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Table I X - 1 . Overview of the Berg Balance Scale
Population
Equipment
Time
Reliability
Validity
Elderly
Ruler
1 0 - 2 0 mins
Inter-rater reli-
Concurrent
patients
Stopwatch
required
ability: ICC
validity:
who have
Chair
to com-
= 0.98
Tinetti, r =
sustained
Step stool
plete test
rs = 0.88
0.91
acute
Flat surface
Intrarater
Get up and
cerebro-
reliability:
go,r =
vascular
ICC = 0.98
- 0 . 7 6
accident
Internal
Predictive
and/or are
consistency:
validity: <45
in a reha-
Cronbach's
score
bilitation
alpha = 0.96
predicts falls
setting
ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient; r = correlation coefficient; rs = Spearman's rank
correlation coefficient.
Sources: Data from S Whitney, J Poole, S Cass. A review of balance instruments for older
adults. Am J Occup Ther 1 9 9 8 ; 5 2 ( 8 ) : 6 6 6 - 6 7 1 ; KO Berg, SL Wood-Dauphinee, JI Wil-
liams, B Maki. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public
Health 1 9 9 2 ; 8 3 : S 7 - S 1 1 ; L Thorbahn, R Newton. Use of the Berg Balance Test to predict
falls in elderly persons. Phys Ther 1 9 9 6 ; 7 6 ( 6 ) : 5 7 6 - 5 8 3 ; and K Berg, S Wood-Dauphinee,
JI Williams, D Gayton. Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an
instrument. Physiotherapy Can 1 9 8 9 ; 4 1 : 3 0 4 .