India: A History. Revised and Updated (118 page)

Amyntas, Bactrian Greek king,
107

Anandapala, 11th c Shahi king,
207
–8

Anandpur Sahib, Sikh shrine,
360
,
577
,
578

Andaman Islands,
495

Andhra Pradesh,
105
,
118
,
125
,
170
,
220
,
252
,
303
,
377
,
474
,
520

Anga Kingdom, Bengal,
50
,
65
,
68
,
83

Angkor, Cambodia,
124
,
176
,
214

Anglo-French Wars,
377
–82,
388
,
393
–4,
396

Anhilwara (Patan), Gujarat,
239

Antialcidas, Bactrian Greek king,
108

Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka,
215

Aornos, Battle of (326 BC),
71

Arabs,
167
,
172
,
180
–7,
196
,
202

Aranya
, forest, wilderness,
40

Archaeological Survey of India,
7
,
9
,
462

Architecture,
xviii
–xix,
24

Buddhist
51
,
102
–3,
125
,
178
–9,
194

Gupta,
141
,
169

Harappan,
8
–9,
12
,
13
–14;

Jain,
241

Mughal,
315
–6,
334
–6;

Muslim,
240
–1,
259
,
262
–3,
272
,
285
–6,
301
–2,
337
,
433
–5;

Temples,
168
–9,
173
–4,
178
–9,
200
–1,
213
,
216
–7,
223
–5,
252
,
278

Arcot, Tamil Nadu,
377
,
379

Argaon, Battle of (1803),
410

Arikamedu, Tamil Nadu,
121
–3

Arjan Singh, Sikh Guru,
344
,
345

Arjuna, hero,
4
,
39
,
73

Arrian, Romano-Greek historian,
73
,
78

Arthasastra
, Sanskrit manual of statecraft attrib. to Kautilya,
xx
,
60
,
63
,
80
–2,
83
,
92
,
94
,
97
–8,
103
,
119
,
170
–1

Artillery,
282
,
284
,
291
,
310
,
339
,
350
,
395

Arunachal Pradesh,
528

Arya
, (‘Aryans’),
19
–29

Arya Samaj
, Hindu revivalist movement,
458
,
467
,
481

Arya-varta
, ‘land of the arya’,
26
,
159
,
233

Aryanisation,
xxvi
-xxvii,
28
–9,
42
,
43
,
44
,
46
–7,
49
,
53
,
120
–1,
127
–8,
132
,
176
–7,
200
,
233

Asaf Khan, Mughal general,
333

Ashoka,
3
rd c
BC
Maurya emperor,
63
,
88
–100,
106
,
114
,
119
,
127
,
129
,
136
,
140
,
233
,
272

Asiatic Society of Bengal,
79
,
426

Askari, Prince, brother of Humayun,
298
,
299

Assam,
137
,
163
,
193
,
239
,
244
,
330
,
341
,
416
,
448
,
464
–5,
535

Assaye, Battle of (1803),
410

Asvaghosha, Buddhist writer,
103
,
104

Aswamedha
, Vedic horse-sacrifice,
32
–3,
139
,
147
,
168

Atlee, Clement, British Prime Minister
497
,
500

Auckland, Lord, British Governor-General,
418

Augustus, Roman Emperor
121

Aurangabad, Maharashtra,
348
,
359
,
369

Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor,
327
,
328
,
330
,
332
,
336
,
338
–47,
355
–9,
362
,
371
–2,
387

Avanti, ancient name for Malwa,
42
,
50
,
84
,
90

Avatar
, descent, incarnation or manifestation as with Vishnu’s (
q.v.
) nine
avatars
Avitabile, General, Napoleonic officer,
422

Awadh (Oudh), Uttar Pradesh,
242
,
272
,
287
,
294
,
362
,
391
–2,
393
,
404
,
433
–6,
439
,
440
–3,
446

Awami League, Bangladeshi political party,
528
,
541
,
548
,
553
–60,
564
–5,
590

Ayanar, deity,
xxvii

Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh,
44
,
45
,
46
–7,
102
,
165
,
202
,
301
,
598
–600

Ayuthia, Thailand,
47

Azad Hind
(‘Free India’),
495

Azad Kashmir,
515
,
547

Azes, Shaka king,
109
,
130

Babri (Baburi) Masjid
, Ayodhya, Babur’s mosque which became 1990s Hindu/Muslim flashpoint,
301
,
598
–600

