Exit the Colonel (60 page)

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Authors: Ethan Chorin

6
Steve Chapman, “Robert Gates and our ‘interest' in Libya,”
Chicago Tribune
, March 28, 2011.
7
Woodward, Bob,
Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA, 1981–1987
(New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1987), p. 364.
8
Hilsenrath, “Gates Says Libya Not Vital National Interest.”
9
“Lugar Challenges Obama Administration on Libyan War Authorization,” May 13, 2011; see
http://lugar.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=332842&
.
10
State Department, State of Continuing Emergency Release, February 2012.
11
Michael Young, “Promising Clarity on Libya, Obama delivers confusion,”
The National
, March 31, 2011.
12
Editors, “De l'importance des Fondamentaux,” DSI, no. 70, May 2011, p. 25.
14
Editors, “Unified Protector,” pp. 26–40.
15
Ibid., p. 30.
16
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
17
Chorin interview with Maged Mahfouz, November 25, 2011.
18
Shabakat Corporation, International Republican Institute Survey of Pubilc Opinion in Eastern Libya, October 12–25, 2011; see
www.shabakat.se
, quoted in Marbo3a.
19
Editors, “Unified Protector,” pp. 26–40.
21
Nick Meo, “Col Gaddafi refuses to step down, playing chess instead,”
The Telegraph
, June 13, 2011; see
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8573080/Col-Gaddafi-refuses-to-step-down-playing-chess-instead.html
.
22
Bernard-Henri Lévy,
La Guerre sans l'Aimer
(Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 217.
23
“Libye: Crise libyenne—Museveni portraiture Kadhafi,”
Jeune Afrique
, April 19, 2011.
27
Verini, James, “The Good Bad Son,” in
New York Magazine
, May 22, 2011; see
http://nymag.com/news/politics/saif-qaddafi-2011-5
.
28
Michael Hastings, “Inside Obama's War Room,”
Rolling Stone
, October 11, 2011.
29
Lévy,
La Guerre sans l'Aimer
, p. 279.
30
Dirk Vandewalle,
A History of Modern Libya
, 2nd ed., (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 207.
31
“Assistant Secretary Of State Jeffrey Feltman Discusses Libya, Syria, and Lebanon During an Interview on Alhurra Television,” July 27, 2011.
32
Lévy,
La Guerre sans l'Aimer
, p. 123.
33
Rafāīl LÅ«zan, “Lā AstabaÊ¿ad an YakÅ«n al-QaḏḏāfÄ« SaÊ¿Ä« li-l-Ḥuṣūl Ê¿alā Musāʿadah min Isrāʾīl,”
aš-Šarq al-Aswaṭ
, October 12, 2011; Waṯāʾiq, “Alāqāt Istiḫbārāt al-QaḏḏāfÄ« Tuṯīr Ǧadalan Dawliyyan,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, September 4, 2011.
34
“GaḏḏāfÄ« Yuwaffid Mabʿūṯīn ʾilā Israʾīl,” reprinted from
Aljazeera.net
in á¹¢awt, July 14, 2011.
35
See
http://wee.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/08/2011831151258728747.html
; Minā al-Ê¿ArabÄ«. “Ǧadal Ḥawl Waṯāʾiq LÄ«bÄ«yyah tarbuá¹­ David Welch bi-l-baḥṯ Ê¿an ‘Muḫriǧ' li-l-QaḏḏāfÄ«.”
aš-Šarq al-Awsat
, September 1, 2011.
36
Minā al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, “Ǧadal Ḥawl Waṯāʾiq LÄ«bÄ«yyah Tarbuá¹­ DafÄ«d WÄ«lÅ¡ bi-l-Baḥṯ Ê¿an ‘Muḫriǧ' li-l-QaḏḏāfÄ«,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsat
, September 1, 2011.
