Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) (123 page)

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Aberdeen, 144, 147, 161, 175, 202, 215, 221, 224, 225, 226, 235, 236, 237, 249

Aiguillon, Anne-Charlotte, duchesse d’, 344–5, 356, 464, 549

Albano, palazzo Savelli at, 4, 14, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 39, 43, 44, 71, 84, 179, 482, 484, 549

Albermarle, William, earl of, 274, 289–90, 294, 299, 301

Alberoni, Cardinal Giulio, 17, 18, 19, 21

Alfieri, Vittorio, 517–18, 521, 523–5, 526, 528, 529–30, 535, 536, 538, 543, 545

Alloa, 168, 206, 207, 416

Amelot de Chaillou, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 92, 99, 102

Antibes, 82, 85–7

Antwerp, 397, 419, 421

Ardshiel, Charles Stewart of (
see also
Appin Stewarts), 137, 145, 156, 178–9, 212, 257, 348

Argenson, Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy, comte d’, 79, 90, 92, 93, 98, 101–2, 108, 114, 115, 310, 311, 324, 343, 359, 408

Argenson, Réné Louis de Voyer, marquis d’, 113, 115, 167, 310, 315, 316, 317, 319, 342, 347, 369, 383, 384

Ashbourne, 187, 197

Atholl brigade, 149, 151, 152, 153, 168, 170, 184, 206, 207, 208, 218, 222, 228–9, 237, 238, 241, 244, 252, 253, 255, 259

Atholl country, 137, 139, 140, 221, 228–9, 231, 239

Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 31, 65

Australia, 518, 550

Austria, and the Jacobites, 8, 17, 33, 37, 48–9, 50, 51, 65, 87–8, 103, 119, 122, 381, 411, 425, 429–30, 474, 477, 528

Avignon, 2, 25, 26, 87, 106, 108, 109, 112, 121, 318, 327, 329, 333, 341, 366, 367, 368, 371–7, 380, 384, 386, 387, 416, 422, 435, 438, 447, 469, 472, 482, 483, 500

Balhaldy, William MacGregor of, 66, 80, 81, 82, 95, 102, 103, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 117, 119

Balmerino, Arthur Elphinstone, Lord, 164, 176, 180, 257, 309, 417; Balmerino’s horse, 208, 254

Bannockburn, 145, 203–17, 218, 220, 232, 416, 417, 425

Barisdale, Coll MacDonell of, 161, 164, 178, 202, 239

Barra (island), 128, 269, 277, 278

Barrymore, James Barry, earl of, 90, 93, 170–1, 172, 173, 186, 187, 189

Basle, 389, 400, 433–6, 439

Beaufort, Henry, Duke of, 396, 398

Belle-Isle (place), 121–2

Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, maréchal comte de, 359, 449, 456–8

Benbecula, 267, 268, 271, 277, 280, 281, 304

Benedict XIII, pope, 17–19, 23, 28, 31, 68

Benedict XIV, pope (Prospero Lambertini), 51, 56, 59, 68, 69, 71, 88, 95, 98, 102, 123, 166, 275, 305, 319, 329–30, 333, 334, 355, 371–7, 380, 381, 468–70, 533

Berlin, 383, 384, 391, 400, 402, 410–11

Bernis, Francois Joaquim, cardinal de, 13, 344, 369, 449, 497, 526, 535

Berryer, Nicolas-René, 337, 366

Berwick (place), 155, 156, 174

Berwick, James Francis, 2nd duke of (formerly duke of Liria), 24–5, 38, 44, 47, 48, 95, 554; mission to Russia, 24, 33; high esteem of, for Charles Edward, 24–5, 33, 38–41, 59; death of, 59

Blair Castle (
see also
Atholl country), 140, 222, 229, 233, 236

Boisdale, Alexander MacDonald of, 129–30, 266, 273, 278

Bolingbroke, Henry St John, viscount, 34, 43, 96

Bologna, 21–9, 31, 50–1, 56, 371, 372, 380, 381, 382, 383, 477, 481, 489, 493, 499, 544, 545, 550

Borrodale, Ranald MacDonald of, 130

Bouillon family (
see also
Louise de Montbazon), 105, 114, 115, 311, 322, 330, 336–42, 463, 488, 533

Bradstreet, Dudley, 190–1

Brussels, 407, 421, 425, 440, 496, 499

Bulkeley, general François, comte de, 57, 114, 308, 345, 353, 357, 361, 367, 382

Bussy, François de, 89–90, 92

Cameron, clan, 133, 136, 142, 148, 152, 153, 154, 158, 160, 176, 177, 206, 207, 208, 223, 227, 237, 239, 240, 245, 256, 268, 304

