Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism (141 page)

15
  See Bookchin,
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 132

16
  Thucydides,
History of the Peloponnesian War
, op. cit.; quoted in Bookchin, ibid., p. 130

17
  See Martin Small, ‘Athenian Democracy’,
Anarchy
, 45 (November 1964), p. 343

1
    See Bookchin,
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 195

2
    Jacques Ellul, ‘Anarchism and Christianity’,
Katallagete
, 7, 3 (1980), 14–24

3
    See Kenneth Rexroth,
Communalism: From its Origins to the Twentieth Century
, op. cit., p. 25

4
    Gray,
The Socialist Tradition
, op. cit., pp. 35–8

5
    St Ambrose,
The Duties of the Clergy
, Book 1, ch. 28

6
    See Franz Neumann,
The Democratic and Authoritarian State
(New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1957), p. 6

7
    
St Francis of Assissi. His Life and Writings as Recorded by His Contemporaries
, trans. L. Sherley-Price (A. R. Mowbray, 1959), p. 145

8
    William Blake
Complete Writings
, ed. Geoffrey Keynes (Oxford University Press, 1974). pp. 689. 402, 400, 600, 158, 151, 393, 401; see also my
William Blake: Visionary Anarchist
(Freedom Press, 1988), pp. 34–42

9
    Blake,
Complete Writings
, op. cit., pp. 615, 158, 395, 879, 413

10
  Godwin,
Sketches of History
, in
Six Sermons
(T. Cadell, 1784), pp. 5, 20

11
  See my
William Godwin
(New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 26–8

12
  Proudhon,
Selected Writings
, op. cit., pp. 156, 223, 221

13
  Stimer,
The Ego and Its Own
, op. cit., p. 239

14
  Bakunin,
God and the State
in
The Essential Works of Anarchism
, ed. Marshall S. Shatz (New York: Bantam, 1971), pp. 135

15
  Ibid., pp. 136, 138

16
  Bakunin,
Oeuvres
(1910), IV, quoted in
Anarchist Reader
, op. cit., p. 88

17
  Adin Ballou,
Non Resistance and Government
(1839), in
Patterns of Anarchy
, eds. Leonard I. Krimerman & Lewis Perry (New York: Anchor, 1966), pp. 141, 143, 148–9

18
  Tolstoy,
A Confession. The Gospel in Brief, and What I Believe
, trans. Aylmer Maude (Oxford University Press, 1974), pp. 531–2

19
  Tolstoy,
Patriotism and Government, Works
, op. cit., XLVI, 1, 261

20
  Ammon Hennacy,
Autobiography of a Catholic Anarchist
(New York: Catholic Worker Books, 1954), p. 128

21
  Dorothy Day,
The Long Loneliness
(New York: Harper & Row, 1952), p. 286

22
  Hennacy,
Autobiography of a Catholic Anarchist
, op. cit., p. 130

23
  Ibid., pp. 365, 368

24
  Ibid., preface

25
  Nicholas Berdyaev,
Slavery and Freedom
, trans. E. M. French (Geoffrey Bles, 1943), in
Patterns
of Anarchy
, op. cit., pp. 155, 159, 153

26
  Berdyaev, quoted in Ellul, ‘Anarchism and Christianity’, op. cit., p. 22

27
  Berdyaev,
Slavery and Freedom
, in
Patterns of Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 152

28
  Ibid., p. 160

29
  Ciaron O’Reilly, ‘The Anarchist Implication of Christian Discipleship’,
Social Alternatives
, II, 3 (1982), 11

1
    See Ahmad Amin,
The Dawn of Islam
(Beirut, 1969). Translated for me by Bargas Hatem.

2
    See Norman Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages
(Paladin, 1984), p. 148

3
    Ibid., p. 177

4
    Ibid., p. 178

5
    Ibid., p. 179

6
    Ibid., p. 183

7
    Ibid., pp. 184, 185

8
    See George H. Williams,
The Radical Reformation
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1962), p. 61

9
    Quoted in
A Radical Reader: The struggle for Change in England, 1381–1914
, ed, Christopher Hampton (Penguin, 1984), p. 51

10
  Ibid., p. 62

11
  Quoted in Rexroth,
Communalism
, op. cit., p. 69

12
  Quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 215

13
  See Rexroth,
Communalism
, op. cit., p. 86

14
  Ibid., p. 91

15
  Quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 215

16
  Peter Chelčický,
The Net of Faith
, trans. into German by Carl Vogl (Munich, 1925), p. 145, quoted in Rudolf Rocker,
Nationalism and Culture
, op. cit., p. 109

