Exit the Colonel (57 page)

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Authors: Ethan Chorin

39
al-KaÅ¡f, “Ê¿an Waṯīqat Muwāfaqat Lundun Ê¿ala TaslÄ«m Bal-Ḥāǧ ʾilā LÄ«bÄ«yā,” aÅ¡-Å arq al-Awsaá¹­, April 10, 2012.
41
Andy Worthington, “The Death of Rendition Victim Ibn al-Shaykh al Libi,” in
Commentaries, The Future of Freedom Foundation
, May 11, 2009; Dana Priest, “Al Qaeda-Iraq Link Recanted,”
Washington Post
, August 1, 2004.
42
And a prime example cited by those who argue that torture fails to produce reliable information (and indeed often produces either useless or counter-productive data), independent of any moral considerations.
44
“as-Siǧīn as-Sābiq fÄ« Ä uāntānāmÅ« Sufyān bin QÅ«mÅ«: Anā Lastu min al-Qāʿidah . . . sa-ʾUqātil RayÊ¿ ar-Rāyāt as-Sawdaʾ',” al-Aḥwal, May 16, 2012.
46
Phillipe Sands, “Terrorists and Torturers,” in
The United States and Torture
, Cohn, ed., p. 277.
47
At this point, there is no indication that the US or other countries complied with Algerian suggestions or requests. Chorin interview with Wayne White, March 8, 2012.
49
Ben Hubbard, “Documents Show Ties between Libyan Spy Head, CIA,” Associated Press, September 4, 2011.
50
The stain metaphor was repeated in President Obama's 2009 “New Beginnings” speech and Samantha Power's subsequent remarks during the 2011 uprising.
51
Stéphane Lacroix,
Awakening Islam
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard Universtiy Press, 2011), p. 206.
52
Daya Gamage, “Intelligence Partnership between Libya and the CIA on Counterterrorism,”
Asian Tribune
, March 21, 2011; see
Asiantribune.com
.
53
Ironic, given that the main focus of LIFG activity was unseating Gaddafi—both before and during the upcoming revolution.
54
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
55
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
CHAPTER 7
1
According to Hussein al Shafa'i, interviewed by a Human Rights Watch witness.
3
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
4
“Muḏakkirāt BÅ« Slaym,”
al-Lībī
, July 26, 2011, pp. 12–14.
5
Ibid.
6
Claudia Gazzini, “Talking back: Exiled Libyans Use the Web to Push for Change,”
Arab Media & Society
, February 2007.
7
CNN, “In Libya, 11 reportedly die in cartoon protests,” February 18, 2006.
8
Spiritual leader behind the International Muslim Brotherhood and host of a widly popular religious program, As-sharia wa al-Hayat (Shari'a and Life), on Al Jazeera.
10
Mathieu Guidère,
Le Choc des Revolutions Arabes.
(Paris: Editions Autrement, 2011), p. 104.
11
Chorin interview with Fred Abrahams, April 2012.
12
Aisha al-Rumi (pseudonym), “Libyan Berbers struggle to assert their identity online,”
Arab Media & Society
, Spring 2009, p. 6.
13
Ibid., pp. 4, 6.
14
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
15
Dirk Vandewalle,
A History of Modern Libya
, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 200.
17
Ibid.
18
ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Šalġam,
Ašḫāṣ ḥawl al-Qaḏḏāfī
(Dubai: Dār al-Farǧiyānī/Madārik Publishers, 2012), p. 495.
20
David Rose, “The Lockerbie Deal,”
Vanity Fair
, January 27, 2011.
21
Ibid.
22
Timeline: Lockerbie Bomber's Release, August 29, 2011.
25
Wikileaks source withdrawn from Web.
30
Saif Gaddafi, “Now Indistinguishable from his Father,”
New York Magazine
, May 22, 2011; see
http://nymag.com/news/politics/saif-qaddafi-2011-5
.
32
Mohamed Eljahmi, “Bad Decision 101: Columbia embraces Qadhafi—and so do we,” see
http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/eljahmi200603200808.asp
.
35
Due to technical difficulties, Gaddafi's call from the Arab League Conference in Damascus (where, ironically, he predicted his own demise at the hands of NATO) was canceled.
40
Ibid.
41
Alexandre Najjar,
Anatomie d'un Tyran
(Paris: Actes Sud, 2011), p. 126.
45
Ḥālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ʾĀḫar MudÄ«r li-Muʾassasat al-QaḏḏāfÄ« al-ʿĀlamiyya: MaÅ¡ruÊ¿ Sayf al-Islām al-Iá¹£lāḥī Muǧarrad ‘Wahm',”
aš-Šarq al- Awsaṭ
, October 8, 2011.
46
Ḥālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ʾĀhar MudÄ«r li-Muʾassasat al-QaḏḏāfÄ« al-ʿĀlamiyya: Tawaǧǧasat Ḫayfah min al-Ê¿Amal maÊ¿ MuÊ¿á¹­aá¹£im Lamā SamaÊ¿ithu Ê¿anhu min Ä ilẓah wa Ǧafāʾ fÄ« at-Taʿāmul.” PART II,
aš-Šarq al-Aswaṭ
, October 9, 2011.
47
Ibid.
48
Fatḥī BaǧaÊ¿, “LÄ«bÄ«yā ʾilā ʾAyn? al-Maqālah allatÄ« KaÅ¡Å¡afat Wahm al-Iá¹£lāḥ,”
Miyādīn
, May 22, 2011, pp. 4–5.
49
Ibid., p. 4.
50