Babur, Mughal emperor,
289
–96,
297
–8,
301
,
302
,
320
,
598

Bactria, Northern Afghanistan,
84
,
102
,
106
–9,
114
,
117
,
143

Badami, Karnataka,
xx
,
168
–9,
170
,
172
,
191

Bahadur Shah (Muazzam, Shah Alam) Mughal emperor,
359
–60,
361
,
364
,
374

Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal,
439
–40

Bahman Shah (Hasan), founder of Bahman dynasty,
281
–2

Bahmanid Kingdom,
275
–6,
280
–2,
302
–3

Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 604

Baji Rao I, Maratha peshwa,
367
,
368

Baji Rao II, Maratha peshwa,
408
–9,
412
–3

Bakhtiyar, Muhammad –
see
Muhammad

BAKSAL, Bangladeshi party,
565

Baksar (Buxar), battle of (1764),
391
–2,
404
,
437

Balaji Baji Rao, Maratha peshwa,
403
,
404

Balaji Vishvanath, Maratha peshwa,
363
–4,
366
,
367

Balban, Ghiyas-ud-Din, Delhi sultan,
242
,
248
–9

Balfour, Arthur, British prime minister,
462

‘Balhara’, The, Muslim rendering of
Vallabha
, a title of the Rashtrakuta kings (
q.v.
)

Bali, Indonesia,
172
,
277

Balkh, Afghanistan,
206

Ballala II, 13th c Hoysala king,
252

Ballala III, 14th c Hoysala king,
258

Baluchistan,
118
,
181
,
518
,
543
,
567
,
592

Bamiyan, Afghanistan,
114

Bana, biographer of Harsha,
161
–4,
167

Banda Bahadur, 18th c Sikh leader,
361
,
364

Bandung Conference (1955),
533

Banerji, R.D., archaeologist,
9

Bangalore, Karnataka,
400

Bangladesh,
7
,
193
,
330
,
465
,
508
,
511
,
528
,
553
–60,
561
,
564
–5,
582
,
587
,
589
–90

Bangladesh National Party (BNP),
590

Barani, Ziau-ud-Din, 14th c Muslim chronicler,
249
,
257
,
258
–9,
260
,
263
–5,
266
–7,
268
,
271

Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh,
137

Baroda, Gujarat,
368

Bartuh, 13th c Hindu leader,
242

Basham, A.L., historian,
151

‘Basic Democracy’ (Pakistan),
545
–6,
554

Bassein, Maharashtra,
306
,
348
,
405
,
408

Bayana, near Agra,
294
,
295

Bayly, Christopher, historian,
453
–4

Bayram Khan, Akbar’s guardian,
310
,
311

Baz Bahadur, 16th c sultan of Malwa,
311
–2,
313

Beas River,
73
,
423

Belur, Karnataka,
251

Benares
see
Varanasi

Bengal xxiv,
43
,
50
,
65
,
137
,
140
,
143
,
165
,
176
,
192
–4,
220
,
239
,
243
–5,
248
,
263
,
270
,
275
,
287
–8,
300
,
318
,
341
,
362
,
371
,
375
–6,
381
–2,
385
,
386
–93,
448
–9,
456
,
463
–6,
491
–2,
499
,
504
,
505
,
506
,
508
–9,
517
–8,
528
see also
Bangladesh

Bentinck, Lord William, British governor-general,
417
,
429
–31

Berar, Maharashtra,
348
,
354

Bernier, François, 17th c French traveller,
321
–2,
326
–7,
336

Besant, Annie, freedom fighter,
473
–4

Betwa River,
xxv
,
90

Bhadralok
, the Bengali Hindu intelligentsia,
473
,
504

Bhagavad Gita
, ethical and devotional Sanskrit text,
42
,
148

Bhagwant Das, Kacchwaha rajput,
313

Bhaja, cave site in Maharashtra,
125

Bhakti
, Hindu devotional movement,
148
,
194
,
219
–10,
287
–8,
316

Bhandarkar, D.R., archaeologist,
7
–8

Bharat, Bharatas, Vedic lineage whence alternative for ‘India’ derives,
35
,
56
,
61

Bharata-varsha
(‘Kingdom of the Bharatas’)
see
Bharat

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (‘Indian People’s Party),
454
,
576
,
589
,
597
–601,
604