military Memoirs
, p. 569.

33.
Ulysses S. Grant,
Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
(New York, 2003), p. 505.

34.
The Times
, August 23, 1864.

35.
Frederick W. Seward (ed.),
Seward at Washington
(New York, 1891), p. 238, Seward to Frances, August 5, 1864.

36.
Grant,
Memoirs
, p. 506.

37.
Adam Badeau,
Military History of Ulysses S. Grant,
3 vols. (New York, 1885), vol. 2, p. 502.

38.
Richard Bache Irwin,
History of the Nineteenth Army Corps
(New York, 1892), p. 442.

39.
Dawson,
Reminiscences
, p. 123.

40.
Ibid., p. 201, Dawson to mother, August 7, 1864.

41.
Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters
, vol. 2, p. 181, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Henry Adams, August 13, 1864.

42.
Lewis (ed.),
My Dear Parents,
p. 92.

43.
Timothy Holmes (ed.),
David Livingstone: Letters and Documents, 1861–1872
(London, 1990), pp. 85, 73, Livingstone to James Young, February 19, 1862, Livingstone to James Young,
c.
July–August 1863. The source for the footnote is George Seaver,
David Livingstone: His Life and Letters
(London, 1957), p. 453.

44.
William Garden Blaikie,
Personal Life of David Livingstone
, p. 339.

45.
Holmes (ed.),
David Livingstone: Letters and Documents
, p. 96; David Livingstone to Charles Livingstone, September 2, 1864.

46.
The Times
, September 20, 1864.

47.
Frank E. Vandiver (ed.),
The Civil War Diary of Josiah Gorgas
(Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1947), p. 132, August 8, 1864.

48.
The Times
, September 24, 1864.

49.
Vandiver (ed.),
The Civil War Diary of Josiah Gorgas
, p. 137, August 29, 1864.

Chapter 31: The Crisis Comes

 
1.
James M. McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
(London, 1988), p. 751.

 
2.
OR ser. 1, vol. 35/2, doc. 66, p. 615, Feilden to Gorgas, August 20, 1864.

 
3.
South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS (22), Feilden to Julia McCord, September 1, 1864.

 
4.
Ibid., (20), Feilden to Julia McCord, August 26, 1864.

 
5.
John B. Jones,
A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital
, ed. Earl Schenck Miers (Urbana, Ill., 1958), p. 414, August 25, 1864.

 
6.
Philip Van Doren Stern,
When the Guns Roared: World Aspects of the American Civil War
(New York, 1965), pp. 314–15.

 
7.
ORN, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 1202, Benjamin to Colin McRae, September 6, 1864.

 
8.
John Bierman,
Dark Safari: The Life Behind the Legend of Henry Morton Stanley
(New York, 1990), p. 38. See also Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes, Jr. (ed.),
Sir Henry Morton Stanley, Confederate
(Baton Rouge, La., 2000), pp. 150–54.

 
9.
July 12, 1864, and August 6, 1864; quoted in James McPherson,
Tried by War
(New York, 2009), pp. 231–32.

10.
PRO 30/22/38, ff. 91–94, Lyons to Russell, August 15, 1864, and f. 95, August 23, 1864.

11.
ORN, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 1032, Benjamin to Slidell, February 19, 1864. The Knights of the Golden Circle also boasted Harpending and Rubery—the California raiders—as members. Other members included Jesse James, John Wilkes Booth, and the rampaging Quantrill’s Raiders in Missouri. The secretive order answered only to itself, but its aims included an independent South, the protection of slavery, and the acquisition of territory from Mexico.

12.
OR, ser. 4, vol. 3, pp. 585–86, Clay to Benjamin, August 11, 1864.