37
See
http://wee.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/08/2011831151258728747.html
; al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, Minā, “Ǧadal Ḥawl Waṯāʾiq LÄ«bÄ«yyah tarbuá¹­ David Welch bi-l-baḥṯ Ê¿an ‘Muḫriǧ' li-l-QaḏḏāfÄ«,” aÅ¡-Å arq al-Awsat, September 1, 2011; and see
http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/31/state_department_we
weren't_ part_of_the _qaddafi_welsh_meetings.
38
Minā al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, “Ǧadal Ḥawl Waṯāʾiq LÄ«bÄ«yyah Tarbuá¹­ DafÄ«d WÄ«lÅ¡ bi-l-Baḥṯ Ê¿an ‘Muḫriǧ' li-l-QaḏḏāfÄ«,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsat
, September 1, 2011.
39
Ibid.
40
Chorin interview with US Department of State Libya Desk Officer, January 2012; Victoria Nuland, State Department spokesperson, said, “David Welch, a former assistant secretary, is now a private citizen. This was a private trip. He was not carrying any message from the U.S. government.” See
http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/31/state_department_we
weren't_ part_of_the_qaddafi_welsh _meetings.
41
Chorin interview with Assistant Secretary Welch, July 2011.
43
Chorin interview with Dirk Vandewalle, November 2011.
44
Chorin interview with Assistant Secretary Indyk, November 29, 2011.
45
Profile of Ali Tarhouni in
The Atlantic
, November 2011, p. 64.
50
Jeune Afrique
, April 10-16, 2011.
52
“Assassination attempt on Benghazi official: said to be linked to Younis killing,”
Libya Herald
, March 5, 2011.
53
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
55
Samia Nakhoul, “Libyan Scholar Urges Help for Rebels Fighting Gaddafi,” Reuters, March 11, 2011; see
http://www.tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=6600
.
CHAPTER 12
1
aá¹£-Ṣādiq an-NayhÅ«m, “Qiá¹£aá¹£ Aá¹­fāl,”
Lībīyā
(Tala Books/Arab Diffusion Company, 2002), reprinted and translated in Chorin,
Translating Libya
.
2
Abdelhakim Belhaj, “Du Djihad a la Revolution,”
Jeune Afrique
, no. 2643, September 4–10, 2011, p. 26.
3
Ḫālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ad-Duktur MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l YukaÅ¡Å¡if li-aÅ¡-Å harq al-Awsaá¹­ Ê¿an Muḫaá¹­á¹­at al-QaḏḏāfÄ« li-l-Ê¿Awdah ʾilā as-Sulá¹­ah,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, October 18, 2011.
4
Claudia Gazzini, “Who Tipped Off the Libyans?,” blog post, November 3, 2008; see
http://claudiagazzini.com/website/blog/index.php?p=27
.
5
Ḫālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ad-Duktur MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l YukaÅ¡Å¡if li-aÅ¡-Å harq al-Awsaá¹­ Ê¿an Muḫaá¹­á¹­at al-QaḏḏāfÄ« li-l-Ê¿Awdah ʾilā as-Sulá¹­ah,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, October 18, 2011.
6
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
7
Ḫālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ad-Duktur MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l YukaÅ¡Å¡if li-aÅ¡-Å harq al-Awsaá¹­ Ê¿an Muḫaá¹­á¹­at al-QaḏḏāfÄ« li-l-Ê¿Awdah ʾilā as-Sulá¹­ah,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, October 18, 2011.
8
Ibid.
9
“Masʾūl LÄ«bÄ«: Sayf al-Islām fÄ« BanÄ« WalÄ«d wa MuÊ¿taá¹£im fÄ« Sirt,” aÅ¡-Å arq al-Awsaá¹­, Sept.ember 29, 2011.
10
“QiyādÄ« fÄ« Ǧibhat aṯ-Ṯūwwār: Tamm TaḥdÄ«d MawqiÊ¿ Sayf al-Islām fÄ« á¹¢aḥraʾ ǦanÅ«b Å arqi Ṭarāblus,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, October 20, 2011.