Cameron, Dr Archibald, 132, 139, 301–2, 305, 320, 322, 408, 409, 410, 411, 413–14

Cameron, Donald of Glenpean, 293–5

Cameron of Clunes, 299–302

Campbell, clan, 125, 165, 176, 177, 179, 207, 231, 252, 253, 256, 289, 299

Canna (isle), 130, 267

Carlisle, 182, 188, 199–200, 205; siege of, 183–4, 217

Carte, Thomas, 107, 404

Carvajal y Lancáster, José de, 320–2

Caryll, John, 3rd Lord, 463, 492, 495, 496, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 508, 510, 511, 512, 513, 541, 547

Catherine I, czarina of Russia, 24

Catherine II (‘the Great’), czarina of Russia, 461, 531

Charles III of Spain, 38–42, 472, 478, 481

Charles Edward, prince (‘Charles III’ of England): life chances of, 5–6, 553; birth of, 7–8; baptism of, 8; rearing of, 9–12, education of, 12–13, 23–4, 33, 34, 47, 72; created Knight of the Garter by his father, 14; and rift between his parents, 19–20; physical progress of, 21, 26, 31, 34, 47; in Bologna, 21–9; in Parma and Piacenza (1728), 27; returns to Rome, 29; scheme to educate in Switzerland, 34; and Gaeta campaign (1734), 38–41; tour of in northern Italy (1737), 49–57; reaches majority, 72; proposed early marriage partners for, 69–70; on his father’s council, 71; prepares to depart for France (January 1744), 82–3; departs Rome, 83–4; journey to Paris, 83–7; at Antibes, 85–7; in Paris 89–90; at Gravelines, 91–6; letters to and from Marshal Saxe, 93–5; in Paris (1744), 100–4; at Fitzjames, 104, 110, 114–15; at Navarre, 115, 118–19, 121, 317, 336; plans a campaign in Scotland, 111–13, 115–18; visits Paris clandestinely, 114–15; and final arrangements with Walsh, 118–119; excludes his father from his plan to go it alone, 119; and the ‘Seven Men of Moidart’, 119–20, 122; explains his ’45 strategy to his father, 122–3; rationality of his ’45 strategy, 122–6; voyages to Scotland, 127–8; lands in Scotland, 129; on Eriskay, 128–30; at Lochailort and Borrodale, 130–3; raises the clans, 129–31; interviews Lochiel, 131–3; at Kinlochmoidart, 133–5; appoints Murray of Broughton as his secretary, 135; raises standard at Glenfinnan, 135–6; price on the head of, 135, 137, 144, 223, 281, 290; at the Corriearrack Pass, 137–9; at Blair Castle, 140; at Perth, 140–5; captures Edinburgh, 145–8; enters Edinburgh 148–9; defeats Cope at
Prestonpans
, 150–6; sojourn at Edinburgh, 156–81; sets up Jacobite Council, 156–8; on Council, 168–72; Scottish policies of, 163–4; and decision to invade England, 168–75; rationality of his invasion decision, 173–4; and itinerary into England, 174–5; invades England, 182–3; and siege of Carlisle, 183–4; and journey through Lancashire to Preston, 184–6; in Manchester, 186–7; at Derby, 187–96; and trauma of Derby, 196; state of mind of, on retreat to Scotland, 196–7, 199–201; returns to Scotland, 200–1; in Glasgow 201–3; ill at Bannockburn, 203–12; takes Clementina Walkinshaw as his mistress, 205–6, 212, 214; wins battle of Falkirk, 207–11; gloom of, in sequel to Falkirk, 211–12; forced to retreat to the Highlands, 215–17; on the retreat, 217–19; at Council in Crieff, 220–1; at Blair Castle, 222–3; at Ruthven in Badenoch, 222–3; at Moy Hall, 223–4; at Inverness, 224–33;
hors de combat
in February and March 1746, 233; puts brave face on April disasters, 235–7; fails to dispute passage of the Spey, 237–9; and night march on Nairn, 241–7; commands at battle of Culloden, 241, 249–62; disbands army, 262–4; fugitive on the Scottish mainland after Culloden, 265–7; 289–307; fugitive on Scottish islands after Culloden, 267–88; meets Flora MacDonald, 280; as ‘Betty Burke’, 280–6, 306, 382; Whig plans to execute after Culloden, 290–1; in ‘Cluny’s Cage’ on Ben Alder, 303–5; leaves Scotland, 306–7, lands at Roscoff, 308; arrives in Paris, 310; at Clichy, 311, 315–16; growing conflict of, with Versailles, 311–17; travels to Spain (1747), 318–22; attempts to secure a dynastic marriage, 323–6; hoodwinked by his father and brother, 327–33; in Paris, 316–18, 323–6; at Passy, 330–1, 333; at St-Ouen, 331, 336–8; breach of with his brother Henry, 332; other attempts to marry in France and after, 335, 348–9, 383, 389, 400; affair with duchesse de Montbazon, 336–42, 347; moves back to Paris, 338; affair with Princesse de Talmont, 346–8, 378–9, 386–94; defiance of France over Aix-la-Chapelle treaty, 348–68; ordered to leave France by his father, 357–8; arrest of (1748), 362–8; international reaction to arrest of, 369–70; in Avignon, 371–7; in hiding in Paris and Luneville, 378–94; goes to London (1750), 397–9; converts to Protestantism, 399, 412; in Germany, 400; relations with Frederick the Great, 400–2; and Elibank Plot, 403–13, 418, 419, 420, 427, 428, 430; resumes affair with Clementina Walkinshaw, 406–7, 415–16; evades Hanoverian secret agents, 382–85, 413, 434; of no fixed abode (1751–2), 413, 416, 434; settles in Ghent (1752), 416–21; turbulent relationship with Clementina Walkinshaw, 416–29, 438–9; lives in Liège (1753), 421–5; moves to Paris (1754), 425–32; birth of daughter Charlotte, 422; final breach of, with Earl Marischal, 427–31; lives in Basle (1754–6) 432–9; false sightings of, 384, 434; leaves Basle for Liège, 439; in Liège (1756–8), 439–47; marriage plans of (1757), 441; moves to Bouillon, 447; in Bouillon (1758–65), 447–66; protracted correspondence of, with his father, 437–46; and French invasion plans during the Seven Years War, 447–54; interview of, with Choiseul (1759), 450; breakdown of (1760), 458–60; returns to Rome on death of his father (1766), 469–79; fails to be recognised as Charles III, 470–9; in Rome, 480–7, 492–3, 495–8, 500–5; trips of, from Rome to Tuscany, 487–90, 493; marriage plans of, 488, 492–6; journeys to Paris (1771), 494–5; marries Louise of Stolberg (1772), 499; moves from Rome to Tuscany (1774) 508–9; in Florence 509–45; breakdown of marriage of, 516–17, 523–4; recovers from serious illness (1783), 530; and freemasonry, 533–5, 548; recognizes
daughter
Charlotte and invites her to Florence, 539–42; with daughter in last years, 542–50; in Rome at end of life (1786–8), 547–50; death of, 549, burial of, 550

