India: A History. Revised and Updated (122 page)

Independence, (of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh),
483
,
497
,
502
–3,
509
,
526

‘India’, etymology of,
56
–9

India Councils Acts of 1892 & 1909,
459
,
469

India Office,
455

India, Republic of,
7
,
56
–7,
89
,
112
,
51
o
ff passim

‘Indian Mutiny’
see
Great Rebellion

‘Indian National Army’, (INA)
495
,
505

Indian National Congress
see
Congress Indigo,
350
,
372
,
391
,
448
,
471

Indo-Aryans,
xxvi
-xxvii,
19
–36,
42
,
see also arya
& Aryanisation

Indo-European languages,
21

Indonesia,
20
,
176
,
177
–8,
415
,
515

Indo-Pakistan Wars and relations,
515
–6,
536
,
545
. 546–8,
556
–60

Indore, Madhya Pradesh,
368

Indra III, 10th c Rashtrakuta king,
199

Indra, Vedic deity,
21
,
23
,
25
,
26

Indraprastra, Delhi,
41
–2,
301

Indus River,
xxiv
,
4
–5,
56
–60,
71
,
75
–6,
107
,
114
–7,
143
,
180
–7,
417
–8

Indus Valley Civilisation –
see
Harappan Civilisation

Indus Waters Agreement (1960),
544
–5

Industry
see
Crafts & Industry

Inscriptions,
xx
-xxi,
84
,
87
–9,
91
–6,
101
–2,
111
,
114
–7,
129
–30,
136
–7,
144
–5,
169
,
216
–8,
222
–3,
305

Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),
594
–6

Iqta
, a military fief,
244
,
see also Jagir

Iron,
41
,
142
,
154
,
466

Irrigation,
xxiv
-vi,
118
,
130
,
144
,
272
,
288
,
450
,
463
,
518
,
544

Irwin, Lord, Viceroy,
486
,
487
–8

Isami, historian,
245
,
247

Islam Shah Sur, son & successor of Sher Shah,
309

Islamabad, Pakistan,
523
,
545
,
583
,
594

Islamicisation 518–9,
569
,
588
–93

Itimad-ud-Daula, Jahangir’s minister,
332
–4

Jagat Singh, 17th c Rana of Mewar,
330

Jagir
, a revenue right over specified lands as granted by a Mughal ruler to one of his
amirs
for the maintenance of troops,
321
–6,
345
,
346
,
359
,
362
,
364
,
387
,
390

Jagirdar
, the holder of a
jagir (q.v.)

Jahandah Shah, 18th c Mughal emperor,
364

Jahangir, Mughal emperor,
136
–7,
315
,
319
,
326
,
328
,
332
–3,
334
,
345
,
370

Jai Singh, Kacchwaha rajput of Amber,
9
,
336
,
339
,
353
,
360

Jains,
47
,
64
,
76
,
85
–6,
99
,
120
,
129
,
219
,
285
,
316

Jaipur, Rajasthan,
9
,
313

Jalal, Ayesha, historian,
578

Jalalabad, Afghanistan,
203

Jalal-ud-Din (Jadusen), 15th c sultan of Bengal,
287

Jalal-ud-Din Feroz
see
Feroz Shah I Khalji

Jallianwala Bagh, site of 1919 Amritsar massacre,
475
–7

Jamal-ud-Din Yakut, African companion of Raziya,
245

Jamaat-i-Islami,
589
–91,
594

Jammu & Kashmir,
423
,
463
,
488
,
511
–6,
536
,
546
–8,
559
,
562
,
572
,
585
,
597
,
600
–2

Jamshedpur, Bihar,
466

Jamuna River,
xxv
,
26
,
136
,
164
,
263

Jan Sangh, Hindu nationalist party,
454
,
530
,
550
,
575
,
576
,
598

Janapada
, a post-Vedic clan (
jana
) territory,
35
,
43
,
44
,
48
,
50
,
58
,
143

Janata Party, ‘People’s’ party & front,
575
–6

Jati
, family & profession-based caste (
cp. varna
)
54
,
55
,
98
,
145
,
189

Jats, caste of cultivators in Panjab, Rajasthan, UP,
344
,
410
,
415

Jauhar
, the ritualised abandonment of a fortress or palace,
256
,
296
,
315

Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh,
272
–4,
279
,
287
,
292
,
294
,
298
,
318