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
51
Ḥālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ʾĀḫar MudÄ«r li-Muʾassasat al-QaḏḏāfÄ« al-ʿĀlamiyya: MaÅ¡ruÊ¿ Sayf al-Islām al-Iá¹£lāḥī Muǧarrad ‘Wahm'.”
aš-Šarq al- Awsaṭ
, October 8, 2011.
52
Mustafa Ben-Halim,
Libya: The Years of Hope: The Memoirs of Mustafa Ahmed Ben-Halim
(London: AAS Media Publishers, 1998), p. 96.
53
Ibid., p. 94.
54
Alexandre Najjar,
Anatomie d'un Tyran: Mouammar Kadhafi
, (Paris: Actes Sud, 2011), p. 152.
55
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
56
ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Šalġam,
Ašḫāṣ ḥawl al-Qaḏḏāfī
, p. 58.
CHAPTER 8
1
Daniel Kaufmann,
Control Risk Assessment
, cited in “Libya's Starting Failure: Unforeseen or Ignored” (Washington, DC: Brookings), February 25, 2011.
2
Heba Saleh, “Libya Looks to the Future,”
Financial Times
, June 8, 2010.
4
For years, Tripoli had a Ministry of Railroads—despite the fact that there were no railways anywhere in the country.
5
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
6
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
7
Unattributed, interview with MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l in aÅ¡-Å arq al-Awsaá¹­; “ad-Duktur MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l yukaÅ¡Å¡if li-aÅ¡-Å harq al-Awsaá¹­ Ê¿an Muḫaá¹­á¹­at al-Qaḏḏāf'i li-l-Ê¿Awdah ʾilā as-Sulá¹­a,”
aš-Šharq al-Awsaṭ
, October 18, 2011.
8
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
9
Unified Protector, Quels Parametres pour une Operation Lance sans Filet?, DSI, p. 40, footnote 2.
10
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
11
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
12
Wikileaks leaked cable containing a missive to Washington from Ambassador to Tripoli, Gene A. Cretz, September 29, 2009.
14
John Hamilton, “Libyan Promise Falters,”
The Africa Report
, no. 26 (December 2010–January 2011).
17
Ali Shuaib, “Libya says Chevron and Oxy Exit Licenses,” Reuters, October 2, 2010.
18
Vaughan O'Grady, “Why Libya Needs a New Oil Law,”
Oil Review Africa
, issue 3 (2010).
19
Ibid.
20
Editors, “Libya: Family, Friends and neighbors,”
The Africa Report
, no. 26 (December 2010–January 2011): p. 289
21
Daniel Yergin, “Libyan Oil in the Global Context,” Libyan Academy for Graduate Studies speech, Tripoli, January 2006.
22
ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Šalġam,
Ašḫāṣ ḥawl al-Qaḏḏāfī
(Dubai: Dār al-Farǧiyānī/Madārik Publishers, 2012), p. 474.
24
ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Šalġam,
Ašḫāṣ ḥawl al-Qaḏḏāfī
, p, 55; and see
http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=597431&issueno=11690
.
25
Maghreb Confidential source, cited in Heinz Duthel, “Duthel Intelligence Report-2011: Libyan Civil War,” self-published on
Amazon.com
, p. 98; see also
http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/12/11/us-france-libya-idUSL1153657420071211
.
26
Najjar, Alexandre,
Anatomie d'un Tyran
(Paris: Actes Sud, 2011), p. 243.
27
“Fin de parties pour Mismari,”
Jeune Afrique
no. 26045, December 11, 2010.
28
ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Šalġam,
Ašḫāṣ ḥawl al-Qaḏḏāfī
(Cairo, Dar al Madarek, 2012), p. 474.
29
Najjar,
Anatomie
, p. 243.
30
Luis Martinez, “Luis Martinez: Il sera difficile de contraindre le régime de Kadhafi a une retenue dans la repression,”
Le Monde
, February, 21-21, 2011.
31
Ibrahim Sharqieh, “Even a weakened Libya can avoid civil war,”
Financial Times
, March 3, 2011.
32
Faraǧ Naǧam, “al-Qabaliyyā wa ṬabÄ«Ê¿atuha fÄ« LÄ«bÄ«yā,” al-Ḥayāt, March 12, 2011.
33
Shabakat Corporation, International Republican Institute Survey of Public Opinion in Eastern Libya, October 12–25, 2011; see
www.shabakat.se
, quoted in Marbo3a.
34
Bernard-Henri Lévy,
La Guerre sans l'Aimer
(Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 69.
35
Joseph Felter and Brian Fishman, “Al-Qa'ida's Foreign Fighters in Iraq: A First Look at the Sinjar Reords,” Harmony Project, Combating Terrorism Center, West Point, December, 19, 2007; see
http://tarpley.net/docs/CTCForeignFighter.19.Dec07.pdf
.
36
Of the sample, 41 percent were from Saudi Arabia, and 18.8 percent from Libya; of the Libyan fighters, 60.2 percent were from Derna, and 23.9 percent from Benghazi.
37
Richard Oppel, “Foreign Fighters in Iraq are Tied to Allies of the US,”
New York Times
, November 22, 2007.

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