Personality, character and attributes of:
personality of, 74–6, 552–3, 555; physical appearance of, 60, 73, 486, 490–1; intellectual abilities of, 72, 352, 553; wit and humour of, 33, 160–1, 282, 283, 309, 490, 553, 555; intellectual interests of, 60, 344–5; love of books of, 519–21; love of music of; 60, 74, 311, 482, 520; love of theatre and opera, 60–1, 482, 540; attitude of, to religion, 46, 348–9, 399, 407, 422, 428–9, 453–4, 470, 476, 481, 502; as hunter, 31, 47, 59–60, 272, 333–4, 461, 467, 482; as dancer, 30, 52, 55–7, 61, 144, 162, 204, 235, 304, 375; as golf player, 28; appeal of, for women, 55, 73, 148–9, 162–3, 186, 264, 280, 489; difficulties of, in forming satisfactory relationships with women, 46, 73, 161, 162–3, 204, 216, 235–6, 243–4, 247–8, 305, 347, 393–4, 521–2; merciful and compassionate nature of, 154–5, 159–61, 213, 282, 309, 336, 365–6, 405, 464, 465; psychological problems (guilt, depression, paranoia); 74–5, 98, 196, 204, 212, 215–17, 235–6, 246–7, 258, 261, 263–4, 267, 269, 273, 281, 292, 297, 301, 304–5, 312, 321, 325, 333, 334, 335, 347, 361, 364, 393, 414, 430, 431–2, 433, 478, 482–3, 507, 519, 520, 524, 549, 553, 554; illnesses of, 29, 31, 35, 37, 44, 60, 81, 113, 203–4, 214, 224, 226–7, 232–3, 367–8, 422, 434–5, 439, 455; suffers from seasickness, 41, 121, 267; liking of for alcohol, and alcoholism, 123, 269–71, 273, 285–6, 302–3, 306, 316, 333–4, 421, 433, 434–5, 437, 440–1, 447, 453, 455, 459–60, 463, 467, 482–3, 484, 485, 504, 513, 521, 524, 538; financial problems of, 104–6, 117–18, 141, 169, 233–5, 316–17, 419, 434–5, 441, 455, 464, 484, 488, 492, 502, 506–8, 516, 526–7, 530, 531–2, 535; legatee of Sobieski fortune, 104–6; political abilities of, 552; strategic and tactical abilities of, 173, 241–3, 249–61; 552; and the American Revolution, 510, 518–19, 530; self-destructive tendencies of, 199–200, 212, 214, 235–6, 239, 251, 261, 297, 312, 323, 325, 352, 361, 406, 412, 421, 461, 470, 508; as master of disguise, 385