17
  Rocker, ibid.; Kropotkin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 11

18
  Williams,
The Radical Reformation
, op. cit., p. 846

19
  Quoted in Rexroth,
Communalism
, op. cit., pp. 104–5.

20
  Quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 255

21
  Quoted in Rexroth,
Communalism
, op. cit., p. 125

1
    See Christopher Hill,
The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the Revolution
(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978), p. 123; A.L. Morton,
The World of the Ranters: Religious Radicalism in the English Revolution
(Lawrence & Wishart, 1979), pp. 70–1

2
    
The Works of Gerrard Winstanley
, ed. G. H. Sabine (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1941)
(hereafter referred to as Works)
, p. 199

3
    Gerrard Winstanley,
The True Levellers’ Standard Advanced
(1649), quoted by Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 288

4
    Hill,
The World Turned Upside Down
, op. cit., p. 154

5
    Ibid, p. 48

6
    See D. W. Petegorsky,
Left-wing Democracy in the English Civil War: A Study of the Social Philosophy of Gerrard Winstanley
(Victor Gollancz, 1940), p. 161

7
    Winstanley,
The Law of Freedom and Other Writings
, ed. Christopher Hill (Cambridge University Press, 1983), p. 128
(hereafter known as Writings)

8
    See Hill, ‘Introduction’, Winstanley,
Writings
, op. cit., p. 30. Cf. Leslie S. A. Jones,
The Digger Movement 1649
(Hyde Park Pamphlet, n.d.), pp. 7–8

9
    Winstanley,
A Declaration from the Poor Oppressed People of England
(June, 1649),
Writings
, op. cit., p. 108

10
  Winstanley,
A Watch-Word to the City of London
(August 1649),
Writings
, op. cit., p. 128

11
  Winstanley,
The Saint’s Paradice or the Fathers Teaching the only Satisfaction to Waiting Souls
(?1648), p. 78

12
  Winstanley,
True Levellers’ Standard, Writings
, op. cit., p. 77

13
  Ibid., 78

14
  Cf. Hill, ‘Introduction’, Winstanley,
Writings
, op. cit., p. 41;
The World Turned Upside Down
, op. cit., p. 135

15
  Winstanley,
The New Law of Righteousness
(1649), p. 6

16
  Ibid., p. 5

17
  Winstanley,
Works
, op. cit., p. 159

18
  Ibid., p. 283

19
  Quoted in Woodcock,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 44

20
  Hill,
The World Turned Upside Down
, op. cit., p. 134

21
  See Edmund Dell, ‘Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers’,
The Modern Quarterly
, IV, 138–9 and Hill,
The World Turned Upside Down
, op. cit., pp. 134–5

22
  Winstanley,
The Law of Freedom, Writings
, op. cit., p. 295

23
  Ibid., p. 302

24
  Winstanley,
A New-year’s Gift for the Parliament and Armie
(1650),
Writings
, op. cit., p. 170

25
  Winstanley,
The Law of Freedom, Writings
, op. cit., p. 305

26
  Ibid., pp. 374, 357

27
  Ibid., p. 276

28
  Hill,
The World Turned Upside Down
, op. cit., p. 134

29
  Lawrence Clarkson,
A Single Eye All Light No Darkness; or Light and Darkness One
(1650), quoted in Morton,
The World of the Ranters
, op. cit., p. 134

30
  Godwin,
History of the Commonwealth of England
(H. Colburn, 1824–8), III, 82

31
  Woodcock,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 41

32
  Thomas Collier,
A Looking-Glasse for the Quakers
(1657), p. 73

33
  Joseph Salmon,
Heights in Depths
(1651), p. 15, quoted in Morton,
The World of the Ranters
, op. cit., pp. 94–5

34
  Winstanley,
Works
, op. cit., p. 539

35
  Quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 289

36
  William Penn, Preface to Fox’s
Journal
, I, xlix; quoted in Hill,
The World Turned Upside Down
, op. cit., p. 253

37
  Quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 291

38
  Clarkson,
A Single Eye All Light
, op. cit., quoted in Morton,
The World of the Ranters
, op. cit., p. 134

39
  Clarkson,
A Single Eye All Light
, op. cit., quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 311

40
  Ibid., p. 313

41
  Ibid., p. 312

42
  Ibid., p. 183

43
  Ibid., p. 302

44
  Abiezer Coppe,
A Second Fiery Flying Roule
(1649), p. 12

45
  George Fox,
Gospel-Truth
(1656), p. 81

46
  Winstanley,
The Law of Freedom, Writings
, op. cit., p. 388

47
  Coppe,
A Second Fiery Flying Roule
, op. cit., p. 13

48
  
The Routing of the Ranters
(1650), quoted in Cohn,
The Pursuit of the Millennium
, op. cit., p. 297

49
  Coppe,
A Second Fiery Flying Roule
, op. cit., p. 3–4

50
  
A Fiery Flying Roll
(1649), p. 2

51
  Ibid., p. 5

52
  
A Second Fiery Flying Roule
, op. cit., p. 15

53
  
A Fiery Flying Roll
, op. cit., p. 4