11
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
12
“Muammar Gaddafi Dead: Mansour Iddhow, Former Servant, Recounts Colonel's Final Days;” see
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/21/muammar-gaddafi-dead-mansour-iddhow_n_1290789.html
.
14
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
15
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
16
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
17
aš-Šarq al-Awsat
, October 23–24, 2011.
18
Kim Gamel, “Gadhafi's burial delayed for further investigation,” Associated Press, October 21, 2011.
19
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
20
Human Rights Watch, World Report 2012; see
http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012
.
21
Aḥmad Ibrāhīm al-Faqīh,
aṭ-Ṭāġiyyah fi-t-Tarīḫ, Muqaddimah fi tašrīḫ aṭ-Ṭāġiyyah
, unpublished 2011, p. 73.
22
“Libya unearths largest mass grave of civil war dead with 157 bodies in battleground town,” Associated Press, March 4, 2012.
23
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
24
Corbett B. Daly, “Clinton on Qaddafi: ‘We Came, We Saw, He Died,'” CBS News, October 20, 2011.
25
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
27
Adam Nossiter and Kareem Fahim, “Revolution Won, Top Libyan Official Promises Elections and a more Pious State,”
New York Times
, October 23, 2011.
28
Ḫālid MaḥmÅ«d, “ad-Duktur MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l YukaÅ¡Å¡if li-aÅ¡-Å harq al-Awsaá¹­ Ê¿an Muḫaá¹­á¹­at al-QaḏḏāfÄ« li-l-Ê¿Awdah ʾilā as-Sulá¹­ah,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, October 18, 2011.
29
“ad-Duktur MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l yukaÅ¡Å¡if li-aÅ¡-Å harq al-Awsaá¹­ Ê¿an Muḫaá¹­á¹­at al-Qaḏḏāf'i li-l-Ê¿Awdah ʾilā as-Sulá¹­a,” interview with MaḥmÅ«d ǦibrÄ«l in aÅ¡-Å arq al-Awsaá¹­, October 18, 2011.
30
“Libya: ‘Out of Control' Militias Commit Widespread Abuses, a Year On from Uprising,” press release, Amnesty International, February 16, 2012; see
www.amnesty.org
.
31
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
32
Nossiter and Fahim; “Revolution Won, Top Libyan Official Promises Elections and a More Pious State.”
33
Human Rights Watch, World Report 2012; see
http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012
.
35
Human Rights Watch, World Report 2012; see
http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012
.
36
Chorin interview with Azza Maghur, January 19, 2012.
37
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
38
“LÄ«bÄ«yā: Maqtal 5 wa Iṣābat 20 fÄ« IÅ¡tibāqāt bayn Anṣār al-QaḏḏāfÄ« wa Ṯūwwār fÄ« BanÄ« WalÄ«d,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, January 24, 2012.
39
“LÄ«bÄ«yā: Istiqālāt wa IÊ¿tiṣāmāt wa Ê¿Abd al-ǦalÄ«l Yuṯār min “Huwa bi-lā Qarār,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, January 23, 2012.
40
“Anba' howl Dhuhur mufaji' li-Khamees Al Qadafi bi saaq mubtawara,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, February 26, 2012.
41
Human Rights Watch, World Report 2012; see
http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012
.
43
“22 people killed in Libya in clashes between rival towns in country's West,” Associated Press, April 3, 2011.
45
“Qiyadi bilZintan: Saif ma zal ‘ala qina'atihi al qadima'..wa tartibaat limuhakimatili ‘alaaniyya : Abdel sitar hatita,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, January 31, 2012.
46
Å ukrÄ« Ġānim, “á¹¢unduq Aswad Aḫar YatawārÄ«,”
Lībīyā al-Yawm
, May 7, 2012.
47
“Mawt al-Maqrāhī…wa ḤaqÄ«qat al-Muʾāmirah,”
Lībīyā al-Yawm
, May 28, 2012, p. 7.

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