Java, Indonesia,
28
,
47
,
120
,
133
,
152
,
177
–9,
194
,
415
,
449

Jaxartes River,
71

Jayapala (Jaipal), 10–11th c Shahi king,
204
–6,
207

Jayappa Scindia, 18th c Maratha leader,
403

Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh,
433
,
443
–4

Jhelum River,
72
,
75

Jinji, Tamil Nadu,
337
,
354
,
356

Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, Quaid-i-Azam of Pakistan,
56
–7,
453
,
469
,
481
,
482
,
483
,
487
,
494
,
495
–6,
501
–3,
506
,
514
,
518
–22,
528

Jizya
, a tax imposed by Muslim rulers on non-Muslims,
185
,
242
,
274
,
282
,
343
,
356

Jodha, Raja, Rathor rajput ruler of Marwar,
287

Jodhpur, Rajasthan,
287
,
300
,
345
,
360

Jogiakarta, Java,
47
,
177
,
415

Jones, Sir William, scholar & judge,
20
–21,
79
,
86
,
151
,
383
,
385
,
426

Joshi, J.P., archaeologist,
9

Junagadh, Gujarat,
84
,
129
–30,
131
,
144
,
145
,
512

Junaid ibn Abdur Rahman al-Marri, 8th c governor of Sind,
186
,
187

Junejo, M.K. Pakistani prime minister,
583
,
592

Junnar, Maharashtra,
131

Jurz, probably Gujarat,
195
–6
see
Gurjara-Pratiharas

Jute,
451
,
485
,
518
,
522
,
538

Kabir, 15th c poet & reformer,
316
,
344

Kabul, Afghanistan,
71
,
158
,
181
,
203
–4,
205
,
256
,
290
–1,
308
,
318
,
418
–9

Kacchwahas, rajput clan of Amber/Jaipur,
199
,
313
,
318
,
336
,
360

Kadamba kings of Mysore
168
,
169

Kadaram (Kedah), Malaya,
222
,
223

Kafur, Malik, 14th c general,
257
–9,
260

Kakatiyas, 12–14th c dynasty in Andhra Pradesh,
252
,
257
–8

Kakshivant, Vedic brahman,
30
,
32
,
35

Kalachuris, 10–13th c dynasty in Madhya Pradesh,
227
,
252

Kalhana, historian,
203
,
211
,
212

Kali Yug
, (‘the Dark Era’)
2
,
46
,
48
,
102

Kalibangan, Harappan site,
13

Kalidasa, poet & playwright,
xx
,
103
–4,
151
–2,
153
,
169
,
170

Kalinga (Orissa),
50
,
84
,
91
–2,
94
,
106
,
108
,
109
,
220

Kalinjar, Madhya Pradesh,
206
,
211
,
213
,
239
,
298
,
300

Kalyan, Karnataka,
126
,
130

Kalyana, Maharashtra,
216
,
252

Kamarapura
see
Assam

Kamasutra
,
81
,
103

Kambujas/Kamboja, ancient lineage & territory,
50
,
176
–7

Kamran, Prince, brother of Humayun,
298

Kanauj, Uttar Pradesh,
xx
,
159
,
162
,
164
,
181
,
192
–201,
206
,
208
,
234
,
239
,
299

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu,
xx
,
110
,
137
,
156
,
170
,
172
,
173
–4,
199
,
215

Kandahar, Afghanistan,
96
,
256
,
308
,
319
,
330
–1

Kangra, Himachal Pradesh,
208
,
330

Kanheri, Maharashtra,
150

Kanhoji Angria, Maratha naval commander,
364
,
372
,
381

Kanishka, Kushana emperor,
103
,
111
–2,
114
,
115
,
203

Kannada language,
xxvii
,
118

Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,
413
,
428
,
439
,
440
–2

Kanva Dynasty of Magadha,
105
–6,
125

Kapilavastu, Nepal, Buddha’s birthplace,
64
,
146

Kara, Uttar Pradesh,
254
,
255

Karachi, Sind,
183
,
420
,
502
,
508
,
518
,
521
–2,
523
,
542
,
567
,
586
,
592

Karakoram Highway,
113
–7,
134
,
145
,
158
,
463
,
517

Kargil ‘war’ (1999)
515
,
601
–2

Karli, cave site, Maharashtra,
125
,
150