Relationships
: with women,
see
Duchesse de Montbazon, Duchesse d’Aiguillon, Princesse de Talmont, Clementina Walkinshaw, Louise of Stolberg, and Clementina Sobieska; with men,
see
James Stuart, Henry Stuart, Lord George Murray, Earl Marischal Keith, duke of Berwick, Louis XV

Charles XII of Sweden, 310, 362, 461, 517

Charlotte Stuart, duchess of Albany, 422, 423, 425–6, 427, 432, 439, 440, 441, 448, 450, 455, 456, 457, 459, 465, 503–4, 539–50

Chauvelin, Germain Louis de Grisenoy, 34

Chisholms, 178

Choiseul, Joseph de, marquis de Stainville, 344, 381, 449–54, 456, 465, 472, 477, 478, 481–2, 492–3, 533

Clancarty, Robert MacCarty, earl of, 315, 317, 447

Clanranald, clan, 120, 128, 129–30, 133, 148, 153, 170, 177, 178, 223, 228, 239, 240, 256, 280, 281, 282, 283, 290, 292

Clanranald, Ranald of (‘Young Clanranald’), 130, 131, 135, 136, 156, 178, 179, 181, 188, 212, 256, 266, 268, 291–2, 293

Clare, Charles O’Brien, viscount, 114, 121, 234, 401, 404, 408, 424

Clement XII, Pope, 30, 32, 38, 44, 45, 47, 50, 57, 67–8, 532–3

Clement XIII, Pope, 470–9, 482, 483–4, 486

Clement XIV, pope, 486–7, 493–4, 497–8, 500–1, 503

Clifton, skirmish at, 198–9, 226

Cope, Sir John, 125, 126, 136–40, 143, 144, 146, 147–8, 149–50, 151–6, 158, 161, 169, 174, 195, 202, 214

Cordara, Giulio, 59, 533

Corradale, the prince on, 271–6, 277, 278, 280

Corriearrack pass, 137–9, 147, 149

Corsica, 70, 384, 434

Cotton, Sir John Hynde, 70–1, 172, 173, 189

Craon, Marc de Beavau, Prince de, 61, 290

Crieff, 138, 220–1, 222, 409

Cromarty, George Mackenzie, earl of, 202, 222, 228, 234, 239

Cruise, father John, 107, 404

Culloden, battle of, 143, 151, 181, 226, 237, 239, 240–61, 263, 274, 281, 289, 292, 296, 303, 309, 325, 334, 355, 370, 436, 464, 470, 480, 483, 557

Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, 48, 126, 154, 159, 174, 181, 186, 187, 188, 191, 194, 196, 197, 198, 199, 212, 213, 214–15, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225–6, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231–2, 233, 235, 236–60, 263, 265, 268, 274, 275, 284, 287, 289, 290, 300, 301, 304, 309, 321, 335, 344, 396, 397, 398, 400, 464, 557

Daniel, John, 185, 224–5, 257

Defoe, Daniel, 63, 64

Derby, 143, 163, 180, 186, 187–96, 198, 200, 203, 205, 212, 217, 247, 312, 334, 459, 493, 519, 553, 556

Diderot, Denis, 290, 310

Drummond, Lord John, 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 211, 222, 226, 227, 230, 231, 238, 242, 244, 245, 246, 252, 255, 256, 271, 274, 311

Dunbar,
see
Murray, James of Stormont

Dundee, 141, 175